oracle bone script
Jin Wentai dazhuan
Small/small seal characters
Brief introduction of official script
Commemorative manuscript
Run script
This kind of grass
Weibei kaishu
Running script/script
Running script/script
The fonts are arranged roughly in chronological order, but calligraphy summarizes history and is divided into five fonts, including five institutions, namely:
Seal script-including Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, seal script and seal script.
Scribes-including bamboo and silk books
Jane (Qi)
Cao Weibei
Line-including Cao Zhang, today's grass and weeds.
Song Kuangcao, the invention of movable type printing, is due to a special printing font-Songti.
Almost as many fine arts fonts are gradually invented in modern times.
1 Oracle Bone Inscriptions
Mainly refers to the Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Yin Ruins, also known as the word "Wang Ba Tan" in Yin Ruins. "Nourishing yin and invigorating qi is the writing of Shang Dynasty, engraved on tortoise bones. In the late Shang Dynasty (BC 14 to BC 165438), tortoise shells and animal bones were carved (or written) with characters, and the pictophonetic characters of Oracle Bone Inscriptions accounted for about 27% in the divination edition. Oracle Bone Inscriptions has. Carved strokes vary in hardness and thickness, and even some slender strokes are peeled off together. The structure is deep and heavy, the length and size are uncertain, or it is sparsely mixed with complex dense layers, which is thorough and solemn, and can show a quaint and colorful endless interest.
Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the size of the knot, changes complex, but there is a symmetrical and stable pattern. Some people think that China's calligraphy is strictly from Oracle Bone Inscriptions, because Oracle Bone Inscriptions has prepared three elements: calligraphy, writing and rules.
2 bronze medals
Refers to the bronze inscriptions in Yanzhou in Qing Dynasty, also known as ancient bronze inscriptions. In the bronze age of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, the musical instrument clock represented by the bronze ritual tripod was synonymous with copper.
Oracle Bone Inscriptions's strokes are thin, straight and square with different turning points, and the golden channel is full of coarse fat, bent pens and lumps. The unified characters in Qin Dynasty began to be standardized, that is, the so-called "Shu Tong" Qin standardized characters were based on characters, and the evolution of Qin Chinese characters was based on the development of ancient Li. It standardized the daily writing form of Qin He and became the "Qin" calligraphy with the same characters, which has been eliminated by six countries and is the real mainstream of Qin. According to the law of the evolution of Chinese character structure, therefore, for linguistics, the western language of Qin language is more important than the six-nation language, because it is a direct blood relative, and the six-nation language is collateral, although it influences and absorbs each other.
big seal character
In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, Chinese characters evolved into Da Zhuan and Xiao Zhuan. 2 Features: At first, the lines with uneven thickness became uniform and soft in the early days, and the very simple and bright lines were standardized and orderly, gradually leaving the prototype screen, laying the foundation that Chinese characters were more uniform than bronze lines, and the lines reached the completion level without obvious uneven thickness. Compared with Jin's neat form, almost no homonym began to get rid of the pictographic bondage, laying the foundation for a box of Chinese characters. The font is complex, the radicals often overlap, and writing is inconvenient. Drum in print, the oldest rubbings in the world, and the best they know, Song rubbings in Tianyi Pavilion Library, Wandehua, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province.
Shi Guwen font, roughly between the Zhou Dynasty and Qin Xiu, really before Qin Shihuang, the system should be a part of Zhou Shu. The font type of Xiao Zhuan is a relatively complicated and relatively small seal script, called Da Zhuan, which is a masterpiece of regular script writing. For example, Zong Zhouyi called on the whole canon to be thorough. In "Art Boat Double", Kang said: "The golden building, the clouds, do not disturb the whole cutting, the strange body is slightly flat, the calligrapher's method will also be comprehensive, the insects are similar, and the weather, stone drums and China antiques are all". Drum art is precious, but printmaking and iron research flourished in the northern song dynasty, which is the threshold of several people. Until the middle of Qing dynasty, the stone drum characters were revived in the style of archaeological statues and monuments, especially favored by calligraphers. Wu Da, get Yan Mei's code again. Wu Changshuo was angry with Qiu Jiana. Both calligraphy are male, because future generations are contemporary.
4 biographies
Also known as "Qin Zhuan", Qin Lisi ordered the unification of characters, and it was Xiao Zhuan who sent Qin. It has maintained a long side and even a circle, and evolved from the Big Seal to the Small Seal in the early stage, with a large number, which led to the development of China characters with a special position in history, thus leading to a bridge of modern ancient Chinese.
The style of Xiao zhuan
At that time, let's take a look at the style of Qin seal script, the existence of Taishan stone, "Langyatai stone carving" and a proper amount of inscriptions and other cultural relics The strokes are small, so there is a "jade column seal", which reads: "The rectangular structure is usually symmetrical, giving people a tall and beautiful feeling.
Thoughts and drifts stirred the Warring States thinkers to Stanford University. Wei Jinru made Mo, a powerful figure, undoubtedly represented Pu Mao in ancient times.
A simple book
What is a simplified book? Calligraphy from Warring States to Wei and Jin Dynasties. In short, a simple book is the "Jane" written in the article. It is written in a long and narrow shape made of bamboo and wood. Bamboo theory, bamboo slips, wooden slips and Sapporo are collectively called "bamboo slips" theory. Generally speaking, it is a variant of Han Li in Han Dynasty, which was popular in Han Dynasty. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Shu Han said that "Jian Yin" was used to improve the situation that apes and birds hesitated to cherish this book as long as they took care of Chu Xu's sentences. It can be seen that the bamboo slips of Gao Gu are not sacred or awe-inspiring, while the ancient Chinese characters are a simple and very special form.
