Main entrance: three minutes into the wood
Wang Xizhi of the Jin Dynasty was a rare genius with few words. At the age of seven, he was good at calligraphy, and at the age of twelve, he was in his father's Jin Emperor.
Longlanting
When he went to the northern suburbs for sacrifice, he asked Wang Xizhi to write his message on the board and then sent workers to carve it. The sculptor cut the board layer by layer and found that Wang Xizhi's calligraphy ink had been printed into the board. He cut into the depth of three points,
Only at the bottom, carpenters marveled at Wang Xizhi's pen power and perfect calligraphy skills. His pen strength was actually impressive. [4]
Bare-bellied East Bed
Main entrance: East Bed Husband
/kloc-at the age of 0/6, Wang Xizhi was chosen as the son-in-law of Dongchuang by Chi Jian. Chi Jian has a daughter who is 28 years old and has a beautiful face. She is not married. Chi Jian loves her daughter, so she wants to choose a husband for her. She has a deep friendship with Prime Minister Wang Dao and is also an official. I heard that there are many children in her family, all of whom are talented and beautiful. one
Wang Xizhi
After the morning, I told the Prime Minister Wang about my idea of choosing a spouse. Prime Minister Wang said, "Well, my family has many children, so you can choose at home. I will agree with whoever you like. "
Ask the confidant housekeeper to bring a generous gift to the Prime Minister's house. When the children in Wang Fu heard that Qiu Xi sent someone to find her husband, they all dressed up and came out to meet each other. Looking around, one person is missing. The housekeeper took the housekeeper to the study of the East Cross Court and found a young man lying on his back on the bed near the east wall, indifferent to Qiu's search for a husband. When the housekeeper of Xi's mansion returned to the mansion, she said to Taiwei Xi, "I heard that Xi's mansion is looking for a husband, and there are more than twenty younger sons in the mansion, all vying for it. There is only one son lying on the east bed, and nothing happens. " Chi Jian said, "This is the kind of person I want to choose. Go and show me. " When Chi Jian came to Wang Fu, he saw that this man was both enlightened and elegant, talented and handsome. He got a dowry on the spot and chose him as his son-in-law. This is how the phrase "son-in-law in the east bed" came from. [6]
Xiang LAN ju ting
In the ninth year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 353), on the third day of the third lunar month, 465,438+0 people, including Wang Xizhi, Xie An and Sun Chuo, drank wine and wrote poems in Lanting, Shaoxing, and compiled them into a book. This is the famous Preface to Lanting Collection. This post is a draft with 28 lines and 324 words. Described the scene of the collection of literati at that time. Because the author had the best effect at that time, he said that he couldn't write any more later. Among them, there are more than twenty "zhi" characters, which are written in different ways. Mi Fei called it "the best running script in the world" in Song Dynasty. [7]
Call an illness and abandon an official
In March of the 11th year of Yonghe (AD 355), Wang Xizhi claimed to be ill and abandoned his official position. "To hold by wuxi migration in jinting. Build a library, plant mulberry fruits, teach children, write poems, make paintings and calligraphy, and let geese fish for entertainment. " [8] He and Xu Xun, Zhi Dun and others began to travel around the world. After settling in Jinting, calligraphy rose. His descendants are good at painting and calligraphy, and their works are hung all over the hall and study, so they are called "Huayuan Painting Hall". Later generations named the village "Huatang" and have been calling it so ever since.
Will remember and die peacefully.
In the fifth year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 36 1 year), Wang Xizhi died in Jinting (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) and was buried in Jinting Waterfall Mountain (also known as Ziteng Mountain). His fifth house in Sun Heng is Jinting Temple, and the website still exists. During the reign of Liang Datong (535-546), he inherited the tofu-dried right army shrine in front of Chien Sun's tomb.
2 Personal Achievement Editors
Calligraphy style
Wang Xizhi's Preface to the Collection of Lanting is highly praised by calligraphers of all ages and is known as "the best running script in the world". Wang Jianshan followed regular script, cursive script, all kinds of brushwork, carefully studied brushwork, imitated brushwork by hand, learned from others, prepared all kinds of brushwork, and melted into one furnace. He got rid of the style of writing in Han and Wei dynasties and became a family of his own, with far-reaching influence.
