The residents of Dingxiang, located in the northeast of Shanxi Province, pay special attention to the plaques on the courtyard gates. Most of the courtyard gates have a plaque inlaid above the lintel, which has even formed a cultural custom of plaques. So what did ancient people write on their door plaques? Let us find out together.
What is written on the door plaques of ancient people?
Single-family courtyards are the traditional living form of residents in northern my country. If there is a courtyard, there must be a courtyard gate. The courtyard gate is the expression of the family's family status, so people are very particular about the setting and decoration of the courtyard gate. Residents of Tianshui, located in the northwest, pay special attention to courtyard door plaques as a traditional cultural phenomenon in residential architecture. Some families with well-off families and elegant residences usually have a decorative plaque frame with an inscription above the lintel of the courtyard door. The plaque here is not only a kind of decoration, but also shines with an extremely bright light of civilization and contains the extremely profound meaning of Tianshui. cultural connotation.
In the past, door plaques were mostly carved from blue bricks or carved from wood, and a few were carved from stone. They were mostly rectangular and embedded horizontally on the lintel of the gatehouse, giving the gatehouse a sense of life and beauty. Its specifications depend on the courtyard gate. If the gate is wide, the plaque will be larger, if the gate is narrow, the plaque will be smaller. The ordinary one is about 100 centimeters long and about 30 centimeters high (width). Now, with the upgrading of building materials and the update of technology, the materials used for door plaques have gradually been replaced by cement and washed sand, and then replaced by ceramic tiles. However, the sculpture art and decorative art of plaque culture have been greatly eclipsed. Only The art of words is left.
Most of the plaques are engraved with three characters, such as "Zhenxiangdi", "Gengdudi", "Kangheju", "Jingxinju", "Harmony is precious", etc.; there are also many four-character plaques. See, such as "Fu Shou Kang Ning", "Purple Qi Dong Lai", "Qinhe Jia Xing", etc.; there are fewer plaques with two characters and five characters.
A small door plaque, with its concise words and profound meaning, shines with the light of the extensive and profound Chinese culture, just like the cultural relics scattered throughout urban and rural areas.
Two words
Yiyuan Qinyuan returns home to be honest and honest
Three words
Zhenxiangdi Yinglanxuan is prosperous and prosperous. Dixiangheju Tingyuyuan Taoranju
Shudedi Ruidedi Qingxuange Qinyiju Qinpuju Qindedi
Qinhe Juping is Fumaodedi Lingwulou Kangheju Live quietly and study for your cultivation, and enjoy happiness and happiness
Fuyuan Pavilion, Fuyuange Fengyaju, Dezeyuan Chongde, Changyuanju Boyaju, a happy home. An Geng Du Di, Qing Ping Ju
; Qing Ji Ju, Qing Tai Ju, Ji Xiang Ju, Fortune and Longevity, Tai He Ju; Dunhou Ju, Zhong De Di;
; Four Characters
Purple air, auspicious light, purple air comes from the east, purple flowers, wealth and honor, purple pavilion shines with lofty aspirations, soaring clouds, bells and spirits, beautiful show, attracting wealth and treasures, carrying sun, condensing auspiciousness
Yun Fu, latent auspicious clouds, steaming clouds, awe-inspiring, far-reaching origins, long garden, pure residence, singing in the snow, walking in dreams, smooth sailing, elegant courtyard, shining brightly< /p>
Elegant Ju Chunhui Xuan House Ya Ju The rising sun rises in the east, a happy home, a happy family Xiangyang Gate, auspicious clouds arrive in the north
Xiangtian Blessed Land, Xiangguang Full Courtyard, Xiangguang Ji Mansion, Xiangguang Blessed Place, Xianqing Fuju, joyful doors Wuhua Tianbao brings prosperity for five generations
Five blessings come to the door, the sound of the family is only good, the virtues are bright, the colors are purple, and the reds are all new, all the auspiciousness gathers, and everything goes well
