The "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove" refer to the seven people Ji Kang, Ruan Ji, Shan Tao, Xiang Xiu, Liu Ling, Wang Rong and Ruan Xian during the Wei Zhengshi period of the Three Kingdoms. They often lived in Shanyang County at that time. (Today's Xiuwu area) Under the bamboo forest, people drank, sang, composed poems, and talked as much as they wanted. The world called them the "Seven Sages."
These seven people have the same declaration: it is not Tang Wu who is weak but Zhou Kong, and he is more famous than taught and allowed to be natural. What does it mean? That is to say, we should belittle the idol status of sages such as Tang of Shang, King Wu of Zhou, Gongdan of Zhou, and Confucius, transcend the constraints of secular ethics, indulge temperament, and return people's nature to nature. This was contrary to the three views of the Sima Group at that time. So speech itself carries an element of danger. In terms of specific tendencies, the seven of them were different. Shan Tao and Wang Rong served Lao and Zhuang and mixed Confucianism with it, while Xiang Xiu advocated the unity of Confucianism and nature. Due to the status of the seven of them in literature, their unconventionality became a fashion at the time, which made everyone in the Western Jin Dynasty love to talk, talk nonsense, and show off! Let's take a look at the resumes of seven of them:
1. Ji Kang, courtesy name Shuye, was born in Suzhou City, Anhui Province. He loves to play literature and music, especially "Guangling San", which he can play smoothly. Ji Kang was the son-in-law of the Wei clan and married Princess Changle, the great-granddaughter of Cao Cao. He served as a doctor of Zhongsan and was known as Ji Zhongsan.
Household Registration Book
Father: Ji Zhao, courtesy name Ziyuan, served as a censor when he was in charge of writing.
Brother: Ji Xi, served successively as Taipu, Yangzhou Governor, Zongzheng and other positions.
Spouse: Cao family, the title holder of Changle Pavilion, granddaughter of Cao Lin, King of Peimu, and great-granddaughter of Cao Cao.
Son: Ji Shao, also named Yanzu. When he reached the rank of servant, he was granted the title of Yiyangzi. He was killed while protecting Emperor Hui of Jin during the Eight Kings Rebellion. He was posthumously awarded the title of Marquis of Yiyang and Taiwei, with the posthumous title of "Zhongmu".
Ji Kang respected Lao Zhuang and emphasized the way of maintaining health and taking food. He could not wash his face or take a bath for half a month. Sima Zhao, chairman of the Sima Group, wanted to hire him as an official of the shogunate, so he ran to Hedong County to escape. Zhong Hui, the captain of Sili School, admired him very much and went to visit him with great courtesy. He was blacksmithing under the willow tree at that time and ignored Zhong Hui. When Zhong Hui turned around and was about to leave, he spoke: "What did you hear? What did you see? "Leave?" Zhong Hui said: "Come when you hear what you hear, and leave when you see what you see." From then on I harbored a secret resentment towards him. His friend Shan Tao went to the Sima Group Company to become the Minister of the Ministry of Personnel. He once persuaded him to go out and become an official, but he wrote a "Letter of Severance of Diplomacy with Shan Juyuan" to refuse. This guy is so pretentious to the extreme! Later, his good friends, brothers Lu An and Lu Xun, got him involved in a lawsuit, and he died because of it. The reason was that Lu An's elder brother Lu Xun saw the beauty of Lu An's wife Xu, so he asked his wife to get Xu drunk and then had sex with her. Lu An was angry and wanted to sue Lu Xun. Ji Kang had contacts with brothers Lu Xun and Lu An, so he advised Lu An not to expose family scandals in order to preserve the reputation of the family. But Lu Xun was too bad and was afraid of Lu An's revenge, so he took a preemptive strike and instead falsely accused Lu An of being unfilial, causing Lu An to be arrested by the government. Ji Kang was very angry and came forward to testify for Lu An, thus offending Sima Zhao. At this time, Zhong Hui took the opportunity to advise Sima Zhao and frame Ji Kang. Sima Zhao was furious and ordered Ji Kang and Lu An to be killed. Before he died, Ji Kang also played some music, played "Guangling San", and entrusted the raising of his son to Shan Tao. He said to his son: "As long as your uncle Juyuan is here, you will not be an orphan!" Shan Juyuan lived up to Ji Kang's trust and raised Ji Shao to become a talented person. He went to university and became an official.
