Characteristics of Liu Gongquan's Calligraphy
The characteristic of Liu Gongquan's calligraphy is that the font structure is vigorous, and every word is rigorous, giving people a meticulous feeling. The strokes are even, not monotonous, but vary a lot. The middle part is tight, which makes people feel that his calligraphy is very cheerful, rigorous and open.
Liu Gongquan was a poet and calligrapher in Tang Dynasty. His calligraphy is famous for regular script. At first, I studied Wang Xizhi's calligraphy, and later I began to read the calligraphy of celebrities in the Tang Dynasty. Then, he absorbed the strengths of Yan Zhenqing and Ou Yangxun in his calligraphy, combined with his own innovation, and created his own "six-body".
Liu Gongquan's Liu Ti gives people a very strong feeling. Later generations have the reputation of "Yan Gu" as "Liu Ti". Liu Gongquan's calligraphy is completely comparable to that of Yan Zhenqing, so people also call them "Yan Liu". At the same time, Liu Gongquan, Ou Yangxun, Yan Zhenqing and Zhao Meng are also called "four masters of regular script".
On the Characteristics of Liu Gongquan's Calligraphy
Liu Gongquan's calligraphy is characterized by vigorous and meticulous calligraphy. I just saw the following points from the art banquet mall: Liu Gongquan's regular script is vigorous, steady but not vulgar, dangerous but not strange, old but not withered, moist but not fat, harmonious in manners and full of charm. The brush strokes are even, hard and thin, with exposed edges and corners, rich and diverse, so as to avoid monotonous repetition. Most horizontal paintings are round, rigid, clear, short, thick, slender and handsome. Vertical painting is vigorous, stiff, slender, concise and firm, sharp, heavy and slightly short, kicked up and cleaned with a pen. On the whole, it is restrained and stretched, the uterus is tightened and the limbs are developed. In rigor, what you see is openness and generosity.
Liu Gongquan's works
Liu Gongquan is also a master of poetry. Scholars call him "making seven steps by yourself, making three steps by yourself". There are five Poems of the Whole Tang Dynasty and one Poem of the Whole Tang Dynasty, and his works have also been included in The Whole Tang Dynasty and Tang Poetry Addendum.
Brief introduction of Liu Gongquan
Liu Gongquan (778 -865) was born in Jingzhao Garden (now Yaozhou District, Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province), Han nationality. The younger brother of Liu Gongzhuo, the minister of war, was a famous calligrapher and poet in the Tang Dynasty. After the seven dynasties of Shixian, Mu, Jing, Wen, Wu, Xuan and Yi, the official reached the crown prince and served as the official of Hedong County, so the world was called "Liu". Xian Tong died in six years (865), aged 88, and was given to the Prince.
Liu Gongquan's calligraphy is famous for regular script, which is as famous as Yan Zhenqing, known as "Yan Liu", and also known as "four masters of regular script" with Ou Yangxun, Yan Zhenqing and Zhao Meng. Wang Xizhi, a beginner in calligraphy, later visited the famous calligraphers in the Tang Dynasty and thought that Yan Zhenqing He's calligraphy was the best, so he learned the skills of Yan Ou, and created his own "Liu Ti" between the charm of Jin people and Yan Ti calligraphy, which was famous for its strength and health, and later generations had the reputation of "Yan Gu".
The Tang Dynasty was an era of developed literature and art and artistic genius. In the field of calligraphy art alone, there are a large number of calligraphy masters such as Yu Shinan, Ou Yangxun, Chu Suiliang, Zhang Xu and Yan Zhenqing. Liu Gongquan, a calligrapher in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, is as famous as these famous calligraphers.
Liu Gongquan is a native of Jingzhao Huayuan (now Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province). His grandfather and father were court officials, and his brother was Liu Gongzhuo, a famous minister in the Tang Dynasty. Liu Gongquan likes reading and studying since he was a child, especially practicing calligraphy. It is said that he practiced calligraphy very diligently, because he held the pen tube tightly for many years, so that thick cocoons were ground on his hands; Because elbows often rub against the desktop, those clothes are worn out and patched up layer by layer.
After hard study and calligraphy, Liu Gongquan became a famous calligrapher. In the early years of Yuanhe (806), Liu Gongquan, who was nearly 30 years old, was admitted as a local official. On one occasion, Tang Muzong saw the handwriting of Liu Gongquan in a Buddhist temple. He feels beautiful and dignified, and he likes it very much. Tell him to work in Chang 'an at once.
Liu Gongquan is an honest man and is not good at pandering. On one occasion, the bohemian Tang Muzong asked Liu Gongquan how to write with a pen. Liu Gongquan seriously replied: "The correct way to write depends on your heart. If your heart is upright and dignified, the pen in your hand will naturally run correctly and achieve perfection. " Tang Muzong was ashamed to know that he was trying to convince himself with pen and ink.
During the reign of Tang Wenzong, on one occasion, several bachelors were summoned to the court by the emperor. Tang Wenzong talked to them about Wendi's frugality, so he raised his sleeves and said, "I washed this dress three times and still wear it." Many bachelors have praised the character of literate Sect. Only Liu Gongquan said nothing.
Wenzong asked him why he didn't speak. Liu Gongquan said: "The most important thing for a monarch is to appoint people with good moral character and talent and listen to their advice;" Stay away from dishonest villains and get rid of courtiers. As for wearing washed clothes, it is only a trivial matter and it is not worth paying attention to. " Hearing this outspoken comment, everyone present was afraid that Liu Gongquan would offend the emperor and lead to death. Unexpectedly, Tang Wenzong said, "I know you have the character of an remonstrator, so I appointed you as an remonstrator."
Later in the period, Liu Gongquan became a courtier of the prince, and people respectfully called him "Liu".
Liu Gongquan's calligraphy is unique. He studied Wang Xizhi's calligraphy first, then Ou Yangxun and Yan Zhenqing's. He absorbed the vigorous spirit from Yan-ti characters, combined with the angular characteristics of Beibei fonts, and created a refreshing and beautiful regular script font called "Liu-ti". Liu Ti's font is as detailed as Liu Gongquan's, full of iron and blood. Critics call his words "Yan Gu" and "Yan Ti Zi".
Because of Liu Gongquan's profound calligraphy attainments and far-reaching reputation, the nobles, dignitaries and foreign envoys at that time spared no expense to ask him for words. Or the ministers set up a monument in the temple at home, and asked Liu Gongquan to write an inscription in person so that the inscription could be engraved. If the word Liu is not engraved on the tablet, it will be regarded as unfilial. The great influence of Liu Gongquan's words at that time can be seen.
Like other artists, Liu Gongquan was completely immersed in the art of calligraphy and paid little attention to secular affairs. He wrote for the royal family all the year round and got countless money and gifts. The servant at home saw that he didn't pay attention to financial management and stole a lot. One day, Liu Gongquan happened to find a basket of silverware missing, so he interrogated the servant in charge. The servant pretended not to know anything, and Liu Gongquan stopped pursuing it. He just smiled and said, "Maybe the silverware has wings and flew away!" " However, he cherished his collection of calligraphy and painting works and valuable Four Treasures of the Study, and kept them properly. In his eyes, these are priceless.
There are many works handed down by Liu Gongquan, the most representative of which are Mysterious Pagoda Monument and Shence Army Monument. In particular, the mysterious pagoda tablet is the most influential model of regular script in the past dynasties.
Liu Gongquan's personality and words are worthy of long-term admiration and memory by future generations.