Everything is prosperous, everything is good, and blessings are frequent. Listening to perfume, the pavilion is quiet and elegant, a gift from heaven. The clouds sift through the moon on the ladder of fortune
The sentiments of the Tang and Song Dynasties, Taihe and Hengkang, Taibai's legacy, the wind of pine wind, the rhyme of bamboo, the rhyme of pine wind and plum blossoms, the four seasons, the four seasons, the four seasons, the four seasons, peace and prosperity
The four seasons are auspicious, and the four seas are in the same spring. Bless the water and the sky with the same color, good luck in the year, three yuan and the third yang kaitai
The door is filled with auspicious energy, auspicious fortune, auspiciousness, sunshine and spring light, life is prosperous, outstanding people, elegant land, elegant leisurely life, hard work and wealth
Hard-working door Diqin and his family have a prosperous future, thousands of auspiciousness gather for everlasting prosperity, and a long journey forward for thousands of miles
Gather auspiciousness, gather auspiciousness, gather auspiciousness, gather auspiciousness, tranquility, and go far. Salamander Peng spreads his wings and receives blessings to welcome auspiciousness, Mingde, and happiness. People's livelihood is at work
< p> The door is full of blessings, the gate is full of blessings, the five blessings are welcoming, the gate is full of happiness, the courtyard is full of glory, the dragon sings, the country is auspicious, the dragon and the phoenix are auspiciousThe dragon flies and the phoenix dances, six things repair the six contracts, the spring orchid and the coix hum, the quiet life is elegant and splendid, the future is prosperous, and the family fortune is prosperous< /p>
The family is prosperous, the family is prosperous, the family is prosperous, the wealth is prosperous, the blessings are concentrated, the auspicious stars are shining, the auspiciousness is high, and the auspiciousness is more than auspicious.
The family with good deeds is prosperous, the wind is harmonious, the Chinese family takes off, the household accepts Qianxiang, and the good virtue is passed down to the family Hongru Yaju Hongguang Fuju
Honghu, Lingyun, Hongfu, Jude, Hengtai, Yongchang, Harmony, Prosperity, Harmony, Family, Self-reliance, Farming, Reading, Heirlooms
High pavilion, Lingyun, good fortune, good health and good fortune, everlasting blessings, auspicious home, blessing Taiyongchangfutaifukangfushouyingmen
Fushou,kangningfuruixiang and blessings such as the east sea,fuluzhenxiang,fulu tranquility,hoju Hongguangfujitilai
fudi cave,tianfu,qiankunfeng Zhulongxiang has a clear and simple wind, auspicious wind, prosperity, prosperity and prosperity
The grace of Qianqiu, Deqin, Yi Demao, Fu Shengde, Guixiang and Defu, Honghou, Danfeng and Chaoyang show their ambitions
Congweide listens to the sound of spring. The garden is full of spring colors. The world is full of spring flowers. Autumn is full of spring flowers and the scenery is bright. The courtyard is full of spring scenery.
Farming, reading, heirlooms, listening to perfumes, pavilions, tranquility and far-reaching, bright virtues, sweet water and sky, one color, ladders, clouds sifting the moon
Hongguang, auspiciousness, blessings, auspiciousness, auspiciousness, auspiciousness, auspiciousness, auspiciousness and auspiciousness
Collect Fu Ning Xiang Collect Fu Ning Rui Yun Fu Qianxiang Ning Xiang Ju Rui Ning Xiang Collect Rui Yang Ning Rui
Fulu Zhenxiang Fulu Tranquility Fushou Kangning Fushou Yingmen Taihe Hengkang Purple Huafugui
Futai Fukang Futai Yongchang Fu Ji'ankang Ji Xing Gao Zhao Qing Yu Zhong Ling Yuxiu
> The rising sun rises in the east, the sunshine shines on the spring, the scenery is bright, the spring light fills the courtyard, and the breeze is clear, simple and colorful.
The garden is clear, the show house is elegant, the Xian Qingfu home is quiet, the elegance is elegant, the elegant courtyard is full of glory
Yaju Chunhui, pines, wind and plum blossoms, tranquility and far-reaching, Hengtai, Yongchang and blessings will last forever
It has a long history, eternal prosperity, Chinese take-off, prosperity, a prosperous future, a bright and beautiful future, and high aspirations.