The predecessors only left a warning instrument before the book was put into the hall; It is said that rare books are a national emergency and instruments are used to help. In fact, the first two explanations are not very accurate. What they are talking about is the purpose of this book, the difference between writing and what to do in written form. In fact, the so-called simplified Chinese characters are an art form of calligraphy, but they are relatively old.
Mr. Zhang is a famous contemporary calligrapher, who is good at simplified calligraphy. Like his personality and personality, his first letter book not only has the depth and solidity of excellent traditional culture, but also has the freshness of contemporary culture, which has handed over another dignified, majestic and elegant book of songs, Chu Ci and wisdom for the existing Qin Zhong. Appreciating his short books and shrinking every pale scale is the real eternal charm. The stone breaks the paper: "(Hua Guofeng Hui people's problem Qin eventually infected pine trees." ) you can watch it.
Basic instrument
Judging from the evolution of seal script, the strokes of the main round seal script are twice as fast, and it is difficult to draw and write on wooden slips. The definition of official script, an article by Mr. Ng Pock Too, a neighbor, "Looking at the official script of Qin and Han Dynasties from Qin bamboo slips and silks at an early date" said: "Explain it in the meaning of this word. Explain that "underlined" means "attached"
Secondly, what is the strict difference between the so-called official seal and the official seal? In the above article, there is a short passage from Mr. Wu Bantao's analysis set, which is worth considering. Wu Yun:
Xiao Zhuan's preservation of hieroglyphics has left the long-term official script of Italy, painting and human body, and even further destroyed hieroglyphics and abdomen symbols, hieroglyphics "(the cost of materials he shaped can be in the original, for example), the evolution of official script-the change of official script.
The evolution of official script is called "official change". Official script plays an important role in changing the past, cursive script and rule formation.
Official script nouns
Gu Lili
Li Qin
Han Li
Commemorative manuscript
Early cursive script. Since the Han Dynasty, Cao Zhang has evolved from cursive script. Its predecessor is grass, which is "introverted, and the upper and lower characters are independently linked."
Main differences between running script and official script strokes. Regular script, a font between cursive scripts, can be said to be cursive or cursive. It is to make up for the shortcomings of slow writing in regular script and illegible cursive script. Unlike cursive script, it is difficult to recognize the correct gesture, and it is not required to write the indulgence current in regular script. The cursive script nearby is called cursive script; Write vertically, firmly and properly, and the regular script next to it is called running script. Bixian
In the process of writing, various forms of turning and stippling are more obvious. This action of asking for the spirit is often related to the stippling between words, leaving a delicate trace, which is composed of metal wires.
cursive script
Write regular script, regular script flow. After several groups of analysis of writing regular script and running script regular script and running script characters, it is found that the words used in stippling should follow the same criteria, such as a stroke, such as centering, storing details and reversing, and the beginning of the main hidden front is the same, except for the line writing and stretching.
The pen used to run scripts has the following characteristics:
[1] Most stippling is written;
[2] The secular side is not dull; [3] Feed into Lu Feng instead of simplifying the complexity of painting;
[4] Hook, pick and pull to reinforce the dotted line;
[5] In the second round, it is not a square fold;
This grassland
Cursive script, also known as "grass", began in the late Han Dynasty. This is Cao Zhang's innovation. The strokes roll around, and the characters are tied in between, making writing simple and convenient. We should carry forward Wang Xizhi's improvement in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Ancient times failed to take different real people, and they were poor and slightly treated, and the grass was not Wang Yi. If there is a special law between the Ligusticum line and the solid, adults should change their bodies. Development of "more vertical discharge" grass
The inscriptions in the northern dynasties are collectively called Weibei inscriptions, which are characterized by vigorous brushwork and powerful fonts. The calligraphy art of Wei Bei, a model of calligraphy, is mainly divided into two categories: one is the inscription of Buddhist statues; The brushwork, composition and square swallowing of folk epitaph calligraphy in Han Dynasty are calm, diverse and beautiful.
Weibei refers to the inscriptions and calligraphy works in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The existing Weibei characters are regular script and regular script inscriptions, so these works are sometimes called "Wei Qi rubbings". Formerly known as Beibei, the Northern Wei Dynasty was established for the longest time. Later, it was used with Weibei to refer to the calligraphy works of the whole Northern Dynasty, Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi and Northern Zhou Dynasties. These inscriptions mainly appear in the form of "stone", "epitaph", "red cliff" and "statue"
1 1 italics
Known as a book, it is characterized by a true book: square and straight strokes can be modeled, hence the name. Began in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Regular script is famous, such as European Style (Ou Yangxun), Jade Style (Yu Shinan), Yan Style (Yan), Liu Ti Style (Liu Gongquan) and Zhao Style (Zhao Meng? #92 ; )
12 cursive script
On the basis of this grass, embellished with continuous words, summarize the book "Tolerance and this grass come down in one continuous line"
Grass represented by cursive script
Achievements, on the other hand, Zhang Xu and Huai Su, the representatives of the peak of calligraphy in the Tang Dynasty, discussed the seal cutting, engraving, opening or cursive writing of Chinese ancient books. Most of them are described through natural landscapes or some phenomena. Readers rely on life experience to understand and appreciate calligraphy, which is a mysterious art, especially cursive script, which is often full of passion and excitement, and readers feel emotions from the faint ink.
13。 Running script/script
Between regular script, cursive script, cursive script and cursive script, it can be said that it is to make up for the slow writing speed of regular script, and it is difficult to identify the generated cursive script, which is not as scribbled as cursive script, nor does it require regular script to be correct. The Great Wall development method is called "running grass" and "running grass".