. His calligraphy is peaceful and natural, and his brushwork is euphemistic and subtle, graceful and graceful. The world often uses Cao Zhi's Ode to the Goddess of Luo: "If you are amazed, if you are graceful, if you are in Youlong, you will be glorious and autumn, and Hua Mao will be spring pine. It seems that if the moon is covered by light clouds, it will float like the wind flowing back to snow. " Praise the beauty of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy. Legend has it that Wang Xizhi practiced calligraphy hard when he was a child. After a long time, the pool water used to clean the brush turned black. Later generations commented: "Floating like a cloud, agile like a dragon", "Yue Long goes to heaven, the tiger lies in the phoenix pavilion" and "nature is natural, and abundant gods cover all generations". There are some idioms about Wang Xizhi, such as cleverness and quick marriage. The most obvious feature of Wang Xizhi's style of writing is exquisite brushwork and changeable structure.
Wang Xizhi's calligraphy has influenced bookstores from generation to generation. Ou Yangxun, Yu Shinan, Zhu Suiliang, Xue Qi, Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan in the Tang Dynasty, Yang Ningshi in the Five Dynasties, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang in the Song Dynasty, Zhao Mengfu in the Yuan Dynasty and Dong Qichang in the Ming Dynasty were all impressed by Wang Xizhi, so they enjoyed the reputation of "book saints". (Atlas data [1] [3] [9- 12])
works
Wang Xizhi's original works existed before the world, and the fine copy of Tang people has always been regarded as original works. Because of its long history and long-standing reputation, Rainbow Xi's other inks have different inferences about its engraving age. Some are called Song Copy, some are suspected to be Mi Fei Copy, and more are classified as Tang Copy. It has been recorded a lot and carved into various essays again and again. The public and private collections and circulation after the Yuan Dynasty are vivid and reliable, and their preciousness is self-evident.
Catalogue of Wang Xizhi's works
Style category
works
cursive script
Seventeen posts
Early moon post
Hanging iron
Long Tie Bao
Shangyu postal
Changfeng post
Saint's post
Flying white mail
Ping An Tie (cursive script)
Semi-cursive/running/calligraphy (China's calligraphy)
Aunt's post
Sunshine Inn in the Snow
Funeral station
handicraftsmen
Ping 'an Post (Running Script)
He Rutie
Fengchengtie
Kongshi China Railway
Cold cutting column
Far official position
Two thank-you notes
Post after rain
Autumn moon post
Duxiatie
regular script
scenery
On Music and Yi
achievement
Wang Xizhi loved calligraphy since childhood and was enlightened by his father Wang Kuang and his uncle Wang Biao. He was a good book at the age of seven. At the age of twelve, he stole the pen theory of the previous generation from his father's pillow. Wang Kuang's good deeds and official letters; Wang Kui is good at calligraphy and painting. Wang Sengqian once commented in "On Books": "Before crossing the river to the east and the right army, Wei Xiao was the best, painting was the teacher, and literature was the law of the right army." Wang Xizhi was deeply influenced by the Wangs in calligraphy since he was a child. Liu Duo, a rising contemporary calligrapher studying in the United States, once praised: "The only good word is Wang Xizhi".
Wang Xizhi studied under Mrs. Wei in his early years. Wei Shuo, who studied under Zhong You, inherited his method brilliantly. She taught Wang Xizhi's method of Zhong You, Wei's method of learning calligraphy in past dynasties, and her own calligraphy style and method. The Book Review of the Tang Dynasty said: "Mrs. Wei's books are as beautiful as flower arranging dancers. Another example is the beauty on the stage, the fairy shadow, the red lotus reflecting the water, and the blue marsh floating. " Modern Shen said: "Mrs. Wei, the scholar of Xi, is naturally influenced by it." She follows the clock method and learns from it. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the trace of Zhuan Xu beginning of spring is different from that of Mrs. Wei, so she is dissatisfied with the teacher's biography. This is the same as the books of later generations, which all started from post-learning. Once they see the tablet, they want to change their research. "You can appreciate the charming customs of the West, which are inexhaustible and deeply rooted." (On the Calligraphy of Two Kings)
Wang Xizhi is good at changing from one teacher to another. When he broke away from Mrs. Wei's calligraphy, he reached a new historical height. He once told himself this historical turning point: "it will be great to learn from Mrs. Wei's book;" And crossing the river to visit the famous mountains in the north, comparing books such as Lisi and Cao; And make a promise, see Zhong You, Liang Yu book; See Cai Yong's Three-body Book of The Book of Songs; At the meeting place with my brother, I saw Zhang Chang's Hua Yue Monument. It took me several years to learn Mrs. Wei's book. ..... I changed my teacher, and I still studied historical sites. " From this passage, we can see Wang Xizhi's experience and intention of constantly broadening his horizons, studying extensively and exploring the source of enlightenment. (Atlas data [7] [9- 13])
Wang Xizhi is ambitious and creative. He learns from Zhong You, so he can change. Zhong Shu is still turning over, and the real book is also divided. The pen is still expanding and there is a tendency for birds to soar. The so-called bell-tailed falcon wave. Wang Xizhi likes to chase with his hands, but it is easy to turn into a song and subtract momentum. The so-called right army came down with a bang. He imitated Zhang Zhi consciously. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Huaigeng once pointed out this point in the "Introduction": "It is a shame to compromise on the analysis of the bow grass; Zhong Jun's servant's profit and loss, although used to increase China, is quaint and can't be grasped. When it comes to research, it will do anything. Wang Xizhi's analysis and harmony of Zhang Zhi's cursive script, and Zhong You's official script's gain and loss and use can all be studied by two calligraphy masters. Shen said: "Wang Xizhi didn't dish mud at the feet of his predecessors, and so did painting gourds." Instead, I want to use my heart and hands to make the ancients work for me, not sticking to the past and not turning my back on the present. ".All his life, he exhausted all the brushwork of Qin and Han seal scripts in the Expo, and all of them were integrated into the real cursive script, forming the best posture of his time, bringing forth the new and opening up a new world for future generations. This is the reason why Wang Xizhi is highly regarded as "combining various laws and preparing one family".
