Reference:
Evolution of Fu in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties
First, the development of Fu in Jian 'an period
Jian 'an is an era of literary consciousness, during which both poetry and prose have made unprecedented development. As far as Fu is concerned, the new achievements and developments in this period are as follows:
(1) Although there are imitations (such as plants, dishes, etc. , are imitation of seven hairs) and works describing Kyoto, palaces, utensils, etc. Like Han, the lyric works about reality are greatly increased, and the description is more delicate and elegant, but there is no disease of piling up. It mainly realized the transformation from the style of Han Fu to lyrical expression. Yi Jian Fu Jian said that "Jian 'an's famous fu is noble in spirit, rich in thoughts and profound in poets", and that "the style of Chu Ci changed, and the original fu of Han Dynasty, and Jian 'an wanted to return to Chu Ci from Han Dynasty." All these show that Jian 'an Fu has the characteristics of attaching great importance to emotion and spirit, deep ambition and long pen, and rich outline like poetry and painting.
(2) diverse styles and a wide range of subjects.
First of all, a large number of lyric poems about the scenery of Range Rover appeared in this period. Representative works include Climbing the Building, On the Stage, Ode to the Sea, etc. Pi's On the Stage and Jichuan, Liu Zhen's Li Yang, Zhi's You Guan and Fu.
This kind of Fu can be traced back to Qu Yuan's Mourning Shejiang, Ban Biao's Northern Expedition and Eastern Expedition, and Liu Yi's Year Out. On the one hand, they inherited their own experience in landscape writing, instead of writing a scene of a time and a place on a long journey, and their development was expressed in their personal feelings, feelings and ambitions by using the scenery they wrote. This is what the anti-Fu does not have. Directly open the landscape lyric fu in the late Southern Dynasties.
Secondly, there are many poems about love and marriage. These are not involved in the Fu family before. This is also the expression that Jian 'an writers are free, natural and free from the shackles of Confucianism. His works include Fu for Women and Fu for Widows.
It is also a characteristic phenomenon of Jian 'an Fu to set foot on the journey again. The reason is that there were frequent wars in Jian 'an period, and a large number of writers often fought against Cao Cao in the south. They consciously wrote down what they saw, heard and experienced. Initial requisition with verve, narrative requisition of Pi, writing requisition of Yingshang and western requisition, narrative requisition of Qin and western requisition.
Although there were Liu Xin's Early Sui Dynasty and Biao's Northern Expedition before similar works, they completely focused on military service, which was the collective original of Jian 'an Fu writers.
(3) There has been a new development in object-chanting poetry. In the Han Dynasty, the emphasis was placed on "writing things and shapes" rather than "writing aspirations", and few people had their hopes. However, the chanting of things in this period was mainly based on metaphor and sustenance, and some works reached the height of clay figurines, and things were in harmony with people. Such as planting bats, duckweeds and parrots. These excellent works directly opened the precedent of lyric fu and satirical fu in later generations.
A noteworthy phenomenon in the creation of this period is the competition of the same topic. Such as "On the Stage", both Cao Shi and his son have it; Fu has been published by RoyceWong, Chen Lin and Ying Shanghe. This is also an important manifestation of the prosperity of Cao Shi literati group.
The works of a particular writer
1, Mi Heng (173- 198), the word even, Pingyuan (Linyi) people. Today, there is a complete dedication to the parrot. As for the background of creation, novels are different from preface theory, which should be adopted. The creation was influenced by Yves Bird and Zhao Yi Poor Bird.
The artistic achievement of this poem is extremely high, and Li Bai rated it as "hard stone, every sentence wants to fly" ("Ancient Style")
2. RoyceWong
177-2 17, born in Zou County, Gaoping City, Yinshan. After Dong Zhuo's rebellion, Jizhou relied on Liu Biao to avoid chaos, which shows that he was "fluent in body rhyme" and paid little attention to it. Show death and persuade his son to surrender. Cao Cao became the prime minister's assistant and gave it to Shanhaiguan pass. In the twenty-second year of Jian 'an, Wu Zhongji died on the way.
The outstanding feature of this poem is that it is good at using scenery to contrast the author's artistic conception, and it has reached the realm of blending scenes and scenes. It can be said that the lyric fu by borrowing scenery started from this fu. Chao Puzhi's evaluation of this fu says "Gai Wei Fu is excellent", which shows its good reputation.
3. Cao Pi (187-226)
Among its poems about objects, Liu Fu has its own characteristics, just like its cloud, it is a sad work with deep feelings. It has the characteristics of "expressing emotion with regret" in Jian 'an poems. Although it is a poem about objects, it is actually lyrical and should be regarded as the best of all his works.
4. Cao Zhi (192-232)
Like his poems, his fu creation is divided into two periods. His previous works, such as Landing, Crusade to the East, Sightseeing, Entertaining Guests, Rethinking, and Seven Enlightenments, all show the author's ambition to help the world and correct mistakes. However, due to his lack of life experience, his content is relatively thin and superficial. Although he is generous, he can't say. Later, because of repeated doubts, persecution, depression, depression, grief and indignation, I was deeply touched and successful when writing.
Specific works are more distinctive in the works.
The first category, the ode to things. There are many such works, such as Farewell to Goose, White Crane and Cicada. Among them, the most distinctive are two satirical essays, Bat and Duckbill Bird.
Among them, "Bat Fu" obviously borrows a bat-shaped monster to satirize those fickle, insidious and cunning people. Its intention is self-evident. Probably alluding to Pi and Wu Zhi. It is Cao Zhi's initiative to use satirical style in chanting poems.
Ode to the kite and the sparrow is more interesting. It writes a dialogue between the kite and the sparrow. The features are as follows: ① The whole article consists of dialogues; 2 written in language, with a certain story; The language is spoken, very vivid. The basic way is inherited from Bat, which is also a satire on Pi and its minions.
The second kind of writing about the love between men and women, such as the work "Fu for Women" with the same name as Pi, is obviously superior to Zhizuo. Apart from sympathy, Pipi said, "If you think you have no children, you should go out because the ceremony is normal." Zhi Xue accused her husband of "forgetting his folly for the wedding" and "seeing the chapter with resentment and mourning the endless charity of the monarch", and his empathy was on the female side, which was deeper.
It seems that most of these works are not limited to narrating the thoughts of men and women, but have other sustenance, such as Love for Marriage, Love for ambition and Meditation, all of which symbolize the relationship between the monarch and the minister through the love of men and women. One of the most famous representatives is Ode to Luoshen, in which he wrote that after he went to Beijing, he returned to Guo Fan and passed Luochuan, where he met a beautiful woman, namely Fu Fei and Luoshen. Then he described the beauty of Luo Shen in detail with rich colors, and wrote that he and Luo Shen both yearned for the intercourse between man and God, but they both had doubts and hesitation. Finally, Luo Shen drifted away in the separation of God and light, and he was "concerned about his life" and returned disappointed.
The moving part of this poem is the part about the beauty of Luoshen in the second part, with delicate description and novel and appropriate metaphor. Such as "if you are surprised."