Xu Heng, whose word Zhongping is called Mr. Lu Zhai by scholars, was born on the third day of April in the first year of King Da 'an of Jin Weishao (the second year of Jiading in Song Ningzong and the fourth year of Yuan Taizu), which is the third day of the lunar calendar, and died on the third day of March in the eighteenth year of Yuan Dynasty. Born in Feng Li, Hanoi, Huaizhou (now Feng Li Village, zhongzhan district, Jiaozuo City, Henan Province), he was named Wei Guozheng. He was an outstanding "thinker, educator and jurist of astronomy" in China in the 13th century.
(1) According to historical records such as Yuan Shi, Xu Wenzheng's Letter, Xu Wenzheng's Genealogy, A Brief Account of Famous Officials in Yuan Dynasty, Yuan Wen Lei, Historical Records of Mengwuer, Ci Yuan, Ci Hai, China's Dictionary of Names and Historical Figures, Xu Heng was a teenager. As an adult, "all classics, history, rites and music, famous things, ephemeris, military punishment, food, water conservancy and so on are talked about."
(2) He talked about Cheng Zhu's Neo-Confucianism with Yao Shu and Dou Mo, and "generously took Tao as his own responsibility".
(3)； When Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu was a prince, Jingzhao promoted his studies and went to Daxing School in Guanzhong. After Sai-jo acceded to the throne, Zuo Cheng, a member of Ren Zhongshu Province's deliberation and secretariat, and Liu Bingzhong, etc. "set up courtiers".
(4) "official appointment system".
(5) Plan the scale of the founding of the country, saying in the book that "the Chinese law must be practiced".
(6) "Be resolute and unyielding".
(7) It was called "Wei Zhi" in Yuan Dynasty; He founded and presided over the Chinese studies in the early Yuan Dynasty, served as a great scholar in Jixian and a national son to offer wine sacrifices, cultivated talents and taught well. Many disciples, such as Yao Sui and Yelu Youshang, all achieved success in their studies. It has a great influence on the cultural exchange between Han and Mongolia, the spread of neo-Confucianism between Cheng and Zhu and the confluence of Zhu and Lu. The leader of the Imperial Academy, Wang Xun, Guo Shoujing, Yang Gongyi, etc. changed the calendar and "wrote the Chronicle of Service".
(8) "New instrument icon table".
(9) The moral sentiment is noble, leaving "the pear has no owner, and my heart is alone."
(1) the value standard and moral belief of pear without owner beside esophagus; He managed the family rigorously and taught his children well, and all his children and grandchildren learned well. The fourth son, Xu Shijing, lived in three places successively, which made Yuan Renzong's imperial examination system and the Taiding period, where natural disasters were frequent, show a prosperous time of peace-keeping, and made outstanding achievements. Xu Heng wrote Lu Zhai Ji, Lu Zhai Xin Fa, Shi Ji Li Jing, Reading Yi Private Words, etc., which were revised and edited for many times by later generations and renamed as Lu Zhai's suicide note, Lu Zhai's complete book, Xu Wenzheng's official suicide note, etc. and included in Sikuquanshu. Xu Heng has profound attainments and outstanding achievements in thought, education, calendar, philosophy, politics, literature, medicine, history, economy, mathematics, folk customs, etc. He is an encyclopedic master of Confucianism and scholarship in Yuan Dynasty, with "Confucian gentleman" in the first place, and Xu Heng as the only one in ancient and modern times. 2. Translation of Xu Heng in classical Chinese
Xu Heng. Taste the summer heat and cross the river. Very. There are pears in the Tao. Many people take it. Sitting under a tree in danger. Or ask. Yue. Take it without it. I can't help it. People say. The world is in chaos. Yue. Pear has no owner. My heart is alone. Any funeral marriage. Must be levied on the ceremony. Its rural scholars are flourishing. Some fruits are ripe and rotten. The boy passed by. Don't turn a blind eye. His family is so changed. The emperor wants to meet each other. Use words of illness. After death. All the bachelors in the four directions gathered to cry. There are thousands of miles to offer sacrifices to those who cry under the tomb. Shi Wenzheng. (Xu Hengchuan)
Translation:
A native of Xu Heng Yuan Dynasty in Hanoi (now north of the Yellow River in Henan Province), he was well-read and well-taught, and many people followed him to study. I wrote my own study plaque called "Luzhai".
