Metric poetry, also known as modern poetry, is a kind of ancient poetry in China and a poetic style formed after the Tang Dynasty, which is mainly divided into quatrains and metrical poems. According to the number of words in each sentence, it can be divided into five words and seven words. Style and sentence patterns have certain norms, phonology has certain rules, and the changes in use also need to abide by certain rules.
produce
During the Yongming period of the Southern Qi Dynasty, the theory of "temperament" prevailed, and poetry creation paid attention to tone harmony. In this way, the new poetic style of "Yongming Style" gradually took shape. This new poetic style is the beginning of metrical poetry. The famous poet in this period was Xie Tiao (about 464-499). Xie Tiao is famous for his landscape poems, and his poetic style is fresh and beautiful. His new style poems have a certain influence on the formation of regular poems and quatrains in Tang Dynasty.
take shape
Poetry developed into the Tang Dynasty and ushered in a highly mature golden age. Nearly 300 years ago, the Tang Dynasty left nearly 50,000 poems, and there were about 50 or 60 famous poets with unique styles. Four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty were the main poets in the pioneering period of Tang poetry. These four people are (649-676), Yang Jiong (650-693), Lu (637-689) and Luo (646-684). Although their poems inherited the atmosphere of the Qi and Liang Dynasties, the theme of their poems was expanded in their hands, and the form of five-character and eight-sentence rhythmic poems was also initially shaped by them. After the "Four Great Scholars", Chen Ziang (66 1-702) clearly put forward his opposition to the poetic style of Qi and Liang, and advocated "the style of Han and Wei". There are 38 poems chanting for the bosom, which are his representative works with distinctive innovative spirit.
mature
The prosperous Tang Dynasty is the peak of poetry prosperity. During this period, besides Li Bai and Du Fu, there were many accomplished poets. It can be roughly divided into two categories: one is an idyllic poet represented by Meng Haoran and Wang Wei; The other is frontier poets, among whom Gao Shi and Cen Can have the highest achievements, and Wang Changling, Li Qi and Wang Zhihuan are also outstanding frontier poets. Wang Changling's frontier poems mostly express the soldiers' homesickness with the ancient theme of Yuefu. His "Joining the Army" and "Going to the Frontier" have always been regarded as the representative works of frontier poems. Li Qi's frontier poems are few in number, but he has made outstanding achievements. A poem "Ancient Meaning" and "An Ancient Warsong" are his representative works. Wang Zhihuan is an old frontier poet. One poem "Liangzhou Ci" expresses the homesickness of the expedition, while the other "In Lusu" is lofty and enlightening. Poetry in the middle Tang Dynasty is the continuation of poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The works of this period mainly describe social unrest and people's suffering. Bai Juyi was the most outstanding realistic poet in the middle Tang Dynasty. He inherited and developed the realistic tradition of The Book of Songs and Han Yuefu, and set off a realistic poem, the New Yuefu Movement, in literary theory and creation. Yuan Zhen, Zhang Ji and Wang Jian are all important poets in this movement. The main works of Yuan Zhen (779-83 1) are 19 Ancient Yuefu and 12 New Yuefu. Meta-poetry is very close to Bai Juyi's poetry in both content and form. Their common feature is that the language is easy to understand, which is due to the consistency of their literary views. Although Wang Jian in Zhang Jihe had no clear literary ideas, they became the backbone of the New Yuefu Movement with their rich creations. Sympathy for farmers' sufferings is the theme of Zhang Ji's Yuefu poems, especially wild old songs. Although there are not many poems by Shen Li that are very similar in style to the above-mentioned people, two poems, Benevolence for Agriculture, have won him a wide range of readers.
Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi contains 36 volumes of Xie Lingyun's works, which have been lost. In addition to the book of Jin, Xie Lingyun has 4 kinds of books/kloc-0. The collected works of Xie Lingyun (Volume 19) (Liang Volume 20, Volume 1) have been lost. It has been lost since the Northern Song Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, Li Xianji and others sorted out Xie Lingyun's works from Selected Works, Yuefu Poems and similar books, which were printed and engraved by Jiao Hong as Xie Lekang Collection. Zhang Pu's Records of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties contains two volumes of Xie Lekang. Yan Kejun's "Ancient Three Generations, Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties" and Kai's "Poems of the Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties" are all included. There are poems of thanks in the Yellow Festival.