The journey is thousands of miles away and the swans are flying. Lingyun salamander spreads its wings, the dragon flies, the phoenix dances, the dragon chants, and everything goes smoothly
A happy home, a peaceful and prosperous home, a prosperous business, a prosperous family, a prosperous spring and autumn, hard work and a prosperous family
The most valuable thing is self-reliance, good virtue, family cultivation, and education Heirlooms of great blessings, gathered virtues, abundant blessings, prosperous virtues, and prosperous fortunes
The blessings of the universe are only good, virtues, wisdom, wisdom, virtue, virtue, virtue, auspiciousness, high pavilions, lofty clouds, and blue sky, hidden dragons
Hidden dragons and crouching tigers are born in the blue sky. The glorious sky gives Baifu Gate to welcome Baifu Xiangzhai
The purple pavilion of Xiangguang Jizhai shines with purple energy from the east, and the purple energy auspicious light and auspicious energy fills the door
The auspicious light fills the courtyard with fresh air Rui Qianxiang gathers, Wanxiang gathers thousands of blessings, everything goes well
Everything goes well, auspiciousness comes, family fortune is prosperous, everything goes smoothly, blessings are gathered, the family starts, Deloitte Yi'an is heard
Five words
< p> Living in peace, painting, enjoying the year, great Chongren, carrying on the auspiciousness of family, thinking of filial piety and friends, the spring light reflecting the sun, the new year, the blessing of thousands of doors, the spring order, the following virtuesThe pure and kind jade family celebrates virtue, wealth, spring and autumn, and the wind is beautiful, early spring, and harmonious spring in the world. According to Hong Xiu's biography, Jing Rui's flowers are blooming, spring is rich, Chinese literature is beautiful, and the spring sun is beautiful
The bright and beautiful house, the wall, the world is the same as the spring, the family and everything are prosperous, the gold room is shining, the auspicious light, the talented body, the ancestors are virtuous, and the good days are snowing.
Plum blossoms contain white jade. Plum blossoms bloom with five blessings. They account for hundreds of flowers and lead bright hearts and bright hearts. Years are prosperous, people increase life expectancy, people are outstanding, and people are happy at the time.
People follow the spring spirit and are prosperous. The country is virtuous and auspicious, and the mist of spring shines. Auspicious energy comes early, auspicious colors rise, purple clouds rise, the world is peaceful, auspicious and prosperous times, happy life
Poems and books, a hundred generations, fragrant world, jade court, peace, peace, peace, new life, good luck, good fortune, civilization, openness and clearness in the distant sky. Scenery
Together with blessings and longevity, Tianen, civilization, illumination and virtue, the article will be passed down forever and the Five Blessings will be revealed. The rising sun illuminates thousands of gates and illuminates Yongde. It declares Yongyi to declare Shengde. The Yutang is full of auspiciousness.
Treasures passed down from generation to generation
Loyalty and filial piety will last forever in heaven, earth and the country (jun)’s personal teacher
Hakka door plaque
Magnificent door plaque
Chen surname door plaque< /p>
Men's plaque with the surname Yang
Men's plaque with the surname of General
Men's plaque with the surname of Kong
Men's plaque with the surname Kong
Lu, Yang, Wang, Men's plaque with the surname Luo
Men's plaque with the surname Lu
▲The last stroke of the word "men" is changed to a vertical stroke to reflect the ancient fire protection concept.
▲Zhonghe Hall
Among all the door plaques in the Forbidden City, the last stroke of the traditional Chinese character "men" is vertically downward without hooks. It changes from hook to vertical. Why How to write it like this? In ancient times, the strokes of each character can distinguish its five-element attributes. The hook of the character "men" belongs to the "fire pen". Because ancient buildings are mostly civil structures and are easily burned by fire, the ancients were worried about bringing The word "men" with a "fire pen" will attract fire, so the last stroke of the word "men" in the door plaque was changed from an outline pen to a vertical pen. This writing method has been around for a long time. The "?" in the plaques of Ming and Qing palaces The word "men" is written like this.
What does the so-called door plaque mean?
The single-family courtyard is the traditional living form of residents in northern my country. If there is a courtyard, there must be a courtyard gate. The courtyard gate is the expression of the family's family status, so people are very particular about the setting and decoration of the courtyard gate. The residents of Dingxiang, located in the northeast of Shanxi Province, pay special attention to the plaques on the courtyard gates. Most of the courtyard gates have a plaque inlaid above the lintel, which has even formed a cultural custom of plaques.