In his early years, Xu Heng fled with many people. After a long journey through Heyang, the weather was hot and his throat was dry and thirsty. People with him found a pear tree near the road, which was full of pears. Everyone scrambled to pick pears to quench their thirst. Only Xu Heng sat upright under the tree and did not move. Everyone felt very strange. Someone asked Xu Heng, "Why don't you pick pears?" Xu Heng replied, "That pear tree is not mine. How can I just pick it and eat it?" The man said, "Now the situation is so chaotic that everyone has fled separately. I'm afraid this pear tree has no owner. Why bother?" Xu Heng said; "Even if the pear tree doesn't have a master, doesn't my heart have a master?"
On weekdays, every funeral and marriage must be handled according to the etiquette of good and bad luck. All the people in the township are influenced, and the atmosphere of studying in the village is gradually grand.
Every time the fruit trees in the countryside ripen and fall to the ground, the children in the countryside pass by without looking at them. The villagers always teach their children not to be greedy. Xu Heng's virtue spread all over the world, and Yuan Shizu heard that he wanted to appoint Xu Heng as prime minister, but Xu Heng did not admire Rong Li and became ill in politely decline.
Later, after his death, people from all over the world gathered in front of the spirit and wept bitterly. Some of them came from thousands of miles away to worship and weep at the tomb. The emperor gave posthumous title the title of "Wen Zheng".
as the ancients said, "A righteous man does not cheat his heart, but an honest man does not take it in vain." Try to look at Xu Heng, preferring to endure thirst, not being greedy, keeping my conscience in my heart like a rope, adhering to the integrity of Confucianism, and not stealing the precepts of Buddhism, which is really clean and complete. Its sound personality not only affects the whole town, but also inspires the world. And his death, people from all over the world gathered to mourn and worship sacrifices, which fully demonstrated the profound and touching virtue of life! 3. Urgent < P > Xu Heng was brilliant when he was a child. He began to study at the age of 7 and once asked his teacher, "What is the purpose of studying?" The teacher replied, "It is to gain fame and fortune." He said strangely, "Is that all?" The teacher was puzzled by Xu Heng's rhetorical question, only secretly surprised that the child was a very unusual person. Since then, the teacher has been paying attention to Xu Heng's words and deeds, and found that he is not easy to let go of any problem, and he is very good at getting to the bottom of it, whether it is the gist of the book or the ordinary things in life, he will ask a question. After a while, the teacher gradually realized that it was very difficult to cope with Xu Heng's thirst for knowledge and curiosity. So, the teacher went to Xu Heng's parents and said, "Your children have extraordinary understanding and will certainly make great achievements in the future. I am too ignorant to be his teacher. Please hire someone else. " Then he resigned from the teaching post. Since then, Xu Heng's parents have invited three teachers for him. And these three teachers have resigned one after another, and all for the same reason, that is, unable to meet the requirements of Xu Heng.
without the guidance of the teacher, Xu Heng insisted on studying hard by himself, often sleeping with his pillow curled up and forgetting to eat or sleep. He swam in the sea of knowledge hungrily and never felt the slightest satisfaction. 4. How to translate the classical Chinese "Xu Heng teaches"
Translation:
A native of Hanoi (now north of the Yellow River in Henan Province) in the Yuan Dynasty in Xu Heng, he was well-read and well-taught, and many people followed him to study. I wrote my own study plaque called "Luzhai".
