What to see in Nanjing? Some people say that when they visit Nanjing, they just want to see the tombs. Nanjing is a heavy city. Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, Yuhuatai, and the Memorial Hall for the Victims of the Nanjing Massacre by the Japanese Invaders. It seems that many places are connected with the deceased. However, which dynasty has immortals, and which city has immortals forever? Why is it only Nanjing that allows people to travel thousands of miles to see the graves of so many people? There are many beautiful places in Nanjing, but how do these tombs stand out among the many beautiful places?
I think what attracts tourists is not these tombs, but the scenery and architectural features of these tombs, but the history of the owners of these tombs, the vicissitudes of life, and the stories of legendary figures.
These people are not ordinary people. They occupy an important position in Chinese history. Some of them once stirred up the situation, some once dominated the world, some of them died before they were rewarded, and some of them died before they were rewarded. He shed his blood for the country and the people.
Although they are gone, their names are deeply engraved in books and paintings and remain in the memories of generations.
Nanjing has experienced six massacres and countless sufferings in history.
The towering ancient city wall is like the iron bones of Nanjing people;
The winding Qinhuai River is like the blood flowing in Nanjing.
Let’s explore the legendary figures and stories in Nanjing’s tombs together today!
Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum is located in the Zhongshan Scenic Area in the eastern suburbs of Nanjing. It is the joint burial mausoleum of Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang and Queen Ma. It is one of the largest imperial mausoleums in China. Inheriting the old system of "building a mausoleum based on a mountain" during the Tang and Song dynasties, a new system of square tombs was created in the form of a circular mound. It has reached the perfect height of the harmonious unity of humanities and nature, the unity of nature and man, and has become an excellent example of the combination of traditional Chinese architectural art culture and environmental aesthetics. Therefore, it has the reputation of "the first royal mausoleum of the Ming and Qing Dynasties".
Sun Quan’s tomb is located on the Plum Blossom Mountain in the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty. The Big Plum Garden ranks first among the four major plum gardens. In early spring, plum blossoms bloom all over the mountain, layer upon layer, the flowers are like clouds and clouds, and the fragrance floats for miles. During the plum blossom season, there are a lot of tourists. More than 100,000 people come here to enjoy the plum blossoms every day.
According to historical records, this place was originally named Sunlinggang and King Wu’s Tomb. When Zhu Yuanzhang was building the underground palace, some people advocated moving Sun Quan's tomb. Zhu Yuanzhang said: Sun Quan is a good man. Leave his tomb and show me the gate. In this way, Sun Ling was completely preserved.
Anyone who has read "Three Kingdoms" knows Sun Quan. The three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu were established. Sun Quan, the Great Emperor of Eastern Wu, succeeded his father and brother and became a prince, taking charge of Jiangdong's foundation.
Sun Quan had a loose personality, benevolent and judgmental, advocated chivalry, and cultivated talents. When he was young, he followed his brother Sun Ce and participated in the decision-making of internal affairs. His talents often made his brother feel inferior to him.
In the Three Kingdoms, the presence of Sun Quan of the Eastern Wu Dynasty seems to have never been as strong as that of Cao Cao and Liu Bei of Wei and Shu.
Liu Bei started from a humble beginning, and went through many hardships to become a hegemon. Selling straw sandals, three sworn brothers in the peach garden, Liu Bei throwing a child, three visits to the thatched cottage, Liu Bei getting married, there are many familiar stories that make the image of Liu Huangshu kind and concrete.
Cao Cao was born in a family of eunuchs, and his image is also very vivid. In the Battle of Guandu, he recruited Guan Yu, and in the Battle of Chibi, he looked at the plum blossoms to quench his thirst. Cao Cao loved and cherished talents. He was talented and strategic, resourceful, even if he was Many people say he is a traitor, but he is also very attractive.
On the other hand, Sun Quan burned Red Cliff, borrowed arrows from straw boats, and Zhou Yu hit the yellow cover, making Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu a household name;
It seems that it was Lu Xun's Fire Company who defeated the Shu army in the Battle of Yiling. Defeat Liu Bei.
What is the role of Sun Quan?
Sun Quan is not simple. Think about it, so many princes were destroyed in the fight for hegemony, leaving only the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu standing in a powerful position. How could Sun Quan be simple?
