2. Huangguoshu Waterfall is located in the upper reaches of Baishui River in Zhenning Buyi and Miao Autonomous County, Anshun City, Guizhou Province, 45 kilometers southwest of Anshun City, within Zhenning Buyi and Miao Autonomous County, and 0/50 kilometers northeast of Guiyang City, the capital of Guizhou Province. It belongs to the middle subtropical zone and is a typical karst area with mild climate and abundant rainfall. The annual rainfall is above 1300mm, and the rainfall is concentrated in May-July, and the average monthly rainfall is above 200mm, especially in June, which is nearly 300mm. In the following months, the rainfall gradually decreased, and 65438+February was the month with the least rainfall in the whole year, with an average monthly rainfall of less than 20.
3. Huangguoshu Waterfall is located in the low-lying area of western Guizhou, with low altitude and frost-free all year round, and the annual average temperature is about14℃; There is no cold in winter and no heat in summer, so it is a good place for summer vacation. 65438+ 10 is the coldest month, with an average temperature of 4.3℃, but the lowest temperature rarely drops below zero. July is the hottest, with an average temperature of 22℃, and there are basically no high temperature days.
4. The genesis of Huangguoshu Waterfall can be traced back to the Middle Triassic more than 200 million years ago, when a set of extremely thick carbonate rocks were deposited in Huangguoshu area. Huangguoshu Waterfall is developed in a set of "Middle Triassic thick layer with a small amount of thin dolomite limestone", which is located in the east wing of Wengzhai small anticline. Baishui River in the formation period of Huangguoshu Waterfall is an aboveground river, which developed 654.38 million+500,000 years ago and evolved from the "wide valley period" in the middle and late Pleistocene of Quaternary to the "canyon period". Later, due to the intermittent uplift of the crust during the Himalayan movement, the base level of river erosion decreased, which led to the strengthening of river erosion, dissolution and other undercutting, where a "crack point" was formed. At first, Baishui River formed a karst erosion crack waterfall. Later, with the intermittent uplift of the crust due to river erosion, dissolution and lateral erosion, the hydrodynamic force gradually increased, and the top of the waterfall gradually collapsed, and finally Huangguoshu Waterfall appeared, which has a history of 50,000 years.
5. Morphological characteristics
Huangguoshu Waterfall is located in Baishui section of Dabang River Basin. The river flows from north to south. When arriving at Huangguoshu, there is a big longitudinal slope crack point on the riverbed, forming Huangguoshu Waterfall. After passing through the waterfall, the water flows around a semi-circular arc to the west, with a chord length of 500 meters and a projection of 300 meters to the west, reaching the snail beach head washed by the water and restoring the flow direction from north to south. The waterfall is 10 1 m wide and 77.8m high. The waterfall flies into the rhinoceros pond, and the water flows through Sandaotan, Horseshoe Beach, Pig Longtan, Oil Fish Well, Pot Bottom Pot, Bay Pond and Maoshui Pond in turn.
Xu Xiake described Huangguoshu Waterfall in this way: "Looking south through the gap, you will find that the road was left by a stream, and you flew away. The stones on the stream are covered like lotus leaves, and three doors are cut out in the middle. Water overflows from the top of the leaf, such as ten thousand pieces, outside the horizontal cover. There are countless people who go straight down, smashing beads and breaking jade, and water drops come back like smoke. The so-called' bead curtain hooks don't roll, flying practice hangs the far peak', which is not strong enough. " Among the waterfalls he saw, "there are several times as high, and there are not so wide and so big." Since then, Huangguoshu Waterfall has gradually been regarded as the first waterfall in China.
The flow rate of the waterfall river is only a few per hour, and the maximum flow rate is above 1000. When the water volume is large, the waterfall splashes beads on Huangguoshu Street, which is more than 0/00 meters high, and thunderous noise can be heard two or three miles away. When the water is small, the river is still divided into four tributaries, which spread all over the rock wall without losing the momentum of "wide and big".
Behind the waterfall, there is a water curtain cave with a length of1.34m, which is a half-span waterfall. It consists of 6 cave windows, 5 cave halls, 3 cave springs and 6 passages. It's amazing to see the Great Falls from inside water curtain cave. Water curtain cave under such a spectacular waterfall is rare among waterfalls all over the world. In front of the waterfall is a deep box-shaped karst canyon, with cliffs on the left and dense ancient trees; On the right is travertine slope, stalagmite mountain, fragrant grass and flowers, misty; Among them, there are rhinoceros pond and horseshoe pond, which are interconnected. The rhinoceros pond is as deep as 17 meters, and beads are often splashed and foggy. In the morning and evening, the sun refracts and the rainbow rises, and the predecessors have the reputation of "snow reflects Sichuan and summer". There is a waterfall pavilion opposite the waterfall, which is very simple. Yan, a famous calligrapher in Qing Dynasty, said: "White water is like cotton, and flowers are scattered without bows; Colorful clouds are like brocade, why weave the sky? " There are dense trees under the pavilion and there is a winding path leading to the river. A curved bridge across the river leads to "water curtain cave". Huangguoshu Waterfall Hotel is built in the trees on the bank not far from the downstream of the waterfall, and the hotel building adopts Buyi stone architectural style. There is a marble statue of Xu Xiake near the waterfall.