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Usually a name stamp is essential for a piece of work. That is to say, there is a seal with your surname, first name, or nickname, etc. This kind of seal is stamped at the end of the signature to indicate the source of the work. Usually there is only one stamp, "someone's seal", "so-and-so", or just a first name without a surname, or a pen name. In short, there is usually only one stamp. There are also people whose surname is one chapter and whose first name is one chapter, but they are very few. Works of some standards will use idle seals, which are seals that are not meant to identify the author, but are used for layout decoration. Detailed types are found in the article below. For example, the opening chapter is usually stamped on the upper left corner of the work as an overall layout decoration to break the rigid pattern of too serious works.
When you first start learning, just a name stamp is enough. Once you have learned to a certain extent, Just learn how to stamp it.
(1) Name stamp
The name stamp is used to sign the inscription. Some names are connected together and some are separated. The inscription and seal should be written with one name and one character, or one surname and one name. The name of the money is printed; the name of the money is printed with a name stamp. If the payment has a surname, a name seal can be used. If the payment does not have a surname, or if the payment is not signed, a name seal should be used to facilitate identification of the author. The ancients paid attention to etiquette when using seals; when a humble child writes to an elder, a name seal should be used; among ordinary people, a character seal should be used; when an elder writes to a humble child, a special name seal should be used. On the contrary, it will make people laugh. Zhang Daqian, a modern calligrapher and painter, believes that "square is the best shape for name stamps, and round is acceptable. If the waist is round, the natural shape is not suitable."
Name stamps are generally divided into Zhuwen (Yangwen) and Baiwen (Yangwen). Yinwen) two kinds. When there are two name seals on a calligraphy work, it is best to have one in red and one in white, and the two chapters should be of appropriate size. When multiple chapters are used at the end of the payment, the order is the name seal first, then the word and number seals.
(2) Xianzhang
Xianzhang is also called layout chapter, including leading chapter, edge seal, corner seal and waist seal.
1. Introductory Chapter
The introductory chapter is a seal stamped on the upper right side of a calligraphy work. It is also called a "conforming seal" and is carved according to the shape of the stone. Generally speaking, it is not suitable to be square, but semi-circular, rectangular, round, semicircular, gourd-shaped, natural shape, Xiao-shaped, etc. are better. Whether the initial seal should be stamped on the calligraphy work depends on the needs. If the initial seal is too neat, it needs to be "broken"; the final seal is too heavy and needs to be "upgraded"; the distribution of seals on the work is monotonous and needs to be "adjusted". This is An initial seal should be considered.
The introductory chapter can be divided into the following types according to its content:
(1) Zhaihaozhang The Zhaihaozhang passed down from generation to generation began with the jade seal of the residence of Li Miduan, Prime Minister of the Tang Dynasty. After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, this trend became more and more popular, and almost every calligrapher had a Zhai title seal. Wen Zhengming, a calligrapher of the Ming Dynasty, said: "Many of my bookstores are built on seals." Zhai names are usually called Zhai, hall, room, building, pavilion, pavilion, xuan, nunnery, etc., such as Weiqingzhai, Xuexitang, Mo Sword Room, Xiaoyin Tower, Songfeng Pavilion, Laiguan Pavilion, Shangyu Pavilion, Lotte Temple, etc.
(2) Elegant and interesting chapters are ancient auspicious sayings and phrases, many of which are full of meaning and elegant. They may be a collection of philosophical and thought-provoking idioms or aphorisms, or record your own tastes and feelings. Elegant and interesting chapters have a wide range of content and encourage people to learn, such as "carry out", "learn from the past", "bookworm", "be good at diligence", "art has no limit", "learn from the past but not learn from the past", "learn widely" , "Reading books is a pleasure", "People who love to learn will be wise", "Long-term accumulation and accidental acquisition", etc.; there are expressions of feelings, such as "relying on virtue", "clear ambition", "pure interest", "happy and healthy", "Bliss in suffering", "Cherish the Yin", "Ruzi Niu", "Jade Clean Bingqing", "Indifferent Tianqu", "Laoji Fufeng", etc.; there are expressions of the interest of pen and ink, such as "Splashing Ink", "Bi Gong", "Xiangtian", "Divine interest", "Hidden clumsiness", "Addicted to this", "Xinyu hand pursuit", "Business in the inkstone field", etc.; there are auspicious wishes, such as "fulfillment", "long happiness", "beautiful and immortal", " "Auspicious days and good times", "Life is long and prosperous", "Shuhan has longevity", "Eternal and everlasting", etc.
(3) The year stamp is used to record the age of calligraphy works, such as Jiazi, Yichou, Bingyin or 1989, 1990, 1980s, 1990s, etc. .
(4) Month number stamp Used to record the month order of calligraphy works, such as Shangchun, Ruyue, Silkworm Moon, etc.