Finally, when Liu Bei raised troops to investigate, he decisively appointed Lu Xun as the governor to fight against Liu Bei. He defeated the Shu army in the Battle of Yiling and stabilized the territory of Jingzhou under the rule of Wu.
When Sun Quan was nineteen years old, he was conferred by the Eastern Han Dynasty as a general against captives. He also served as the prefect of Kuaiji and was stationed in Wu County.
Later, Zhang Zhao was appointed as his master, and Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu and other old officials were used to control the generals. First, he led the army to eliminate Li Shu and gained more than 30,000 people from his tribe; he prevented the chaos in the clan; he also destroyed 6,000 Shanyue and recruited more than 10,000 people. He recruited talents and famous people, and recruited Zhuge Jin, Lu Su, Yan Zhen, Bu Zhi, Lu Xun, Xu Sheng, Gu Yong, Gu Shao and others under his command. The situation in Jiangnan was stabilized. From the eighth year of Jian'an to the thirteenth year of Jian'an, Sun Quan attacked Jiangxia County three times, and finally killed Huang Zu and annexed most of Jiangxia County.
Sun Quan is definitely a hero of the world and should not be underestimated!
Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, is a legendary figure.
He let go of cattle, worked as a monk, worked as a beggar, and finally became the founding emperor. Isn’t God miraculous?
When I read poems and articles in the past, I always felt that it was nonsense when I read, "There is no seed for a man's appearance, but a man should strive for self-improvement."
But looking at Zhu Yuanzhang, I can only sigh: Everything is possible!
Some people say that Zhu Yuanzhang relied on nepotism to achieve his later status
Zhu Yuanzhang did not get a glimpse of the path to power until he joined Guo Zixing's Red Scarf Army.
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Only by marrying Guo Zixing’s daughter, Ma, did he climb the ladder to power.
However, with so many soldiers, why did Guo Zixing choose Zhu Yuanzhang as his son-in-law?
Opportunities always come to those who are prepared
After Zhu Yuanzhang joined the army, he fought bravely, was resourceful, and shrewd and capable. He was quickly appreciated by Guo Zixing and became his adopted daughter. Marry to win over him. If Zhu Yuanzhang is not capable, will Guo Zixing appreciate him and marry his adopted daughter? The answer is no. To be wined over must be worthy of being winned over.
Moreover, Guo Zixing has three biological sons. If we talk about the chance of becoming emperor, then Guo Zixing's three sons must have a greater chance than Zhu Yuanzhang, but they did not take it seriously. The eldest son died first, and the second son was killed by Zhu Yuanzhang three times. This cannot but be said that Zhu Yuanzhang definitely has the decisiveness and IQ to do great things. It was only after all three sons of Guo Zixing died that Zhu Yuanzhang fully transformed the Guo Jiajun into the Zhu Jiajun.
However, "a virtuous wife and a good husband bring few troubles" Zhu Yuanzhang was able to become emperor, and Ma's contribution was indeed indispensable. Everyone on earth knows that Zhu Yuanzhang came from a poor family and did not read many books. No matter how high his IQ and EQ are, his biggest shortcoming is his lack of education, and Ma makes up for his shortcomings in this aspect.
Ma was intelligent since childhood, capable of poetry and painting, especially good at history writing, and had a resolute personality.
Everyone knows that it is amazing that he likes to read history books. Chairman Mao likes to read history books.
"Learning from history can help us understand the ups and downs."
Most of the things in this world have happened before in history.
Ever since Zhu Yuanzhang got the Ma family name, his life has had a direction. Ma not only gave him a goal in life, but also encouraged him to study and make progress, seek out talented people and strangers, and brought him closer to Guo Zixing.
Therefore, if people who don’t like studying still want to make great progress, they must find a good partner who loves reading and can read.
Is Zhu Yuanzhang cruel and unkind?
Zhu Yuanzhang was born into a poor boy and knew very well how difficult life was for the common people. What he hated most was corrupt officials. It can be said that he had been fighting against corrupt officials all his life. It is said that during his 31-year reign, he killed 150,000 officials, an average of nearly 5,000 per year.
Skinned, muscled, tortured, cut in half, castrated, and even whipped to death on the spot right above the court.
During the Hongwu period, all officials were in danger and did not know whether they would come back alive before going to work.
