Ouyang Zi was reading at night when he heard a voice coming from the southwest. He was horrified and said, "What a surprise!" " At first, it dripped with Xiao Sa, but suddenly it rushed and bumped, such as night terrors in stormy waves, and the wind and rain suddenly came. It touches things, jingles, and gold and iron ring; Another example is a soldier, walking towards the enemy, scurrying with a medal in his hand, not listening to orders, only hearing the voices of people and horses. To the young man: "What's that noise? You watch. "
The boy said, "The stars and the moon are bright, the Ming River is in the sky, and the trees are silent." I said, "alas! Why do you come here to listen to the sound of autumn? Gai Fuqiu's behavior is also like this: its color is dim and smoke gathers; Its capacity is clear, the sky is high and the sun is shining; Its qi is bitter and bitter, which makes people bones and muscles; Its meaning is gloomy, and the mountains and rivers are lonely. Therefore, it is also a sound, sad and urgent, calling for anger.
The grass is lush and the wood is lush and pleasant; Grass changes color when brushed, and wood falls off when touched. The reason why the scattered people were destroyed was because they were fierce in anger. Criminal officer, then Yin; Like soldiers, using gold in the line is the loyalty of heaven and earth, and often takes killing as the heart.
Heaven is to things, spring gives birth to autumn, so it is also to music, and business voices dominate western voices, which is easy to be the law of July. Business, injury, old sadness; Easy, kill life, kill it if you have more than enough. "
"ah! The vegetation is ruthless, and sometimes it falls. Man is an animal, but he is the spirit of all things; Worry about its heart and do its shape; If you move in the middle, you must shake its essence. And the situation is beyond its power, worrying about its wisdom; Those who are suitable for the world are trees, and those who are black are stars.
Why compete for glory with non-stone quality vegetation? I don't hate the sound of autumn when I think of who is a thief! "Young man, blue head, sleep. But when I hear insects singing on the four walls, I sigh when I help them.
2. Translation
Mr. Ouyang (Ouyang Xiu claims to study at night) heard a voice from the southwest (suddenly) and said, "Strange!" At first, it sounded like the sound of rain, mixed with the rustle of the wind blowing trees, and then it suddenly became surging, like the rising waves of the river at night, and the wind and rain suddenly came.
The storm came suddenly. When touching an object, it makes a clang, and the golden armor makes a sound; It's like attacking the enemy, running around with medals, but you can't hear any calls, only the sound of people marching. I said to the boy, "What's that noise? Go out and see. "
The boy replied, "the moon star shines, the moon star shines, and the vast galaxy hangs high in the sky, and there is no sound around." It came from the Woods. " I sighed, "alas, what a pity! This is the sound of autumn. Why did you come (suddenly)?
Probably like that autumn: its color is dim and smoke is filled; Its appearance is fresh and clear, the sky is crisp and the sun is shining; Its climate is biting cold; Its artistic conception is lonely and cold, the stream is silent and Shan Ye is empty. Therefore, when it makes a sound, it is sad and sincere, the call sign happens quickly, the green grass is dense and abundant, and the trees are lush and refreshing.
Brush the grass, the grass will change color; If you skim the forest, the trees will lose their leaves. It can break branches and leaves, wither flowers and trees, which is the afterglow of a mixed gas (autumn air) that constitutes everything in the world. Autumn is the season for criminal officials to enforce the law, which belongs to yin in season; Touching an object will make a clang, and the five elements belong to gold.
This is often said that heaven and earth are strict, and cold is often the will. Nature wants everything to grow in spring and bear fruit in autumn. Therefore, autumn is the commercial sound in the five tones of music. Shang Sheng is the voice of the West, and Yi is the name of the July melody. Hurt, which means' hurt', makes everything sad when you are old.
"Yi" means killing, which means that vegetation should decline after its heyday. ""alas! Vegetation is a heartless thing, or it will rot and fall apart. Man is an animal and the most spiritual of all things. Endless worries tormented his mind, and numerous trivial troubles exhausted his body. As long as the heart is touched by foreign objects, it will definitely shake his spirit.
What's more, I often think about things that I can't do by myself and worry about problems that my wisdom can't solve? Naturally, his ruddy face will become old and haggard, and his black hair (prime of life) will become gray (old). Why do you want to fight for Rong Sheng with a body that is not a stone like a vegetation?
(People) should carefully consider who has done so much harm to themselves, so why do you hate this autumn sound? "No response, bowed their heads and fell asleep. I only heard insects chirping on the four walls, as if echoing my sigh.