Three anecdotes
Bamboo fan inscription
It is said that once, Wang Xizhi passed a bridge in Yin Shan. An old woman went to a charity sale with a basket of hexagonal bamboo fans. That kind of bamboo fan is very simple, without any decoration, which can't attract the interest of passers-by. It seems that it can't be sold, and the old woman is very anxious. Seeing this situation, Wang Xizhi felt sorry for the old woman, so he went up to her and said, "You can't sell this bamboo fan because there are no pictures or words on it." How about I write an inscription for you? " The old woman doesn't know Wang Xizhi. Seeing his enthusiasm, she wrote him a bamboo fan. Wang Xizhi took a pen, wrote five words on each fan and gave them back to the old woman. The old woman can't read, and she feels that his handwriting is scrawled, so she is very unhappy. Wang Xizhi comforted her and said, "Don't worry. You told the fan buyer that it was written by Wang Youjun. " As soon as Wang Xizhi left, the old woman did as he said. Collectors rushed to buy Wang Youjun's calligraphy after seeing it. A basket of bamboo fans soon sold out.
Book exchange
Wang Xizhi, a book sage, likes geese very much. He thinks that keeping geese can not only cultivate sentiment, but also learn some calligraphy theory from observing the movements of geese. Once Wang Xizhi went out to play and saw a group of beautiful white geese, so he wanted to buy them. I didn't know these geese were raised by a Taoist nearby, and I wanted to discuss with him to buy them. When the Taoist priest heard that the famous Wang Xizhi wanted to buy them, he said: If Wang Youjun can copy me a copy of Huang Ting Jing, I will give him some geese. Wang Xizhi readily agreed, which made the book a white goose.
Make up Spring Festival couplets skillfully
Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher, writes Spring Festival couplets on the door every New Year's Eve. Because his handwriting is called "the best running script in the world", many people want it and it is rare. So every year on New Year's Eve, his Spring Festival couplets are posted, and before midnight, they are secretly removed. This year, New Year's Eve came again, and Wang Xizhi still wrote the Spring Festival couplets of "double happiness, double misfortune", leaving the second half sentence. People who want to steal couplets are disappointed when they see these eight words unlucky. When he arrived in Yin Shi, Wang Xizhi made up the second half of the story, which became "Happiness never comes in pairs, but it never rains but it pours last night." Early the next morning, people who wanted to steal Spring Festival couplets were amazed and applauded. [ 16]
If you don't shy away.
Fei Songzhi, Liu Laozhi, Kou, Sima Fuzhi, Sima Liangzhi, Sima Jingzhi, Sima ... Wang Xizhi's sons Xuanzhi, Ningzhi, Huiji, Cao Zhi and Xianzhi; Sun Zizhen's, Jing Zhi. Why don't these people avoid family secrets? There is a big secret hidden here, a secret related to Sean in the Western Han Dynasty. There are 65,438+02 names in Wang Xizhi's generation, including 22 sons and nephews, 65,438+02 grandchildren, 65,438+03 great-grandchildren, 9 great-grandchildren and 4 great-grandchildren ... Chen Yinque said that these people are not shy because they are all members of Tianshidao, and this "ambition" is. Zhang Tianshi, the boss of Tianshidao, is Sean's eighth grandson. [ 17]
Taoist love
Wang Xizhi, a famous calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, reached the height of "reaching the peak". Investigate its reasons,
Preface of the Orchid Pavilion
It has a lot to do with Wang Xizhi's belief in Taoism and the unity of calligraphy and Taoism. Taoism, a native of China, has existed for a long time.