Zhu Yuanzhang’s anti-corruption journey lasted thirty-one years and finally achieved the "Hongwu Rule"
To corrupt officials, he was indeed cruel, but to ordinary people ,
In terms of economy, he carried out a large-scale immigration and military settlement, built water conservancy projects, reduced and reduced tax burdens, surveyed the country's land, and checked household registrations;
In terms of education, he carried out imperial examinations and cultivated people. Talent;
In diplomacy, he established a "country without conquest"
Under his rule, social production recovered and developed year by year, and the people lived and worked in peace and contentment.
Therefore, the cruel Ming Taizu-Zhu Yuanzhang was a good emperor to the people. He was not only a good emperor, but also a historical figure worthy of careful analysis. How could a martial artist with no culture, no background, and no virtuous reputation be able to have so many capable people support him, support him, and become an emperor?
Judging from historical data, Zhu Yuanzhang lived in poverty in his early years and had no opportunity to study. However, he was self-aware, respected knowledge very much, valued scholars, and tried his best to recruit and win over talented people and give them the opportunity to display their talents. opportunity. After I had the opportunity to study, I also started to study. After middle age, I started to learn poetry, and my writing was also impressive.
Looking at the hidden shrine in the southwest,
Standing alone on the chariot, walking on the mountain.
The Yansi Temple is circuitous, the cloud forest is gloomy, and the wind and bamboo are beautiful.
Spotlessly clean,
There are three monks' houses among the guests.
The rest of the day is leisurely, entertaining with flowers and birds, and looking at the mountains and rivers.
Zhu Yuanzhang has not been studying poetry for a long time, so his literary talent may not be comparable to that of those old scholars. But he has gone through ups and downs, is used to seeing the misery of the world, has a keen eye for understanding people, and has high EQ and IQ. His continuous learning in practice has completely made up for his shortcomings of low diploma.
Chang Yuchun’s tomb is located at the northern foot of Purple Mountain outside Taipingmen, Xuanwu District, Nanjing.
Chang Yuchun was born in a poor family. He has a magnificent appearance, a tall height and long arms, and is extremely strong. He is accomplished in martial arts and is proficient in all eighteen kinds of martial arts. After following Zhu Yuanzhang, he fought bravely, bravely and resourcefully, and made many military exploits without any defeat in his life. He was a tiger general under Zhu Yuanzhang. Zhu Yuanzhang unified the world, and Chang Yuchun was indispensable.
The Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is located in the Zhongshan Scenic Area in the eastern suburbs of Nanjing. It is the mausoleum of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the great pioneer of the democratic revolution in modern China. Looking down from the air, it looks like a "Liberty Bell" lying flat on a green carpet. It combines the essence of ancient Chinese and Western architecture. It is solemn, simple and unique. It is known as "the first mausoleum in modern Chinese history".
Starting from the archway and going up to the memorial hall, there are 392 stone steps, representing the 392 million compatriots in China at that time; 8 platforms, symbolizing the Three People's Principles and the Five Powers Constitution. The two-dimensional "Liberty Bell" has the meaning of "awakening the people" to warn the world.
Mr. Sun Yat-sen was born in an ordinary family and had no background. I studied medicine in my early years, but later I felt that even if I cured people's illnesses, they would still have to live in dire straits. Therefore, he began to establish the Xingzhong Association and the Tongmenghui, embarking on a path of saving the country and the people.
Mr. Sun Yat-sen grew up in an environment where Chinese and Western cultures blended. For the first time, he raised the banner of complete anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism, "rising from revolution and ending two thousand years of feudal monarchy."
He is a great national hero, a great patriot, a great pioneer of the Chinese democratic revolution, the founder of the Republic of China and the Chinese Kuomintang, an advocate of the Three People's Principles, and the founder of the "Five-Power Constitution". He is revered as the "Father of the Republic of China".
The tomb of Liao Zhongkai and He Xiangning is located at the foot of Tianbao City at the southern foot of Zijin Mountain in Xuanwu District, Nanjing.
Liao Zhongkai was a loyal executor and defender of Sun Yat-sen's three major policies of "alliance with Russia, alliance with Japan, and support for agriculture and industry". He unswervingly pursued the three major policies, cooperated closely with the Chinese Communists, supported the workers and peasants revolutionary movement, and promoted the development of the Chinese national revolution. It has also become a thorn in the flesh of the right wing of the Kuomintang, feudal warlords and imperialist reactionaries. Later he was assassinated.