2. What is the theme of Xie Lingyun's ancient prose? Poets express their inner anguish or happiness in various ways, and use the advance and retreat of autumn to explain their advance and retreat; Or say it, telling the loneliness of a person living in a foreign land; Or write about feelings with scenery, and set off the poet's inner depression with the interesting spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River.
How to write love with scenery;
Write down what you saw when you went upstairs in eight sentences from "pillow" below to the second floor. "Sleeping on a pillow, regardless of the season and climate" comes from the previous sentence "Lying in an empty forest". It was written that it was winter and spring when I was sick, which naturally led to "temporary landing" in the later period. "Temporary" means short time, which means being strong when you are sick. "Tilting one's ears" and "lifting one's eyes" describe the poet's extreme love for natural scenery. The knocking sound of pond water waves makes people feel deeply when they listen carefully; The remote mountains are rugged, which makes people feel relaxed and happy from a distance. It seems that this couplet (especially the previous sentence) is really ordinary, with no tempering power, and the scenery written is nothing special. However, it should be noted that it well shows the characteristics of early spring and the poet's mood at that time. The grass around the pond (especially in the sunny places) recovered early and grew fast because of the moisture of the pool water and the cold wind blocking the hillside, and the green was particularly fresh and tender and thriving. But it is so common that most people don't notice it. At the beginning of Xie Lingyun's long illness, this ordinary scenery suddenly touched him and made him feel the vitality of everything in spring, so naturally he had this fresh sentence.
The last six sentences are the third floor. The first two sentences think of ancient poems describing spring scenery, from climbing stairs to watching Spring Festival couplets, expressing feelings with allusions, and turning emotions into sadness.
Viewpoint: This poem focuses on climbing the pool and going upstairs, expressing various complex emotions. There is narcissism, political frustration, frustration, resentment against political opponents and interest in seclusion. Although the language is obscure, it does show the process of inner activities. The description of scenery in the poem is closely combined with lyric, which becomes the hub of emotional change in the poem. The description of scenery also reflects the poet's love and sensitivity to nature, which is the condition for his creation of landscape poetry school. However, the language is too abstruse, the sentence pattern lacks change, and some repetitions are caused by confrontation, which is also a significant weakness. All these need the development of poetry to correct.
3. Primary school textbook Classical Chinese Xie Lingyun called his family to describe the snowy world, say new words and read snow.
Master Xie got together on a cold snowy day and told his children the meaning of the paper. Soon, it snowed heavily, and the guardian said happily, "What kind of snow is this?" ? "Xie Lang, his brother's eldest son, said," The air in the air is almost comparable. "."His eldest brother's daughter said, "Catkin can dance with the wind better than the wind." . "Guardian of the empire laughed. She is the daughter of Xie An, the daughter of Xie An, and the wife of the left-wing general Wang Ningzhi.
On a cold snowy day, Tai Fu Xie gathered his family together to talk about poetry with his sons and nephews. Suddenly it snowed heavily and urgently, and the teacher said happily, "What is this snow like?" Hu Er, his brother's eldest son, said, "This is almost comparable to sprinkling salt in the air." His brother's daughter said, "It's better to blow catkins all over the sky." A teacher smiled and was very happy. Xie Daowen is the daughter of Xie Wuyi, the eldest brother of Xie Taifu, and the wife of General Zuo.
4. Song Chuanqi Xie Lingyun translated Xie Lingyun translated Xie Lingyun, Chen Xiaren.
Grandfather Xie Xuan was a general in the Jin Dynasty. My father, Xie, was not clever since childhood. He worked as a secretary and died young.
Xie Lingyun was brilliant when he was very young. Xie Xuan attached great importance to him and said to his close friend, "I gave birth to Xie. How can Xie survive! " Xie Lingyun loved reading and reading history since he was a child. The articles he wrote are very good-looking, and almost no one in Jiangnan can catch up with them. His uncle Xie Hun likes him very much. Xie Lingyun inherited his grandfather's title, was made Duke of Recreation, and enjoyed the tax treatment of 2,000 households.