Characteristics and history of door plaques:
From an architectural point of view, door plaques have neither the function of stabilizing the foundation nor the role of connecting the structure. They are just a kind of decoration that beautifies the facade. This This kind of decorative effect is the expression of culture.
Most of the door plaques are carved from blue bricks, while a few are carved from wood or stone. They are mostly rectangular and are embedded horizontally on the lintel of the gate tower, giving the gate tower a sense of lifelike beauty. Its specifications are determined according to the courtyard gate. If the gate is wide, the plaque will be larger, if the gate is narrow, the plaque will be smaller. The ordinary one is about 100 centimeters long and about 30 centimeters high (width). Since the 1980s, with the replacement of building materials and the renewal of technology, the materials used for door plaques have gradually been replaced by cement and washed sand instead of gray bricks. By the 1990s, most of them had been replaced by ceramic tiles.
The culture of door plaques is mainly reflected in its carving art, decorative art and text art. Door plaques are generally carved with decorative frames, including cloud patterns, dragon patterns, flower and grass patterns, bamboo knot patterns, wealthy peony patterns and other styles. Those who are particular about it also carve "Eight Immortals of Darkness", "Picture of Four Seasons" and "Picture of Hundreds of Longevity". , "Continuous wealth and wealth" and so on. Some do not carve patterns, but just polish the brick frame to be extremely smooth and delicate, giving people a simple and generous feeling. The frame is composed of green square bricks, all of which are engraved with text. Most of the plaques are engraved with four characters, such as "Plowing and Reading is passed on", "Longevity and Health", etc.; three-character plaques are also common, such as "Peace of Life", "Harmony is Precious", etc.; there are fewer plaques with two characters and five characters. , but there are also opinions, such as "honest", "Ningrui", etc., and five-character ones, such as "Hongguang Guangguang Qianqiu", "Family and everything will be prosperous", etc. Whether it is a four-character plaque, a three-character plaque, a two-character plaque, or a five-character plaque, most of them contain auspicious language. Some are borrowed from ready-made allusions and idioms, and some are compiled according to the wishes of the owner of the courtyard. Their contents are very extensive. Most of the characters are engraved in the Yang direction, and a few are inscribed in the negative direction. The fonts are mostly regular script and running script. Seal script and official script are also found, but the number is very small.
The appearance of door plaques has a long history. Initially, it was mostly displayed in public places such as city towers, government offices, temples, gardens, etc. or at the gates of officials and dignitaries. For example, the plaque of "Daxiangguo Temple" in Kaifeng City, Henan Province was a calligrapher in the capital when the temple was expanded in the early Northern Song Dynasty. Inscribed by a famous artist. Later, many shops and stores also borrowed the form of door plaques as their own advertising, such as "Liubiju" and "Quanjude" in Beijing, "Knowing Yili" and "Qingheyuan" in Taiyuan, etc.
In Dingxiang, the oldest plaque I have seen is the courtyard gate plaque of the former residence of General Xuanwei Bo Qianfu in Fanglan Village during the Shunzhi and Kangxi years of the Qing Dynasty. This door plaque is carved from blue bricks, about 120 cm long and 40 cm wide. It has polished brick edges as a frame, auspicious clouds carved on the four corners, and four seal characters that are difficult to identify. It is estimated that this plaque is 300 years old. It has a history of many years. Unfortunately, when the new owner renovated the house in the late 1970s, the gate tower and the door plaque were destroyed. Most of the relatively complete courtyard gate towers and door plaques that are now preserved are the earliest relics of the middle and late Qing Dynasty. For example, the gate plaque of Hongfu Temple in the East of Beishe was placed during the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty. The gate tower and plaque of Du Tianwen's house in Zhen'anzhai, Li Xianglu of Fanglan Village The gate tower and plaque of Liu Weiting's residence are all relics of the late Qing Dynasty.
The cultural connotation of the slogan on the door plaque:
First, it is the manifestation of the psychology of seeking good fortune and peace of mind
Second, it is the manifestation of the psychology of building a family and establishing a career
The third is the manifestation of the psychology of persuading the world with metaphors
The fourth is the manifestation of the psychology of lofty ideals