In his early years, Xu Heng fled with many people. After a long journey through Heyang, the weather was hot and his throat was dry and thirsty. People with him found a pear tree near the road, which was full of pears. Everyone scrambled to pick pears to quench their thirst. Only Xu Heng sat upright under the tree and did not move. Everyone felt very strange. Someone asked Xu Heng, "Why don't you pick pears?" Xu Heng replied, "That pear tree is not mine. How can I just pick it and eat it?" The man said, "Now the situation is so chaotic that everyone has fled separately. I'm afraid this pear tree has no owner. Why bother?" Xu Heng said; "Even if the pear tree doesn't have a master, doesn't my heart have a master?"
On weekdays, every funeral and marriage must be handled according to the etiquette of good and bad luck. All the people in the township are influenced, and the atmosphere of studying in the village is gradually grand.
Every time the fruit trees in the countryside ripen and fall to the ground, the children in the countryside pass by without looking at them. The villagers always teach their children not to be greedy. Xu Heng's virtue spread all over the world, and Yuan Shizu heard that he wanted to appoint Xu Heng as prime minister, but Xu Heng did not admire Rong Li and became ill in politely decline.
Later, after his death, people from all over the world gathered in front of the spirit and wept bitterly. Some of them came from thousands of miles away to worship and weep at the tomb. The emperor gave posthumous title the title of "Wen Zheng".
as the ancients said, "A righteous man does not cheat his heart, but an honest man does not take it in vain." Try to look at Xu Heng, preferring to endure thirst, not being greedy, keeping my conscience in my heart like a rope, adhering to the integrity of Confucianism, and not stealing the precepts of Buddhism, which is really clean and complete. Its sound personality not only affects the whole town, but also inspires the world. And his death, people from all over the world gathered to mourn and worship sacrifices, which fully demonstrated the profound and touching virtue of life! 5. Xu Heng translation and translation
Xu Heng. Taste the summer heat and cross the river. Very. There are pears in the Tao. Many people take it. Sitting under a tree in danger. Or ask. Yue. Take it without it. I can't help it. People say. The world is in chaos. Yue. Pear has no owner. My heart is alone. Any funeral marriage. Must be levied on the ceremony. Its rural scholars are flourishing. Some fruits are ripe and rotten. The boy passed by. Don't turn a blind eye. His family is so changed. The emperor wants to meet each other. Use words of illness. After death. All the bachelors in the four directions gathered to cry. There are thousands of miles to offer sacrifices to those who cry under the tomb. Shi Wenzheng. (Xu Hengchuan)
Translation:
A native of Xu Heng Yuan Dynasty in Hanoi (now north of the Yellow River in Henan Province), he was well-read and well-taught, and many people followed him to study. I wrote my own study plaque called "Luzhai".
In his early years, Xu Heng fled with many people. After a long journey through Heyang, the weather was hot and his throat was dry and thirsty. People with him found a pear tree near the road, which was full of pears. Everyone scrambled to pick pears to quench their thirst. Only Xu Heng sat upright under the tree and did not move. Everyone felt very strange. Someone asked Xu Heng, "Why don't you pick pears?" Xu Heng replied, "That pear tree is not mine. How can I just pick it and eat it?" The man said, "Now the situation is so chaotic that everyone has fled separately. I'm afraid this pear tree has no owner. Why bother?" Xu Heng said; "Even if the pear tree doesn't have a master, doesn't my heart have a master?"
On weekdays, every funeral and marriage must be handled according to the etiquette of good and bad luck. All the people in the township are influenced, and the atmosphere of studying in the village is gradually grand.
Every time the fruit trees in the countryside ripen and fall to the ground, the children in the countryside pass by without looking at them. The villagers always teach their children not to be greedy. Xu Heng's virtue spread all over the world, and Yuan Shizu heard that he wanted to appoint Xu Heng as prime minister, but Xu Heng did not admire Rong Li and became ill in politely decline.