Taoist symbols. When copying Confucian classics, it must be copied by students who are good at calligraphy, but in the process of writing Confucian classics, they are unconsciously influenced by Taoist culture. Many Taoist scholars in history are famous painters and calligraphers. They are self-cultivation, proficient in Taoism, and will splash ink and put pen to paper. Wang Xizhi is a typical representative in this respect. He combined monasticism with calligraphy art, which brought out great artistic charm.
Wang Xizhi's Taoist belief has a profound family background. The Wang family is the most representative cultural gentry in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. I believe in Huang Lao's theory from top to bottom. The Book of Jin Volume Eighty Biography Fifty records that the Wangs are "proficient in books." Taoist classics recorded the story that Wang Zijin, the founder of Wang Xizhi, yearned for the spiritual emptiness of immortals and marched to the 27th Cave of Tongbai Mountain in Jinting, the north gate of Tiantai (one of the 36th caves in Taoism). "On the Hidden Husband" records: "Because of the royal family, the descendants of the world like to cultivate the art of nature and immortality."
4 historical evaluation editor
Yanyun Jr.: "Amethyst's respect is not extravagant, but it is not extravagant."
Yi Yi: "I used to have ten caos, but I lost them when I crossed the river. I often sigh that the wonderful traces will never disappear. " Suddenly I saw the first step to reply to my brother's letter, and I was radiant and returned to my previous views. "
Liang Wudi: "Wang Xizhi's calligraphy is vigorous and free, like a dragon jumping into the sky and a tiger lying on a phoenix. Therefore, it will always be a motto to cherish from generation to generation. "
Emperor Taizong: "I am eager to be hunted by my men, but this man is nothing more than that, and the rest are just trivial matters." How can I talk? "
Yu Hu: The book says:' Looking for masterpieces, Zhong and Zhang Xin are peerless, and the rest are insufficient.' There is another cloud:' My book is better than a clock, Zhang Dang resists walking, and Cao Zhang is still a wild goose.
Sun: "And (Zhong You) is good at official script, and Boying (Zhang Zhi) is especially good at cursive script, which is both beautiful and easy."
Mi Fei: "Xie An's condolence post has ancient characters, which are superior to the two kings, so it is appropriate to criticize Zi Zun's post."
5 History editing
Main entry: Biography of Wang Jinshu Xi.
The Fiftieth Biography of the Book of Jin written by Fang, Li and Chu Suiliang in Tang Dynasty is a combined biography of Wang Xizhi. This paper expounds in detail how Wang Xizhi practiced calligraphy and eventually became the only "calligrapher" in the history of China. Wang Xizhi's constant pursuit of knowledge and deep obsession with calligraphy are thought-provoking and have profound reference and educational significance.
6 family background editor
Wang Xizhi's family is one of the few giants in the Jin Dynasty. Both Wang Xizhi's ancestors, his descendants, relatives and friends are devout.
Wang Xizhi's family background
A sincere Taoist believer. At the same time, the Wang family is still a noble family, and has always attached importance to the cultivation of cultural literacy of family members. Wang Xizhi's contact with it is naturally nothing more than a case. His grandfather Wang Zheng was a businessman. His father, Wang Kuang, is the prefect of Huainan. He once advocated that Jinshi crossed the river and Jiangzuo established the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Wang Dao, Wang Xizhi's uncle, is world-famous and the prime minister of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. And his other uncle, Wang Dun, was the military commander of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Wang Langya was in power for some time in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The Jinshi family moved south to the north, while the people moved south and merged in the south of the Yangtze River. The royal family in Langya, Shandong Province, passed through Wang Lan (206 -278) and Wang Zheng to Wang Kuang (about 274 -328), and reached the Jin Dynasty (266 -3 16), where the Eight Kings Rebellion (290 -306) took place. Wang Kuang was good at sizing up the situation, imitating his ancestor Wang Lan, and lived in the south for 30 years at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Wuhu invaded Shandong, and Langya was in danger. Since 299, the rulers have been divided and the north has been fighting.