Citing precedent, Xie Lingyun was awarded the position of assistant riding out of court. Xie Lingyun didn't arrive, but he accepted the position of Wang's Sima Hang to join the army. Xie Lingyun is arrogant and extravagant, and loves luxury. The decoration of his car is bright and beautiful. Everything he wears and plays has changed the old style. The whole world follows his example and people call him Xie.
Liu Yi, a rich army general, guarded his aunt and made him a clerk to join the army. Liu Yi guarded Jiangling and made him a guard in Langzhong.
After Liu Yi was killed, Emperor Wu of Song took him as Qiu to join the army. After returning to Beijing, I became a doctor's secretary, but I was dismissed for something.
After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty conquered the Yao family in Qin Dynasty, Liu Daolian, the ancient general of a title of generals in ancient times, stayed in the capital, and Xie Lingyun joined the army as a counselor. Then he was transferred to the position of assistant minister in Zhongshu and assistant minister in Huangmen.
Xie Lingyun was ordered to send envoys to Pengcheng to comfort sai-jo Liu Jun, and wrote down the "Essay Sign". After coming back, he was still appointed as assistant minister of Huangmen in Song Dynasty, and later he was promoted to Guo Xiang to be a corps commander. Prince Zuo Weishuai was removed from his post for executing his protege without authorization.
Emperor Wu of Song Wudi was the emperor, and Duke Xie Lingyun was reduced to a marquis, enjoying the tax treatment of 500 households, becoming a regular servant of scattered riding and a prince left-back handsome. Xie Lingyun is extreme in nature and often violates etiquette.
The court only regarded him as a man with some literary talent, not a knowledgeable and talented politician. But he himself thinks he has the ability to participate in major state affairs. Not appreciated now, he is often wronged.
Liu Yizhen, the king of Luling, loved literature when he was young and made friends with Xie Lingyun. When the young emperor became emperor, the power was in the hands of ministers, and Xie Lingyun made mischief in the middle and vilified those in power.
Si Tuleideng Xu Xianzhi and others were afraid of him and asked him to go out and be a magistrate of Yongjia. Yongjia county has many famous mountains and beautiful water. He always likes to travel everywhere, because he is excluded, so he travels freely and has traveled to almost every county. Every time he travels, he spends ten days at a time, regardless of the lawsuits of ordinary people.
Wherever Xie Lingyun went, he wrote poems and expressed his feelings. After only one year in the county, I was told that I was sick and left.
His cousins Xie Hui, Xie Yao and Xie Hongwei all wrote to dissuade him. Xie Lingyun didn't listen at all.
Xie Lingyun's grandfather and father are buried in Boning County, where his old house and villa are located. So it was automatically changed to the native place of Huiji County, where houses and manors were built. In front of his residence, a bird's eye view of the beautiful water around the city and the towering mountains on his back is extremely deep and quiet.
He and the hermits Wang Hongzhi and Kong Chunzhi. I had a good time and often plan to stay here for more than a year. Every poem of his spread to Beijing, regardless of the level, was copied, and the government and the people knew it overnight.
People from far and near adored him, and his reputation shocked the capital. Emperor Wen proclaimed himself emperor, Xu Xianzhi and others were killed, and Xie Lingyun was transferred to the secretary supervisor. Being summoned twice, Xie Lingyun ignored it.
Wendi sent Guanglu doctor Fan Tai to write a letter of praise to Xie Lingyun, and he took office. Wendi asked him to sort out the books of the secretary's province and fill in the missing places, and because there was no complete history book in the Jin Dynasty, he asked Xie Lingyun to write a book of Jin. He wrote a rough outline, but the book was not written after all.
Soon, he was promoted to assistant and summoned every morning and evening, which was very popular with Emperor Wen. Xie Lingyun's calligraphy is unique. At that time, he copied every composition by himself. Wendi called his writing and ink two treasures.
Since he is a celebrity, Xie Lingyun feels that he should participate in state affairs. When summoned, he promised himself, but after being summoned, Wendi only regarded him as a scholar. Every time I drink with Wendi Deng, Wendi Deng just asks him to talk about poetry.
