The first thing to clarify here is that Su Dongpo's "Red Cliff" is not the red cliff of Battle of Red Cliffs in the Three Kingdoms period, but a red nose rock famous for its natural red cliff near Huangzhou. The former is about 200 kilometers west of here. Su Dongpo saw the scenery in Chibi and wrote these three outstanding works by name. Therefore, some scholars later called it "Wen Chibi", before which there was "Wu Chibi". I have read a lot of comparisons and comments about these three works recently, which is quite interesting. Summarize a few clips to share with you. Nian Nujiao ... Nostalgia for Red Cliff and Fu on the Former Red Cliff are both works that describe the scenery of Red Cliff and cherish the memory of historical figures related to Red Cliff. However, if we carefully taste these two works, we will find that they have similarities and differences.
"Niannu jiao? The first part of "Red Cliff Nostalgia" focuses on scenery. The first sentence, "River of No Return", is about a long river surging towards the sea. The scene is grand and the momentum is unrestrained. Then write the scene of the ancient battlefield in Chibi. Write rocks first, abrupt and uneven, towering into the sky; The second time I wrote about the stormy waves, the water surged and hit the river bank, and the sound was like thunder and the momentum was like running a horse. Finally, write waves, from far and near, layer upon layer, like jade and snow, surging in. The author writes about scenery and objects with great momentum, showing a bold and unrestrained style. It paved the way for the emergence of the hero Zhou Yu below and played an excellent rendering role.
The scenery of Qianchibi Fu is very different. After explaining the time, place, people and activities of the night tour, the author wrote the scenery. The poet was boating on the river. It was early autumn. The autumn wind blew away the annoying summer heat. The surface of the river is calm and calm. The poet writes a letter with a pen, and his mood is relaxed and natural. After the poet wrote a poem about drinking with the guests, he wrote about the river view of Chibi after sunrise: white fog floating on the wide river, under the bright autumn moon, the water and sky on the river are connected, crystal clear. The river scenery under the autumn night and the moon described by the poet embodies the poet's carefree and free state of mind.
As for the characters, the word Niannujiao reminds me of Zhou Yu, the winner of Battle of Red Cliffs. What is remembered in "Former Red Cliff Fu" is his defeated Cao Cao. Su Dongpo wrote Zhou Yu here, which is the most admirable. First, it is described from the side, with the beauty of "sinking fish and falling geese, closing the moon and feeling ashamed of flowers" as the protagonist, with infinite charm; Write a portrait, "heroic. Feather fan nylon towel ",charming; Finally, write demeanor, face strong enemies, and talk and laugh. He wrote Zhou Yu's Confucian demeanor, courage and wisdom from different angles ... He rendered Zhou Yu as a winner in this way because he was young and promising, and made contributions to the ancients. His achievements reflected his frustration in adversity, his ambition was hard to stretch, and he retired after his success, which prepared for the lyric behind him. Therefore, there is a saying in the ancients that "the word is red cliff, but the heart is actually made." Zhou Yu is a guest, he is the Lord, and the Lord is a guest. "In Fu, Su Dongpo remembers Cao Cao who was defeated by Zhou Yu.
He first wrote about his overwhelming all-round attack. The second time, I wrote that there were many troops and great momentum. "Thousands of miles fly, flags fly." Write again about Cao Cao's arrogant attitude,
"Drinking near the river and writing poems horizontally" is really a hero in the world. After trying to bring Cao Cao's momentum into play, he said, "Are you safe now?" Yes! Cao Cao, who regarded the world as nothing, was "trapped in Zhou Lang" and "swept away by the waves", not to mention exiled. So, I issued a sigh of "mourning for his life and admiring the infinity of the Yangtze River"!
In addition, Su Dongbo used this word to express his feelings, but in a different tone.
In the poem, Su Dongpo dedicated his pen to Zhou Yu. He wrote his heroic spirit of romantic and elegant, calmly defeating the enemy with strong colors, and praised his exploits and achievements. () This leads to the feeling and regret that there is no way to serve the country and the ambition is hard to pay. . Therefore, there is a sigh of "premature birth" and "life is like a dream". However, he is broad-minded and optimistic after all. "Life is like a dream" is just a fleeting thought. In the end, he was the author of "A Moon", who drank wine to worship the moon, expressed his admiration for ancient heroes, and even showed his strong heart and lingering ambition. Although depressed, he is optimistic, broad-minded and high-spirited.
