1. Zhuge Liang is diligent in thinking and pays attention to innovating ordnance and fittings. Developed a ten-arrow crossbow and a wooden bull and a flowing horse suitable for mountain transportation. And improved the steel knife, enhanced the combat effectiveness of the Shu army. Good at the art of war, the deduction of the array method is "eight-array diagram", which is passed down to later generations.
2. In managing the army, Zhuge Liang attached importance to the restraint and training of the army, and advocated the rule of law and stress.
3. When fighting, Zhuge Liang used his troops to assess the situation and was cautious; Strive for a quick decision in every battle; Attach importance to logistics and send thousands of officers and men to renovate Dujiangyan all the year round to ensure the production of rations; Every retreat is very cautious, and measures such as ambush in the mountains are taken to take the initiative and ensure safety.
4. Strategically, Zhuge Liang knew the three points of the world before he was born, and Longzhong Dui was far-sighted in analyzing the form at that time; In addition, he was good at observing the general trend and always insisted on uniting Wu against Cao, which made him win in the struggle with Wei and Wu Dingli.
disadvantage?
1. Human error. First of all, let Guan Yu guard Jingzhou. Guan Yu is arrogant, upright, courageous and foolhardy. Guan Yu's loss of Jingzhou frustrated Zhuge Liang's idea of sending troops to the northern expedition in Longzhong Dui, and made Shu always fall behind in the future wars. Secondly, Ma Su was used to guard the street kiosks, while Ma Su was familiar with the art of war and was good at military planning, which won Zhuge Liang's esteem. However, Liu Bei felt that Ma Su was exaggerating. On his deathbed, he said to Zhuge Liang, "Ma Su is exaggerating and can't be used. Why not observe it? " Zhuge Liang disagreed and often talked with him about the art of war, sometimes staying up all night. The fall of the street pavilion threatened Zhuge Liang's main flank, destroyed the whole battle plan and forced him to retreat.
2. Restrictions on talents. After Zhuge Liang assisted the government, he had to ask himself everything, which seemed admirable, but inadvertently restricted the development of talents. Zhuge Liang should personally handle such a small matter as the appointment and removal of a county official; In the army, "I have reflected on 20 punishments." As a result, after Zhuge Liang's death, talents in Shu failed to meet each other, resulting in the situation that "there is no general in Shu, and Liao Hua is the pioneer".
3. mistakes in using troops. "Zhuge Liang was cautious all his life" and used his troops cautiously. This is Zhuge Liang's advantage and his disadvantage. Caution is the main way to fight, supplemented by strangeness. The combination of odd and right is promising. At that time, Wei Yan proposed that he would lead ten thousand people to attack Tongguan. Zhuge Liang thought the move was hasty and did not agree. After Wargo destroyed Shu, it was a surprise attack. Sima Yi said in a letter to his younger brother Sima Fu: "If you are ambitious, you will not see opportunities; More plans, less decisions; If you are a good soldier, you have no right. Although you lost 100,000 soldiers, you will be destroyed (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji). Although this statement is somewhat exaggerated, it also reflects certain facts.
Later generations especially praised Zhuge Liang's strategy and ingenious calculation, and regarded it as the embodiment of wisdom. The novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms deified it, and its plot was widely circulated among the people. Its spirit of "doing one's best, dying before dying" has become the precious wealth of the Chinese nation.
In the Biography of the Three Kingdoms, Chen Shou commented that Zhuge Liang was also concerned about the country and the people, showing etiquette, appointing people on their merits, surrendering to power, being sincere and fair; Although those who are loyal to the times will get revenge, those who violate the law and neglect their duties will be punished by their relatives, those who confess their feelings will be released, and those who are eloquent will be slaughtered. Good without reward, evil without fiber without degeneration; Ordinary things are concise, based on physics, with real responsibility for fame and fortune, hypocrisy and contempt; Finally, people who are afraid and love each other in the national territory, although the criminal law is harsh and there is no complaint, are trying to persuade them clearly. It can be said that he is a talented person who knows how to govern the country, and he is a horse of Xiao. But after years of mobilization, it still failed, and the cover strain will be slightly, which is not its strength!