He Xiangning is the wife of Liao Zhongkai, a pioneer of women's rights, an outstanding representative of the left wing of the Chinese Kuomintang, a famous political activist, and a painter. His original name is Jian, also known as Ruijian, and his nickname is Shuangqing Louzhu. She is the main founder of the Kuomintang Revolution, a veteran of the Kuomintang, a hero in the establishment of the Republic of China, a loyal executor of the "Three Major Policies", a front army of the Anti-Japanese United Front, and one of the founders of New China.
Linggu Temple is not only "the best Zen forest in the world", but also one of the three major Buddhist temples in the Ming Dynasty. During the Republic of China, it was also the cemetery for fallen soldiers of the National Revolutionary Army. There are 110 stone tablets set up on the four walls, engraved with the list of fallen soldiers of the National Revolutionary Army.
The Linggu Tower is also the Memorial Tower for the Fallen Soldiers and is one of the main buildings in the Fallen Soldiers Cemetery. The outer wall of the bottom floor of the tower is engraved with the four characters "Serve the Country with Loyalty" inscribed by Chiang Kai-shek. The side doors are "Success" and "Chengren", and the back door is "Where there is a will, there is a way". The metaphor should be the meaning of "If you don't succeed, you will be kind" and "Where there is a will, there is a way."
Tan Yankai’s tomb is located on the northeast side of Linggu Temple outside Zhongshan Gate in Xuanwu District, Nanjing. It makes full use of the natural conditions of beautiful springs and rocks and deep ravines, and builds a winding and deep tomb passage against the mountain. It is cleverly arranged to have The garden-style cemetery is very distinctive in the history of cemetery architecture.
Tan Yankai once served as the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi and was a native of Chaling, Hunan. Together with Chen Sanli and Tan Sitong, he is also known as the "Three Young Masters of Hunan and Hunan";
Born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, he was a famous politician, calligrapher and founder of Zu'an Hunan cuisine during the Republic of China. Known as the "master of Yan calligraphy in modern times" and one of the four great calligraphers of the Republic of China, the two lines of huge gold characters on the huge stone tablet in the stele pavilion halfway up the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, "Here is where Mr. Sun, the Prime Minister of the Kuomintang of China, was buried" are written in Tan's handwriting. Tan Yankai was the introducer for the marriage between Jiang and Song Dynasty.
He served three times as the governor and governor of Hunan and the commander-in-chief of the Hunan Army. He was awarded the rank of general and army marshal. He was one of the important figures in the early Republic of China.
Yuhuatai is located outside the Zhonghua Gate in the south of Nanjing. The trees here are lush, the green area reaches more than 90%, and the natural scenery is beautiful. But this is also a memorial site for the New Democratic Revolution. Hundreds of thousands of communists and revolutionary masses died here.
"The rain flowers of the Six Dynasties condensed the charm of heaven and earth, and a piece of history casts a holy platform for thousands of years."
Yuhuatai is a commanding height in the south of Nanjing, and has been a battleground for military strategists in the past dynasties.
Mei Yi, the prefect of Yuzhang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, once fought here against foreign invasion;
Yue Fei, the famous anti-Jin general in the Southern Song Dynasty, once defeated the Jin soldiers here;
The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom defended Tianjing. War, the Revolution of 1911 against the Qing soldiers, and the "Capital Defense War" of the Anti-Japanese War all set off continuous beacon fires here;
Rain flowers, rain flowers, falling rain turns into flowers, falling flowers turn into rain
Speaking of the history of Yuhuatai, it can be traced back to 1147 BC when Taibo came to this area to teach rituals and teach agriculture.
Since 472 BC, when King Gou Jian of Yue built the "Yue City", the Yuhuatai area has also It has become a good place for climbing in the south of the Yangtze River.
During the Three Kingdoms period, the hillock was also called Shizigang, Agate Hill and Jubao Mountain because of the colorful stones scattered all over it.
During the period of Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties, Buddhism was very popular. According to rumors, Master Yunguang, an eminent monk who had attained enlightenment, often set up an altar here to give lectures. Many listeners moved the Buddha, and the flowers fell into rain and turned into rain all over the place. The gorgeous stones give Yuhuatai its name.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, "Yuhua Shushuo" and "Mumo Fenggao" in the scenic area were listed as one of the "Eighteen Scenic Spots of Jinling" and the "Forty-eight Scenic Spots of Jinling" respectively.