Personal works
Prose: "A Letter to Break Up Friendship with Shan Juyuan", "A Letter to Break Up Friendship with Lu Changti"
Fu: "Qin Fu", "Jiu Fu" ”, “Silkworm Fu”, “Huaixiang Fu”
Discussions: “Theory on Health Preservation”, “The Theory of Private Discipline”, “The Theory of Guan Cai”, “The Theory of Ming Dan”, “Theory of Sound without Sadness and Joy” , "Responses to the Theory of Health Preservation", "Difficulty to Study Naturally", "Difficulty to Stay in a House Without Good and Bad Things to Keep in Health", "Answers to the Problems to Stay in a House without Good and Bad Things to Keep in Health"
Piano music: "Wind Into the Pine", "Long Life" "Qing", "Duan Qing", "Chang Side", "Short Side"
Others: "Qin Zan", "Deng Ming", "Divination", "Family Commandments", "Taishi Proverbs" ", "Praise to the Sages", "The Voice of the Zuo Family in the Spring and Autumn Period"
Poems: one "Miscellaneous Poems", one "Poems of Indignation", seven "Poems of Reception", "Narrative Records" Two poems", one "Poem of Traveling to Immortals", ten poems of "Six-Character Poems", three poems of "Reply to Erguo Poems", one poem of "Poems with Ruan Deru", seven poems of "Re-written Four-Character Poems", "Poems of Missing Family" "One poem," Nineteen poems "Gifted to Brother to Congratulate the Scholar on Entering the Army".
2. Ruan Ji, named Si Zong. Henan people. He once served as an infantry captain and was known as Ruan Infantry in the world. Adhering to the teachings of Lao and Zhuang, he adopts a cautious attitude to avoid disaster in politics. In order to win over Ruan Ji, Sima Zhao wanted to marry Ruan Ji. This guy drank every day to avoid this marriage. He was drunk and unconscious every day. This happened for two months in a row. The person who proposed marriage had no chance to speak. In the end Sima Zhao said forget it.
Once, his sister-in-law was going back to her parents' home. Ruan Ji not only bid farewell to her, but also sent her on her way. Facing the gossip and criticism from others, Ruan Ji said: "Are the etiquette designed for my generation?"
Ruan Ji likes to drink strong drinks, and it would be best if there was "vodka" at that time. After drinking, we played music and played the piano, and then we shouted for Mai. There was no Mai at that time, so we just screamed. This guy is generally smarter than Ji Kang. He knows that it makes sense to save his life first and then show off.
Household register
Father: Ruan Yu, one of the seven sons of Jian'an.
Son: Ruan Hun
Nephew: Ruan Xian
Personal works
Poetry: "Eighty-two Ancient Poems in Reminiscence"
Prose: "The Biography of Master", "Tonglao Lun", "Dazhuang Lun", "Tongyi Lun", etc.
Fu: "Qingsi Fu", "Shouyangshan Fu" ", "Dove Fu", "Macaque Fu", etc.
3. Shan Tao, the word Juyuan. A native of Wuzhi, Henan. He had a good nature, Lao Zhuang said, and he fell in love with Ji Kang and Ruan Ji at first sight and had a close friendship. Shan Tao is the most aware of current affairs among the seven. He is capable and aware of current affairs. So it’s not easy to spray!
Household Registration Book
Father: Shan Yao, official to Wanjuling.
Spouse: Han
Son:
Shan Gai, courtesy name Bolun, inherited his father's title and served as governor of Bingzhou. Prince Zuo led the guard, and died as a gift. Captain Changshui.
Shan Chun, whose courtesy name is Zixuan, is not an official.
Shan Yun, courtesy name Shuzhen, was intelligent and served as the captain of Fengcha.
Shan Mo, whose courtesy name is Jichang, Ming Hui is a talented man, and his official title is Sikong Tu.
Shan Jian, whose courtesy name is Ji Lun, is gentle and elegant in nature, with a paternal style. As an official, he served as General Zhengnan and Governor of the military and holiday festivals in Jing, Xiang, Jiao, and Guangzhou. Later, he also supervised the military affairs of Ning and Yi. He was awarded the title of General Zhengnan and the three divisions of Yitong.
Personal works
There are ten volumes of collected works, and five volumes are included in "Quanjin Essays", including "Summoning Form for Zi Chunyou", "Expressing Expression of Thanks for Not Taking the Post for a Long Time", " "Begging for Bones", "Shang Shu Resigns", "Notice", "Answers to Questions about Qie Xu", etc.
"Chunhua Pavilion Tie" contains eight lines of his calligraphy work "Shi Zhong Tie".
4. Xiang Xiu, courtesy name Ziqi, was born in Wuzhi, Henan. He loved studying since he was a child, got along well with Ji Kang, Lu An and others, and lived in seclusion and was not an official. This person doesn't drink much and likes to talk about the teachings of Lao and Zhuang. After Ji Kang and Lu An were slaughtered by Sima Zhao, Xiang Xiuying was sent to Luoyang by the commander of his county. He was cordially received by Sima Zhao and later became the Minister of Huangmen and the Changshi of Sanqi.
Household register: unknown
Personal works
He has written annotations on Zhuangzi, and has other works such as "Reminiscence of the Past" and "Nanji Shuye's Treatise on Health Preservation".
5. Liu Ling, courtesy name Bolun, was from Huaibei, Anhui. This guy is the ugliest in appearance. He is less than 1.5 meters tall, about the same as Wu Dalang. He is addicted to alcohol and is known as the "Drunken Marquis". He often rides in a deer cart with a pot of wine and has someone follow him carrying a spade, saying: "If I am drunk to death, bury me." Follow the teachings of Lao Zhuang and Zhuang Zhuang, pursue freedom and carefreeness, and rule by doing nothing. He once joined the army under the Jianwei General Wang Rong Shogunate, but was fired for inaction. One time he had a fight with someone, and when he saw that he couldn't win, he said slowly: "I'm as thin as a chicken rib, and I can't make your fists feel comfortable." The man smiled and stopped fighting.