7 later generations influence editing
Wang Xizhi's calligraphy influenced his descendants. His son offered it and was good at cursive writing; Coagulation, as a grass official; Emblem,
Wang Xizhi's "Cursive Ping An Tie"
Good cursive script; Fuck it, be good at writing; Huanzhi, good cursive script; Sacrifice is called "little sage". Huang's "On the East View and Xu Lun" says: "Wang Sizi's books, Ning, Cao, Hui and Huan, have all been handed down from generation to generation, each with its own body, but different body. Condense its rhyme, practice its body, emblem its potential, rejuvenate its appearance and offer its source. " Later, descendants continued, and one of Wang's calligraphy was handed down. Wu Zetian tried Wang Xizhi's book, and Wang Fangqing, the ninth great-grandson of Wang Xizhi, presented ten volumes of The Travels of Twenty-eight People to his great-grandfather and compiled Long Live the Tian Tong Post. After Wang Sengqian, Wang Ci and Zhiwang were kings in the Southern Dynasties, regular script was created. Shi Zhiyong, the seventh grandson of Xihe, was a famous calligrapher in Sui and Tang Dynasties. During the post-war period, his descendants fell into chaos and lost their genealogy. Later generations are distributed in Shenyang, Helen and other places. Now it is known that the successors are Wang Qingkai, Wang Xiaodan and others.
Wang Xizhi's calligraphy has influenced bookstores from generation to generation. The establishment of Wang Xizhi's calligrapher status has its evolution process. Calligraphers in Taishigong period of Southern Song Dynasty said in the book list: "Han, Wei, Zhong (Yi) and Zhang (Zhi) were good at beauty, and the two kings were called English at the end of Jin Dynasty." The title of the Right Army was unparalleled at that time, and Wang Xianzhi was the highest-ranking person in calligraphy during the Song and Qi Dynasties. Concentrated on learning books from his father, he was very talented and sensitive to innovation. He transferred to Zhang Zhi and created a cursive script that runs from top to bottom. He even surpassed his father and became a saint, and he was called "two kings" with his father. Tao Hongjing in the Southern Dynasties said in On Books that "everyone in the world respects books" and that "the sea is nothing more than Mongolian Yuan and Yu Ye". What changed this situation was Liang Wudi Xiao Yan's admiration for Wang Xizhi. He changed the degree of calligraphy at that time from "Wang Xianzhi-Wang Xizhi-Zhong You" to "Zhong You-Wang Xizhi-Wang Xianzhi". In Twelve Essays on Zhong You's Calligraphy,
Huang tingjing
Yanyun Jr.: "Amethyst's respect is not extravagant, but it is not extravagant." "unsuccessful" or "not caught" is not as good as meaning. Xiao Yan's position makes his comments particularly attractive, so the public opinion is firm.
The climax of studying Wang Xizhi for the first time in history was in Nanliang, and the second time was in Tang Dynasty. Emperor Taizong highly praised Wang Xizhi, not only widely collecting Wang Shu, but also personally writing praises for the biography of Wang Xizhi in the Book of Jin. When commenting on Zhong You, he said that he was "either full of goodness or suspicious", while at the time of offering, he belittled his "calligraphy disease". As for other calligraphers, such as Ziyun, Wang Meng and Yan Xu, he said that he was "over praised". Comparatively speaking, Emperor Taizong thought that the right army was "perfect" and "eager to pursue, this man is just the rest. What can I say?" Since then, Wang Xizhi's supreme position in the history of calligraphy has been established and consolidated. Literati in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties all stayed away from the "two kings" of Jin Zong. Ou Yangxun, Yu Shinan, Chu Suiliang, Xue Qi, Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan in the Tang Dynasty, Yang Ningshi in the Five Dynasties, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang in the Song Dynasty, Zhao Mengfu in the Yuan Dynasty and Dong Qichang in the Ming Dynasty all converted to Wang Xizhi. Although the study of steles broke the scope of calligraphy research in Qing Dynasty, Wang Xizhi's position as a calligrapher remained unshakable. Although the "Book Sage" and "Ink Emperor" are suspected of being "sanctified", the famous scholars and masters from generation to generation are convinced and admired through comparison and speculation.
8 tomb site editing
After the disagreement between Wang Xizhi and the general Wang Shu, he resigned from his official position, moved to Jinting and lived in seclusion in his later years.
Wang Xizhi's tomb
He was buried here until his death. At present, Wang's heirs have built a family temple in the Qing Dynasty-Jintingguan. On the right is an antique stone workshop with the words "Wang Youjun's Tomb Road" engraved on its forehead. The valley through the stone mill is an ancient tomb road paved with dimly discernible pebbles. At the end is the tomb of Wang Xizhi.
Wang Xizhi's tomb itself is not big, and its format is similar to that of Xie 'an's tomb. It is also surrounded by a pile of bluestones, which is similar to that of Yuefei's tomb in Hangzhou. There is a big monument in front of the tomb, engraved with the full text of Preface to Lanting. The monument is somewhat weathered and mottled, and the handwriting in many places is scattered and can only be vaguely recognized. However, the related cemetery is quite large, which is amazing.