"There are four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasties, and there are many towers in the mist and rain",
"The snow reflects the purple on the mountain eyebrows, and the tops of the trees are round when the smoke disappears"
Literati of the past dynasties Scholars and even emperors and generals, from Zhu Yuanzhang, Kangxi, Qianlong to Li Bai, Wang Anshi, Lu You, to modern Lu Xun, Tian Han, Guo Moruo, all left beautiful poems about Yuhuatai. These beautiful poems make Yuhuatai exude a gorgeous cultural atmosphere. .
At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Li Jie followed Zhu Yuanzhang in the uprising and fought in the north and south. During the Northern Expedition commanded by Ren Guangwuwei, he died in front of the battle and was buried here.
In the seventeenth year of Hongwu, Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang adopted Li Jie's daughter as his concubine and took charge of the affairs of the Sixth Palace.
Fang Xiaoru was a famous scholar, writer, essayist and thinker in the Ming Dynasty. Known as the "reading seed".
Everyone knows that after the death of Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang, the throne was not passed to his son, but to his grandson. His son Zhu Di, King of Yan, refused to accept it, so he sent his army south and launched the "Battle of Jingnan". After King Yan came to Beijing, many civil and military officials saw the situation change. Who would be the emperor? Anyway, they are all from Lao Zhu's family, and Fang Xiaoru won't do it.
King Yan really didn’t want to kill him at first, because Fang Xiaoru was famous. If he could conquer Fang Xiaoru, he could conquer the scholars all over the world. So he asked Fang Xiaoru to draft an edict on his accession to the throne. As a result, Fang Xiaoru not only refused to write to him, but also scolded Zhu Di sternly. Emperor Hui Zhu Yunwen was a scholar and had a good temper. Zhu Di was a martial artist but did not have a good temper. When he was angry, he broke up Fang Xiaoru's car in the market and killed more than 800 members of the Lian tribe. It is also said that ten tribes were wiped out.
Fang Xiaoru was a Confucian scholar who sacrificed his life for charity, sacrificed his life for righteousness, and died as a martyr.
The place where Yang Bangyi cut his heart
In the third year of Jianyan of the Southern Song Dynasty (1129), Wanyan Zongbi (Wushu) led the Jin soldiers to cross the Yangtze River and invaded Jiankang Prefecture (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province). City), Southern Song Dynasty Hubu Shangshu Li Chao and Xianmo Pavilion scholar Chen Bangguang surrendered to the city. Yang Bangyi was the general magistrate of Jiankang Prefecture at that time. He sternly refused the surrender of the Jin people, cursed Zong Bi and was killed. After Yang Bangyi died, Zongbi performed a dissection to retrieve his heart.
Sculptures of Martyrs
This is the northern martyrdom site of Yuhuatai.
The shackled workers who despised the enemy, the cold-browed intellectuals, the angry-eyed farmers, the female cadres who were fearless in the face of danger, the little newsboy who gritted his teeth and pursed his lips, all of them were behind bars and full of hatred. The female student who hopes for victory vividly reproduces the glorious image of the martyrs who were brave and unyielding before their sacrifice, and who regarded death as home.
This is the most painful memory in Nanjing. It is a place that Nanjing people do not want to forget and do not dare to forget. This is the place that witnesses the fact that we have been massacred and humiliated, and it is also the place that inspires us to become bigger and stronger.
In 1937, the Republic of China lost the battle to defend Nanjing, and Nanjing, the capital, fell into catastrophe. The Japanese invaders carried out an organized, planned, and premeditated massacre, rape, arson, robbery and other bloody atrocities in Nanjing and nearby areas for six weeks.
In the Nanjing Massacre, countless families were torn apart, a large number of civilians and prisoners of war were killed by the Japanese army, and 300,000 compatriots were killed.
December 13th is my country’s National Memorial Day for the Victims of the Nanjing Massacre.
We love peace, we oppose war, and we do not invade others, but we must become stronger to cope with provocations from other countries.
In the city of Nanjing, the graves you see are not just graves, but scenery, people's hearts, vicissitudes of life, legends, and the trajectory of history.
Walking around Nanjing is like walking in the corridor of history, like reading a history book. The beautiful scenery of Nanjing, if there is no tour guide to explain it, and if you do not study history well, then you will only see the beautiful scenery and not taste the essence of Nanjing.