1. Border seal
Border seal refers to the seal placed on one side of a calligraphy work, which serves to block the edge and gather energy.
2. Corner seal
The seal stamped on the corner of a calligraphy work is called a corner seal. The upper right corner is called "Yingshou", and the two lower corners are called "Yijiao". The edge seal can only be used on one side; the corner seal can be used on both sides. It closes to the corner and plays the role of "blocking the edge and sealing the corners", "filling the void" and adjusting and stabilizing the picture.
3. Waist seal
If a long calligraphy work such as a banner only has an initial seal on the upper right corner and the middle looks empty, a waist seal can be added. The content is mostly as follows The place of origin of the calligrapher can also be stamped with the calligrapher's zodiac sign. The waist seal should be smaller than the initial seal and the last name seal, and the three seals should not be stamped in a straight line.
The above-mentioned kinds of leisure seals are not "free" in fact. If the seals are properly printed, they can not only play the role of pen and ink, but also play a role that pen and ink cannot play. As modern calligrapher and painter Pan Tianshou said: "The first chapter and the corner seal, like the name seal, can echo the color changes on the picture, break up the flatness, and stabilize the balance."
< p>(3) Appreciation and Collection SealThe Appreciation and Collection Seal is a seal used by appreciators and collectors. According to reports, the collection seal also began in the Tang Dynasty and became popular after the Song Dynasty. Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty used the two characters "Zhenguan" in his own calligraphy as a series of seals, and Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty made a series of seals with the characters "Kaiyuan", both of which were used in the imperial collection of calligraphy and paintings. Later, there were many names for appreciation, such as collection, treasure, appraisal, appreciation, inspection, etc. When sealing seals for collection, the size of the calligraphy and painting should be considered, and the main thing is not to damage the words and pictures. Some collectors, in order to preserve their reputation through the ages, often destroy the picture when stamping. This should be avoided.
3. The art of sealing
The seals on calligraphy works are not stamped randomly, but have certain rules. If the seal is improperly stamped, not only will it not be the icing on the cake, but it will be self-defeating and destroy the artistic effect of the entire work. Therefore, how to seal requires serious consideration and careful consideration. In general, the following points can be grasped:
1. Appropriate size
The size of the seal should match the format of the work, and should be equal to the inscription, preferably smaller. It's okay, but it can't be larger than the inscription, otherwise it will be indecent. If the characters are small and the paper is narrow, you can use small couplets and beads to show your thoughtfulness. When two seals of different sizes are used in a work, the upper one should be smaller and the lower one should be larger to achieve stability and avoid the disadvantage of being top-heavy. If several people cooperate, the seals of several people should also be of the same size.
2. The quantity should be small
The number of seals should be odd in ancient times. There is a seal that says, "Use one instead of two, use three instead of four, and use an odd number to support the yang and suppress the yin." The number of seals should not be too many, because too many seals will cause confusion and even overwhelm the guest. If a work is digitally printed, different printing surfaces must be selected to avoid duplication.
3. Appropriate positioning
Be careful about the position of the seal. A work always has its virtual reality, density and density. If the dense areas are not compact enough, you can use seals to fill them; if the sparse areas feel empty, you can use seals to fill them in, just like moving small "weights" to make the picture even and smooth. The position of the name and font size seal at the end of the paragraph should be carefully arranged. If there is a blank space under the title, the seal should be placed under the signature; if there is no blank space, it should be left rather than right. The stamps at the end of the payment should be kept at appropriate intervals to avoid crowding and loosening. A work should bear both the introductory chapter and the corner seal, and should not be placed aside. The corner seal should be placed in the lower left corner, diagonally opposite to the lead seal.
4. Trade-off between weight and weight
As far as printing colors are concerned, red printing is lighter and white printing is heavier. For works with light and elegant ink, it is appropriate to use a red seal to keep the two in harmony; for works with a heavy ink, it is best to use a white seal to create a strong contrast between the red vermilion and the jet-black ink. If a work is printed with several seals, the printing colors should be of primary and secondary importance, that is, more vermilion and less white, more white and less vermilion, so that it is both varied and coordinated.
5. Consistent style
The style of the seal should be consistent with the style of the work. For example, a straightforward urgent seal should not be stamped on a neat and beautiful regular script work. A bold and vigorous calligraphy work should not be stamped on a graceful iron wire seal. Otherwise, it will be out of place and directly affect the artistic effect of the calligraphy work. When using leisure seals, you must not only make sure that the content is integrated with the text of the work and cannot violate it, but also pay attention to maintaining the harmony between the content and style of the seal. For example, the seal of "Motherland, Rivers and Mountains" cannot be carved into pieces, and the seal of "Heroes of a Generation" cannot be carved into pieces. Be slender and weak. And so on.