In Fu, Su Dongpo went boating in Chibi on a moonlit night, enjoying the autumn waters of the moon and feeling relaxed and happy. However, listening to the flute and missing the ancients is sad because of Shui Yue; Finally, through some philosophical thinking, he got rid of the trouble of "mourning his life". Sublimate your thoughts, turn from sadness to joy, and enjoy drinking. This poem also reflects the writer's relegation and exile, the depression of the top gun and the broad-minded optimism, but compared with ci, it is not magnificent and heroic, but it is deep and profound. No matter in Ci and Fu, the poet wrote his own depression after being relegated, but he finally got rid of it, which fully reflected Su Shi's thought of "Confucianism outside and Taoism inside".
Three months after the completion of this word, Su Dongpo revisited his hometown and wrote "Post-Red Cliff Fu". These two poems reflect the change of his ideological realm.
The former is limited to the ship, and the latter is mainly written on the shore; The word "autumn" is written in the front ("the breeze is Xu Lai, and the water waves are still"). Write the winter scenery in the post-fu sentence ("first frost dewdrops, all leaves fall"); Qian Fu mainly talks about metaphysics, reasoning and vivid argumentation ("… is infinite to me, so why envy it?" ), the post-fu focuses on narrative scenery to express feelings ("the mountain is high and the moon is small, and the truth comes out. The geometry of the sun and the moon, the mountains and rivers are unrecognizable "); The former fu contains grief and indignation, and the latter fu ends with a romantic dream, which is slightly ethereal. The former fu "quoted music from the word' le'"; Reply to "fantasy, sighed by the word' music'." Relatively speaking, the post-fu is more difficult to really understand than the former fu, because "the post-fu is more focused on the creation of artistic conception, and its writing is subtle and profound, which may be slightly better than the question and answer about' makeup' in the former fu." At the same time, the author has the idea of wandering immortals but feels nothingness, which reflects his ambivalence on the issue of being born and entering the WTO. "Wutai Poetry Prison", the lesson is biting, and people's hearts are speculative, so we can't talk nonsense. Su Dongpo is also a Confucian, Taoist and Buddhist. He deeply felt that there were some things that ordinary people could not understand. The former fu is not "light to show people", and the latter fu is even more difficult to understand. This kind of "music" is originally a pleasure in suffering, which temporarily relieves inner depression through mountains and rivers. In a word, Qian Fu expounds the philosophical thought of change and invariance at the end, stating that everything in human beings exists forever, showing an optimistic attitude towards life and an open-minded attitude in denial. Then Fu was written in a trance-like and thrilling way at the end, exposing the negative attitude towards fertility. In this regard, Hou's ancient prose comment said: "Although Qian Fu has entered the realm of enlightenment, he has not yet become an immortal. It is true that the post-fu is immortal. "
Appendix "Niannujiao-Red Cliff Nostalgia" original text. (Note: The text in brackets is used for another version. ) The original of "Fu before and after Chibi"
Yearning for Nujiao —— Nostalgia in Chibi
The surging river flows eastward, and those heroes of the past are gone forever. To the west of the old base, there is a rich collection of people: Chibi, Zhou Lang, where the three countries stand. Rock surprises (clouds collapse), waves break the shore and piles of snow roll up. The majestic rivers and mountains are picturesque, and many heroes emerge at once. Looking back on Zhou Yu's spring breeze era, young and beautiful Joe just married him, and he was full of heroic spirit. Feather fan nylon scarf, talking and laughing (strong Lu) ashes. I am wandering in the battlefield today. I feel a feeling heart and give birth to white hair prematurely. Life is like a dream, sprinkle a glass of wine to pay tribute to the bright moon on the river.