3. Dynasty
Northern Song Dynasty
Extended data 1, creative background
This poem was written in the fourth year of Song Renzong Jiayou (1059), when the author was 53 years old. In his later years, although the author's official career has always been smooth and prosperous, he is in a high position, but the long-term political struggle has also made him see the complexity of the world and gradually forget the fame and fortune. Looking back on the past, I was repeatedly relegated, and my inner pain was hard to get rid of.
In the face of the filth and darkness inside and outside the imperial court, it is inevitable to feel depressed when the country is weakening and there is no hope for reform. The author's depression about the political and social situation, his ruthlessness and sentimentality about the brevity and maximization of life made him in a depressed period at this time. Therefore, he is particularly sensitive to the seasonal sense of autumn, and Ode to Autumn Sound was created under this background.
Step 2 enjoy
Taking Autumn Sound as the introduction, the full text expresses the sadness of vegetation being destroyed by the wind, and extends to people who are more vulnerable to worries and sleepy thoughts, lamenting that "all kinds of worries feel their hearts and everything is tangible", which is also the author's own understanding of life. The full text is novel in conception, beautiful in language and changeable in composition, which combines scenery, lyricism, notes and discussion, showing the charm of free writing and prose.
3. Introduction to the author
Ouyang Xiu (65438+August 20071-1September 22, 072), whose real name is Yongshu, was born in Yongfeng, Jizhou (now Yongfeng County, Ji 'an City, Jiangxi Province), and was a politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. Because Jizhou originally belonged to Luling County, it called itself "Ouyang Xiu of Luling".
Posthumous title Wenzhong, a bachelor of Hanlin, a deputy envoy of the Council and a political adviser, is called Ouyang Wenzhong. Tired of giving a surname and a duke of Chu. Together with Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Su Shi, Su Xun, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong, they are called "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties", and together with Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Su Shi, they are called "Four Masters through the ages".
Ouyang Xiu loved ancient Korean and Liu prose since childhood. Later, when he wrote ancient prose, he followed the example of Han and vitamin, but he didn't blindly worship ancient prose. He absorbed the literary talent of Han and Liu's ancient prose, but abandoned their strange interest and metaphysical tendency.
At the same time, Ouyang Xiu did not completely deny the artistic achievements of parallel prose, but also praised Yang Yi and others for their "erudite writing and powerful free writing". In this way, Ouyang Xiu not only corrected the bias of Liu Kai and Shi Jie in theory, but also corrected some shortcomings of Han and Liu's ancient prose, which established the correct guiding ideology for the poetry innovation in the Northern Song Dynasty and opened up broad prospects for the development of ancient prose in the Song Dynasty.
In his early years, Ouyang Xiu studied the prose of Zhuanli and studied Korean carefully in order to take the exam, which laid a good foundation for the future writing of ancient Chinese. After he met in Luoyang, he consciously learned from Yin the concise and accurate techniques of ancient Chinese, mainly ancient Chinese, but also paid attention to the diversification of forms.
Ouyang Xiu's attitude towards writing is extremely serious, and he often revises it repeatedly before finalizing it. His profound knowledge and hard practice have made outstanding achievements in his prose creation.
Ouyang Xiu's prose is rich in content and diverse in forms. Whether it is discussion or narration, it is to do something and feel it. Some of his argumentative essays were directly related to the political struggle at that time. For example, in his early years, he co-authored the book "Advice" with Gauss, exposing and criticizing Gao Ruo's despicable behavior in politics. He is clear about right and wrong, honest and stern, and full of political passion.
Another example is the theory of cronies written in the Qing dynasty, which clearly puts forward the argument that "a villain has no friends, but a gentleman has them", which strongly refutes the fallacy of political enemies and shows the great integrity and extraordinary courage of innovators.
In the study of Confucian classics, Ouyang Xiu's study of Chunqiu has unique views. As a pioneering work, epigraphy compiled thousands of epigraphy artifacts and inscriptions from the Zhou Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and wrote more than 400 volumes in ten volumes, referred to as Jigulu, which is the earliest extant epigraphy work.
In historiography, Ouyang Xiu has made great achievements in historiography. He not only participated in the revision of the 250 volumes of the Book of the New Tang Dynasty, but also wrote the History of the Five Dynasties (the New History of the Five Dynasties), summarizing the historical experience of the Five Dynasties, in order to play a warning role. Ouyang Xiu's calligraphy is also world-famous, and his calligraphy is deeply influenced by Yan Zhenqing. Zhu Yue said, "Ouyang Gong works for others, and if he is a layman, he will be strong."
In agronomy, Ouyang Xiu visited all over the world, made a detailed investigation and summary on the cultivation history, planting techniques, varieties, flowering period and flower viewing customs of Luoyang Peony, and wrote a book, including Inflorescence and Explanations of Flower Customs. This book lists 24 kinds of peony, which is the first peony monograph with important academic value in history.
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