Wang Tanshou, Yin and others, their reputation has been under him, and they are spoiled at the same time. Xie Lingyun refuses to accept, often saying that he is sick and does not go to court. He just built ponds, planted flowers and trees, transplanted bamboo and fiddled with herbs. He drove away people who worked hard for the country, which was almost endless. Go out to play, sometimes walk 160 miles a day, and often don't come back for ten days, without asking for instructions or asking for leave.
Wendy didn't want to hurt the minister, so she suggested that he resign voluntarily. Xie Lingyun later declared that he was ill, and Wendi asked him to take a vacation and return to the East.
Before he left, he went to another concert to persuade Wendi Deng to explore the north. The article said: Since the fall of the Central Plains, the people have been in the hands of the enemy for more than 100 years and have been ruled by foreigners. SHEN WOO, the wise first emperor, sympathized with the sufferings of the people in the Central Plains. He hoped to destroy Hebei, unify China, set the Central Plains right and return the adherents to China.
But luck turned, the great cause was not achieved, the ideal was not realized, and the first emperor died with regret. Besides, shortly after the first emperor was buried, the Japanese invaded. Who doesn't want to get excited and avenge their country? However, when the emperor was young, the ruling minister was mediocre, only creating chaos in the court, ignoring the entrustment of the first emperor in the court.
So the border town fell, and no one wanted to help. People loyal to the country were captured by the enemy, and the great rivers and mountains in the Yellow River valley finally fell. These occupied territories were all opened by the former emperors. After the enemy falls, the shame of the country should be washed away. Now we should be ready to do the work. Besides, the people in enemy-occupied areas are poor and miserable, and the enemy's tax collection is endless. If people do not pay taxes on time, they will be slaughtered.
If he can't save his life, the whole family will be implicated and the villagers will suffer. These are indeed very painful and indignant to kind people.
Some people say that the enemy in the west leaves Gansu and the enemy in the east goes north, so our army can take the opportunity to cover the attack. After the return of the enemy on the western front, our army can surround Xianyang according to relevant regulations, and the enemy's retreat has been broken. Even if we have to send troops to support, we can only attack our army near distant big cities, so that we can deal with it internally and externally. But at this time, our army has a deep mountain pass as a guard, which is basically impregnable, even if the enemy wants to reinforce.
5. What important position does Xie Lingyun occupy in the history of literature? Xie Lingyun was born in a famous family and had a negative talent, but his career was bumpy.
In order to get rid of his political troubles, Xie Lingyun often makes waves and creates miracles. Most of Xie Lingyun's poems describe the places he has been to, such as Yongjia, Huiji and Peng Li's natural scenery and places of interest.
Although there are many famous sentences in Xie Lingyun's poems, there are few good sentences throughout. Most of his poems are about scenery and metaphysics, and there are still the tails of metaphysical poems.
Nevertheless, Xie Lingyun's creation greatly enriched and developed the realm of poetry, making the description of landscape independent from metaphysical poetry, thus reversing the style of metaphysical poetry since the Eastern Jin Dynasty and establishing the status of landscape poetry. Since then, landscape poetry has become a genre in the history of China's poetry development.
