In the Song Dynasty, cakes, as a staple food, were an indispensable part of the people's table. The cakes in the Song Dynasty were not just round foods roasted and processed as they are now. Any food made of flour can be called a cake. The baked cake is called sesame cake, which is no different from what we eat today. Boiled steamed bread is called soup cake, and steamed steamed steamed bread is called cage cake. The "baked wheat cake" mentioned by Wu Dalang when he peddled in the street in Water Margin refers to steamed bread.
The cake industry flourished in the Song Dynasty, and the competition was naturally fierce. In order to win the competition, the cake seller came up with various methods. Cake sellers in Tokyo attract customers with all kinds of hawking in the street. A vendor selling rice cakes, in order to be unique, shouted "I am the one who suffered" when selling in the street. Later, the peddler peddled in front of the Hua Yao Palace where the Queen lived, which aroused the suspicion of the chief of Kaifeng House and arrested him for trial. After the trial, I learned that he just wanted to sell his doughnuts, so I let him go with a 100 stick. After that, the stall owner changed his mouth and shouted "Let me put it down and have a rest". His story became a joke in Tokyo at that time, but business was better than before.
Pasta flourished in the Song Dynasty. Zheng Wenbao of the Northern Song Dynasty was famous for his calligraphy and poetry at that time, and his shadow was very popular with people at that time. The preparation method is as follows: lotus root, lotus seed, water chestnut, taro, chicken head, water chestnut, arrowhead and lily are mixed together, cooked with lean meat, then air-cooled, mashed in a stone mortar, steamed with Sichuan sugar and honey, then mashed in the mortar, so that sugar, honey and various raw materials are evenly mixed, and the mixture is mixed. Cloud shadow was favored by scholars and was later included in the recipes of the Song Dynasty.
The most famous stories about literati and food are Su Shi and Dongpo Meat. When Su Shi was an assistant to Ying Yong in Huanggang, he wrote a doggerel describing a pork dish popular in the city at that time: "Huangzhou good pork is cheap, and so on." The rich refuse to eat, and the poor don't know how to cook. Slow fire, less water, full fire, he is beautiful. Get up and play a bowl every day, and you are too full to care. " At that time, the rich looked down on it and only the middle and lower classes enjoyed it, so there was a saying that "the rich refused to eat and the poor didn't know how to cook." This dish is relatively cheap. After being recommended by Su Shi, it soon spread widely among the citizens in the Song Dynasty and was called "Dongpo Meat".
In the Song Dynasty, eating puffer fish became a fashion. The famous Mei likes to invite friends to eat puffer fish at home. His "Puffer" said: "Spring buds sprout and flowers fly on the spring shore. At this time, puffer fish is not expensive. " The puffer fish is very toxic and can only be cooked after detoxification. Some people die from eating puffer fish.
In addition to puffer fish, similar foods and "hand-washing crabs" were also popular among citizens in the Song Dynasty. The fish in Donghuamen and my family is a famous firm in Tokyo, which is processed with live fish from other places. Because it is cut into dozens of small pieces for sale, it is also called "Ba". Because it was eaten after weathering and drying, it tasted delicious and became a famous dish at that time. At that time, people said that "no one knows what to do with it". This kind of food is easy to preserve, so it is very popular with the public. The yellowbird cooked by nobles is a kind of food that is not easy to see in the market. Cai Jing's family has three rooms, and orioles pile up on the beams. An official can give more than 1000 cans of geese at a time. Hand-washing crabs are very popular in Tokyo market. Take the crab apart, add salt plum and pepper orange, and then wash your hands before eating, so it's called hand-washing crab.
Just as we drank milk and soybean milk this morning, citizens in the Song Dynasty used to drink a kind of tea called fried tea. Tea-decocting medicine is made of tea leaves, mung beans, musk and other raw materials, just like decocting medicine. At the morning market in Wugeng, the shouts of frying some soup and tea medicine came and went, which was spectacular. Zhao Meng, a painter in the Yuan Dynasty, painted a picture of Jiang Dou, which depicts the sale of some soup and tea medicines in the market. Song people believe that tea is medicine, and decoction can eliminate food accumulation instead of food; The longer you stir-fry tea, the better it tastes. It was popular to order tea in the Song Dynasty, that is, when boiling tea with charcoal fire, add some cold water, and then use cold water to order tea. You can get good color and taste by ordering it three times. In the Song Dynasty, teahouses became popular in towns, and ordering tea became popular in cities.
Decoction was very popular in Song Dynasty. There are many kinds of soup, including Chen Er soup, jujube soup, ginger soup, litchi round eye soup, mint soup, Jupiter soup, dust-free soup, mushroom soup, salted soybean soup, dried papaya soup, sand-shrinking soup, wet papaya soup, Bai Mei soup, ebony soup, osmanthus soup, cardamom soup, Puqi soup, Yuzhen soup and Yizhi soup. Chen Er soup was the most common soup in the street at that time. Erchen decoction is mainly used for dizziness, palpitation, cold and heat, vomiting and nausea, spleen and stomach disharmony caused by eating cold. Drinking Chen Er soup every morning will have refreshing and fitness effects. Ouyang Xiu's "theory of merit can cure all diseases, and taking it lightly for a long time will win flax" is the truth.
In the Song Dynasty, the emperor often gave soup and tea as gifts to soldiers who had made contributions. After Song Zhenzong gave up her seat, she summoned Minister Yan Shu for tea. Finally, get some soup. Due to the emperor's demonstration, nobles and dignitaries successively ground soup foam, pills and tea cakes and carried them with them. Wang Anshi returned to his hometown after he was dismissed from office, and he became ill with phlegm-fire on the way. He ordered his entourage to bring hot soup and mix the pill tea cake with hot soup before he recovered. Even ordinary citizens are affected. Some citizens have guests at home, and the host will serve soup to the guests. Different people have different habits, whether to have tea before soup or soup before tea.
There was a great demand for fruit in the Song Dynasty, and the fruit and diet in restaurants were equally divided. When people eat, they usually serve food first, then fruit, just like our platter today. Fruits include not only fresh fruits, but also dried fruits and fragrant fruits. There are many kinds of fruits, and there are also many fruit merchants. The night market in Tokyo is very developed, and at midnight, you can still hear the cries of selling fruits. As the capital, the citizens of Tokyo have better tastes than those of other small cities and can eat many new varieties. For example, kumquat in Jiangxi was originally a southern fruit, which is generally difficult for citizens in Tokyo to see because of the long distance and inconvenient transportation. Later, because of the love of Empress Wencheng, Jiangxi kumquat became popular in Tokyo and entered the homes of ordinary people.
In the food market of the Song Dynasty, cool drinks were also very popular with the public, mainly including sweet bean soup, doushui, deer pear pulp, halogen plum water, ginger honey water, papaya juice, Shen perfume, litchi paste water, bitter water, kumquat ball, snow water skin-shrinking drink, Wuling Dashun powder, perilla drink, coconut wine and so on. These drinks can be said to be a kind of health drinks, and some of them also contain pharmaceutical ingredients. For example, Xuepao Jianpi drink has the effects of relieving fever, quenching thirst, relieving summer heat toxin and stopping vomiting. For people who are upset after taking hot medicine after cholera, Xuepao Jianpi drink is especially effective. Cold drinks can relieve troubles, and they can also be hot drinks or warm drinks. Most of these refreshing drinks have the efficacy of treating diseases and preventing diseases, and they are very popular when they are on the market in summer.