Later, after his death, people from all over the world gathered in front of the spirit and wept bitterly. Some of them came from thousands of miles away to worship and weep at the tomb. The emperor gave posthumous title the title of "Wen Zheng".
as the ancients said, "A righteous man does not cheat his heart, but an honest man does not take it in vain." Try to look at Xu Heng, preferring to endure thirst, not being greedy, keeping my conscience in my heart like a rope, adhering to the integrity of Confucianism, and not stealing the precepts of Buddhism, which is really clean and complete. Its sound personality not only affects the whole town, but also inspires the world. And his death, people from all over the world gathered to mourn and worship sacrifices, which fully demonstrated the profound and touching virtue of life! 6. Read the following classical Chinese
Question 1: ① This is gradually ③ It has been or will be only later
Question 2:A
Question 3: One day/someone will be bigger than others
Question 4:(1) The teacher took leave and left, and three teachers were replaced like this. (2) There is no messy music that interferes with hearing, and there is no tedious official business that makes the body and mind tired.
Question 5: He likes learning like hunger and thirst, thinking at night and reciting by day, which shows that he likes reading. He is not satisfied with studying only for the imperial examination, which shows that he is a man with lofty aspirations.
Question 1:
Test analysis: First, we should know the content of the full text, find out the meaning of the sentence, and judge the word meaning according to the sentence meaning and the mastery of common words in classical Chinese. When explaining, we should pay attention to the changes of meaning and usage, such as the ancient and modern different meanings of "slightly" in this question, and judge the meaning of words according to the context.
Question 2:
Analysis of test questions: First, we should have a general understanding of the full text, find out the meanings of words in example sentences, and then judge the meanings of Chinese characters according to our own mastery of common words in classical Chinese, and pay attention to the changes of meaning and usage, and make a comparison. The "qi" in sentence A and example sentences is the pronoun "he".
Question 3:
Test analysis: judge the meaning of a sentence based on the content of the article, analyze its structure according to the meaning of the sentence, and judge the pause according to the reading habits of modern Chinese, such as the pause between "subject and predicate" and the pause between modifiers and the head language. The key is to understand the meaning of the sentence.
Question 4:
Test analysis: dredge the full text, get a general understanding of the meaning of the sentence in the context of the full text, explain clearly the key words "Ci", "Fan", "Geng", "Si Zhu", "Confusion" and "Lao Xing", and finally dredge the sentence. If you have done translation exercises, you should strengthen your memory and write translated sentences directly.
Question 5:
Test analysis: dredge the meaning of the text, understand the content, summarize the words and deeds of the characters, and summarize the characters from the aspects of personality and ideological quality. 7. Read the following classical Chinese, and complete the questions after the article. Xu Heng doesn't eat pears without owners. Xu Heng is average.
Question 1:(1) Outstanding. (2) Read and write. (3) Experience it personally. (4) Don't you think Question 2:(1) Like this, three teachers have always changed, and Xu Heng has gradually grown up. He is hungry for reading, but he is in a chaotic era.
(2) Xu Heng was very thirsty when he passed by Heyang in summer. There were pear trees on the roadside, and everyone scrambled to pick pears to eat. Xu Heng sat upright under the tree alone as usual. Question 3: Smart people copy books and read books and praise Xu Heng's spirit of good study and strict self-cultivation.
No problem 1: No problem 2: No problem 3: No translation Xu Heng Zhongping, a native of Hanoi, Huaizhou, has been farming for generations. Xu Heng showed his unique talent when he was young. When he entered primary school at the age of seven, his teacher taught him to read and write. He asked his teacher, "What is the purpose of reading?" The teacher said, "For the exam."
Xu Heng said, "Is that all?" The teacher secretly marveled at him. Every time the teacher explains books to him, he always asks the teacher what they mean.
After a long time, the teacher said to his parents, "This child is very smart and savvy. One day, he will surpass the average person, so I can't be his teacher." So he resigned and left, and his parents tried their best to keep him, but they could not.
like this, there are always three teachers, and Xu Heng is growing up gradually. He is hungry for reading, but he is in a chaotic era and poor, and there are no books at home. I once followed a fortune teller to his home, and when I saw that the family had a Book, I asked to stay in his home and copy it by hand before going home.
Later, I fled to Culai Mountain, and only then did I get the Book of Changes. when