? The classification of running scripts can be roughly summarized into three major departments:
1, the script of two kings. Wang Xuexing's calligraphy system initiated by Wang Xizhihe directly or indirectly influenced later literati and calligraphers, and Mi Fei, Zhao Mengfu, Ran Yun and others criticized it.
2, Yan Tixing Shu. Created by Yan Zhenqing, the traditional brushwork is mixed with the meaning of seal script, and the structure changes from back to back, so it becomes a circle. Representative works include "Sacrificing a Nephew" and "Competing for Seats". Its appearance changed the situation that Wang Shu dominated the whole country, and provided more models for later generations' running script creation, thus promoting the reform and development of the running script system. Wang Zongyan, a calligrapher of later generations, appeared or disappeared, or blended with each other.
3. Weibei Hangshu. Calligraphers in Qing Dynasty wrote Wei Bei's posture and brushwork into the running script, which is a kind of running script. Representative calligraphers are Zhao and He.
There are many styles of running scripts. As far as word formation is concerned, each style of running script has its own personality and * * *, that is, their running scripts have basic rules to be found. Among them, harmony and change are the most internal rules to guide the writing rules of running script. The following "leveling the right side" and "keeping the density uniform" are all due to the need of harmonious change. Learning and mastering the basic rules of running script can guide our appreciation, copying and creative activities. Take Mi Fei's running script as an example to illustrate.
I. Size and length
First of all, we must grasp the size of the font as a whole. The ancients said that writing is most afraid of "words like symbols", and in word formation, it is to avoid the unity of word size, so there is no artistry at all. Mastering this law will enable us to grasp the shape of a single word as a whole when copying and creating. This is the easiest mistake for beginners to make in copying.
? Second, the flat side.
For composition, the running script can be vertical or horizontal, but the center of gravity of the words should remain stable. Different styles of running scripts have different degrees. For example, Mi Fei's running script is higher than Zhao Ziang's.
Third, save the link.
Another big difference between running script and regular script is that the strokes in running script echo each other, which strengthens the directionality of stippling and makes the expression of qi stronger, which is reflected in the simplification of strokes. These connected strokes form different interesting combinations and contrast.
Fourth, contraction and expansion.
In order to contrast the needs of change, one stroke (part) of a word shrinks left and right, highlighting another stroke (part); In order to contrast the needs of change, one stroke (part) of a word is stretched up and down, and the other stroke (part) is contracted.
Fifth, the density is uniform and clear.
Regular script is generally well-proportioned, the cloth surface of running script is much richer than regular script, and the cloth surface of running script is even, clear and dense. This is also easy for beginners to make mistakes, and it is easy to write out words that are not neat and have no meaning at all.
Six, open and close the back
The so-called openness means that the strokes of words have a tendency to expand outward; The so-called combination means that the strokes of Chinese characters tend to gather inward. Opening and closing is also called "back-to-back", with the back open and the back closed. In Mihang's book, the palace is tight, and the word is mainly open (back), while Yan Xingshu is tight outside and loose inside, and the word is mainly close (to). In fact, every calligrapher's handwriting is open and closed, or open and closed, which is vivid.
Seven, give and take.
Only when there is concession within the characters can the strokes be interspersed and echoed and unified. It should be pointed out that running script is more important than regular script. Regular script also keeps the strokes in characters from overlapping, while running script sometimes has several strokes connected and overlapping. Such as Crane, Qu, Final, Autumn and Travel.
Eight, the level is uneven
In order to avoid the uniformity of the characters, the parts of the characters are staggered moderately, but the center of gravity is stable, vivid and interesting, from which we can also appreciate the calligrapher's creative performance. For example, "treasure", "body", "rainbow" and "red" are dislocated up and down, and "half a year old" is dislocated left and right.
Nine, where is the same change?
There are the same stippling in a word, so we should treat it differently, such as the word "shape"; The same part of a word should also be changed, such as the word "feather"; When words with the same radicals are together, the radicals should also be changed, such as "official fatigue"; In a work, the same word appears many times and needs to be changed, such as the changes of several "good" words in Tiaoxi's poems.
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