These are all reflected in calligraphy. If the spirit of the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties is the embodiment of seeking "writing", then in the Song Dynasty, calligraphy began to appear in front of the world with a new look of expressing emotions. That is to say, calligraphers should have knowledge, that is, bookish spirit, in addition to their nature and kung fu. Northern Song Sijia changed the face of Tang Kai and directly inherited the tradition of calligraphy.
Both talented Cai Xiang and Su Dongpo, as well as Huang Tingjian, who admired the ancients, and Mi Fei, who was bold and unrestrained, tried to show their own calligraphy style, and at the same time highlighted an unconventional gesture, which made the spirit of learning depressed between pen and ink and gave people a new aesthetic artistic conception, which was further extended by calligraphers such as Wu Shuo, Lu You, Fan Chengda, Zhu and Wen Tianxiang in the Southern Song Dynasty. Calligraphers in Song Dynasty were represented by Su, Huang, Mi and Cai.