Household register: unknown
Personal works
"Beimang Guesthouse" and "Ode to Wine and Virtue".
6. Wang Rong, courtesy name Junchong, was born in Zhuge Village, Baishabu Town, Linyi, Shandong Province. He first inherited his father's title, Zhenling Tinghou, and was made a vassal by Sima Zhao. He was promoted to governor of Yuzhou and general Jianwei. Among the seven, this guy is the meanest and shrewdest.
When he was a child, he was playing with his companions on the roadside. He saw a plum tree full of plums beside the road. Others rushed to pick them. Only Wang Rong remained calm. When others asked him why he was like this, he said : "If a tree stands by the road and has many fruits, the fruits must be bitter." After verification, it turned out to be true.
In his early years when he was the governor of Jingzhou, this guy sent his subordinates to build gardens and houses privately. As a result, he was dismissed from office and later paid for redemption. It is said that he and his wife often calculated their property with ivory in hand, day and night.
It is said that he had a very good plum tree at home. He was going to sell the plums, but he was afraid that others would get the seeds, so he drilled the core of the plums in advance so that you could not plant them. Look how annoying he is! Like a second-hand intermediary.
Household register
Grandfather: Wang Xiong
Father: Wang Hun
Brothers: Wang Min, Wang Yan, Wang Cheng
The eldest son: Wang Wan, once known as Wang Sui, had a good reputation, was fat, and died at the age of nineteen.
The second son: Wang Xing, a commoner, was despised by the army, so he took his younger brother Yangping Prefecture Zhenzi as his heir.
Daughter: Wang, Pei Yu’s wife
Personal works: unknown
7. Ruan Xian, courtesy name Zhongrong, was from the south of Kaifeng, Henan. Ruan Ji's nephew. Love to play music. He loved to drink, and he drank around a big vat when he drank. Once, a group of pigs came up to drink with him, and he didn't think it was strange. This guy has exhibitionism after drinking.
Household Registration Book
Grandfather: Ruan Yu, who served as prime minister during the Cao Wei Dynasty and one of the "Seven Sons of Jian'an".
Father: Ruan Xi, during the Cao Wei Dynasty Served as the prefect of Wudu
Uncle: Ruan Ji
Son
Ruan Zhan, served as the crown prince during the Western Jin Dynasty
Ruan Fu, during the Eastern Jin Dynasty He was given the title of Marquis of Nan'an County and served as Minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, one of the "Eight Uncles of Yanzhou"
Personal works
The only extant works are "Lv Yi" and "Yu Gu Shu"
Personal works
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Celebrities in Zhengshi took drugs, and celebrities in the bamboo forest drank alcohol. This was the style of celebrities in the late Wei and early Jin Dynasties. Among these seven people, Ji Kang not only drank alcohol, but also took drugs. What kind of drug did he take? It's a medicine called "Five Stone Powder". "Five Stone Powder" is a kind of poison, which is composed of stalactite, sulfur, white quartz, purple quartz, and red stone resin. You will get heavy metal poisoning if you eat it. After taking "Five Stone Powder", you will have a feeling of being completely transformed, which is equivalent to the effect of modern ecstasy pills. He Yan started taking this medicine. He Yan is the father of idle conversation and drug taking. It is very troublesome to take this medicine. Poor people cannot take it because if they are not careful, they will die from the poison. When you take it first, it's not bad. Later, when the effect of the medicine comes out, it's called "dispersion"; if there is no "dispersion", it's bad. Therefore, you cannot rest after eating, and you have to walk. Because walking can "disperse", walking is called "walking to disperse". For example, we can read the poem of the Six Dynasties: "Going to the east of the city to disperse", which describes this action. Later, poetry writers didn't know the reason and thought that "Xing San" meant walking, so they included the word "Xing San" in the poem even without taking medicine.
After I left, I felt a fever all over my body, and then had chills after the fever. If you have a cold, you should wear more clothes and eat hot food. But for chills after taking medicine, just do the opposite: wear less clothes, eat cold food, and pour cold water over your body. If you wear a lot of clothes and eat hot food, you have to hang it. Therefore, Wushi Powder is also called Hanshi Powder.
There's only one thing that doesn't need to be eaten cold, and that's wine. After taking the medicine, drink hot wine. And because the skin and flesh are feverish, you cannot wear narrow clothes. You must wear loose clothes to prevent the skin from being bruised. Nowadays, people think that the Jin people's light fur coats, slow belts, and loose clothes are a sign of people's elegance. In fact, they don't know that it is because they take medicine. Also, it is inconvenient to put on shoes after taking medicine. Because the skin is easily broken, it is better to wear old clothes instead of new ones, and the clothes cannot be washed frequently. If clothes are not washed and worn for a long time, they will be infested with lice. Therefore, it was considered a refined thing at that time to "talk about the lice".