Qianchibi Fu
In autumn, on July 16th and 16th, Su Shi and his friends went boating in Chibi. The breeze blows gently and the water can't reach the surface. Raise wine for guests, recite the bright moon and sing graceful articles. Not long after, the moon rose from Dongshan, hovering between the Big Dipper and the cow. Milky white fog across the river, clear water. Let the boat float on the boundless river and cross the boundless river. Vast as the wind in Feng Xu, I don't know where it ends; Floating like an independent world, feathering into a fairy. At this time, he was very happy to drink, slapping the ship's rail with his hand and singing. The song says: "Gui Gui is like a blue paddle, striking the sky and tracing the streamer. I am pregnant, and I hope that beauty is on one side. " Guests have oral sex and rely on songs to make peace. Its voice is whiny, like resentment, like crying; The sound is endless. It can make the dragon dance in the deep valley and make the widow in the lonely boat cry. Su Shi's face was sad and sad, so he sat up in a corner and asked the guest, "How do you know?" ? "The guest said," There are few stars on the moon, and blackbirds fly south. Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde? Looking at Xiakou in the west and Wuchang in the east, the mountains and rivers are misty and gloomy. Isn't this because Meng Zhizhi was trapped in Zhou Lang? Fang Qi broke Jingzhou and went down to Jiangling, downstream to the east. He was thousands of miles long, wearing a flag, drinking wine and singing poems across the river, and became a hero in the world. Now, where is he? My son and I are fishing on the river, making friends with fish, shrimp and elk, keeping a boat and keeping bottles for each other. It's a drop in the ocean to send a mayfly into the earth. Mourn a moment in my life and admire the infinity of the Yangtze River. Fly with the flying fairy, hold the bright moon, and grow up. Knowing that it is impossible to get it suddenly, I hate it. "Perilla said," do you know her husband's water and the moon? The deceased is like this, but he has never been there; If you are full of emptiness, the dead will not ebb and flow. Gai must view it from its changers, then heaven and earth can't be in an instant; If we look at it from its unchanging point of view, then things are infinite to me, but why envy them? Besides, between heaven and earth, everything has its own owner, not mine, so I will take it for nothing. However, the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains are wonderful to hear and beautiful to meet. That is the creator's endless hiding place, and my son and I are in the right place. " So the companion smiled happily, wiped the cup clean and poured another one. All the vegetables and fruits have been eaten, leaving only the cups on the table in a mess. Sleeping on the boat, hugging each other, I know the horizon has turned white. Houchibifu
This is the hope of October, I will go to Lingao from Tang Xue, and the second guest will never go to Osaka in Huangni. When frost and dew fall, the leaves of trees fall off. The figure is on the ground and sees the moon. Take good care of it. Sing and answer. I once lamented: there are guests without wine, wine without food, and the moon is white and clear. What is such a good night? The guest said: At dusk today, you can catch a fish with a huge mouth and fine scales in Songjiang, which looks like a bass. How about the wine in Gu 'an? I went back to my wife, who said, "I've been fighting for wine and hiding it for a long time, just for fear that my son would need it!" " So I swam to the red cliff with wine and fish. The river is noisy, and the shore breaks thousands of feet; The mountain is high and the moon is small, and the truth comes out. Once the sun and moon geometry, Jiangshan can no longer recognize it! In wearing clothes, walking stones, wearing velvet, living in tigers and leopards, climbing dragons, climbing storks' dangerous nests and overlooking the secluded palace in Feng Yi; You can't cover two guests at will. However, the long whistle, the vibration of vegetation, the sound of mountains and valleys, the surge of wind and water are also silent, awe and fear, they can't stay! Instead, get on the boat, let it flow and stop it. It will be half past midnight, and I will be lonely. There is a solitary crane, coming from the east of Hengjiang River, with wings like wheels and mysterious clothes, suddenly ringing, swept to the ship and swept to the west. The guest left, gave it and fell asleep. I dreamed that a Taoist priest, covered with feathers and dancing with fairies, passed by Lingao and said, "Is it a pleasure to swim in Chibi?" "Asked his name, don't answer. Whoo-hoo! All I know is that those people who flew past me last night were not children, were they? The Taoist priest smiled and was shocked. Open an account and have a look. I can't see it.