6. Who is Xie Lingyun? Xie Lingyun (385 -433), a native of Huiji, Zhejiang Province, was originally Xie's family in Chenjun. Posthumous title "Ke", the grandson of Xie Xuan, a famous soldier in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was called "". He also attacked Gong to thank Kang Gong and Xie. A famous landscape poet in Liu and Song Dynasties was the pioneer of the landscape poetry school in the history of China literature. The main achievement lies in landscape poetry. Since Lingyun, landscape poetry has become a major school in the history of China literature. China, a poet in Southern Dynasties and Song Dynasty. Chen Jun was born in Yang Xia (now Taikang, Henan). Born in Huiji Huining (now Shangyu, Zhejiang). Because he was fostered in the Du family in Qiantang since childhood, he was named Ke. Because he was the grandson of Xie Xuan, he was named Le Kang in the Jin Dynasty, so he was also called Xie. At the end of the Jin Dynasty, he served as General Langya, the secretariat of Yuzhou, and the Northern Emperor Taiwei. After entering the Song Dynasty, due to Emperor Wu of Song's policy of restraining gentry, he was demoted to a leisure time and served as a magistrate of Yongjia and a secretariat of Linchuan. In the 10th year of Yuanjia (433), he was killed by Song Wendi (Liu Yilong) for "treason". Xie Lingyun was born in a famous family and was brilliant, but his career was bumpy. In order to get rid of his political troubles, Xie Lingyun often makes waves and creates miracles. Most of Xie Lingyun's poems describe the natural scenery and places of interest in Yongjia, Huiji and Peng Li, where he went to chop down Cui Fei and block Sedan chicken. Among them, there are many natural and fresh sayings, such as "Spring grass grows in the pond and willow turns into songbirds" ("going upstairs in the pond"); Write autumn colors: "The wild sand shore is clean, the sky is high and the autumn moon is bright" ("First visit to the county"); Write the winter scenery "the bright moon shines on the snow, and the north wind is strong and sad" ("Year of the Year"). Describe the natural scenery from different angles and give people beautiful enjoyment. Although there are many famous sentences in Xie Lingyun's poems, there are few good sentences throughout. Most of his poems are about scenery and metaphysics, and there are still the tails of metaphysical poems. Nevertheless, Xie Lingyun's creation greatly enriched and developed the realm of poetry, making the description of landscape independent from metaphysical poetry, thus reversing the style of metaphysical poetry since the Eastern Jin Dynasty and establishing the status of landscape poetry. Since then, landscape poetry has become a genre in the history of China's poetry development.
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Tell me what I know.
Do you know Li Bai's Dream of Ascending to Mount Tianmu? There is a saying that "Xie Gong is still there", and Xie Gong refers to Xie Lingyun. Like a hermit, he likes mountains and rivers very much, and then he began to write poems about mountains and rivers. Later, he combined it with Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems. Many times, he mentioned that it should be related to nature such as mountains and rivers.
I hope I can help you. Thank you o (∩ _ ∩) o.
7. The usage and significance of the function word "Gai" in classical Chinese. Where the classical Chinese appeared, it was left by my ancestors and covered with thorns. Since then, it has been my first monarch. -"Zuo Zhuan Xiang Gong Fourteen Years"
Another example: thatch cover (thatch cover)
Umbrella [umbrella]
Today, princes and nobles are under heavy houses. When they go out, they take advantage of the weather. The wind blows and the rain covers the house. Everything that worries them about suffering is ready. -Su Song Shi, "Teaching to Fight and Defend"
And the shapers, such as the cover, the flag, the tower, the doll's language, the thousand spring trees, the jagged distance, the bridge and the continent, are intermittent, intermittent and fall in love at first sight, so there are really painters who can't draw. -Ming Yuan Keli's "Jiazi's Midsummer Ascending to the Middle Building to View Haicheng"
But there is a pale head and a cover to protect it. Why?
It is also important to cover the sun with a cover. -Ming Gu Yanfu's "Country Wedding Photos"
hood
It is not a story that the county commandant got Zhang, supported him and cleared the way before he acted. People in the city are proud of it. -Shao Qing Heng Chang's "The Draft of Qing Dynasty"
There is a loquat tree in the yard, which was planted when my wife died. Now it is as graceful as a cover. -Ming Gui Youguang's Ji Xiang Proclamation
Another example: hood bow (car hood bow. An arched wooden frame supporting the hood of an ancient car)
The lid of a container [lid; Cover]
The staff is eight feet in diameter, covered and lifted, and looks like a wine statue. -"Zhang Hengchuan"
Its teeth are cleverly made, all hidden in respect, and its coverage is endless. -"Zhang Hengchuan"
Another example is: pot cover; Box cover; Engine hood; Camera lens cover; Narrow-mouth bottle cap; Cover cup (teacup with lid)
Rake: An agricultural tool used for soil preparation. Such as: cover grinding (that is, grinding). Farm tools used to level the land)
Pass "he" (hé). door leaf
And then I was followed by nine covers. -"Xunzi Youzuo"