During Song Renshou and Qing Dynasty, the government was corrupt and powerful people were in power. Ouyang Xiu, who moved to the DPRK as an official, advocated the reform of current politics, did not shy away from rumors, and dared to expose the private affairs of officials, thus offending the Prime Minister Xia Song and others. Xia Song falsely accused the emperor in front of him. Will keep listening to greedy words and demote Ouyang Xiu to Chuzhou.
In the first year of Li Qing (A.D. 1045), Ouyang Xiu came to Chuzhou, met the abbot of Langya Temple, Zhi Xian, and soon became a bosom friend. In order to facilitate Ouyang Xiu's play, Zhixiante built a small pavilion at the foot of the mountain, and Ouyang Xiu took it as a souvenir. This is the famous "Zuiweng Pavilion". Since then, Ouyang Xiu often went to the pavilion to have fun and drink with his friends. "I am too cautious when guests come to drink here. I don't have to get drunk if I drink less, and I call myself a drunkard at the highest age." Zuiwengting "got its name. Ouyang Xiu not only drinks here, but also often does business here. There is a poem praising: "I am happy for politics, and I put things in the pavilion every time." "
After the completion of Zuiweng Pavilion, it attracted many tourists. At that time, Dr. Shen Zun, the doctor of Taichang, came here, and after watching it, he created a piano song "Intoxicating Songs" (a song called "Taishoucao") with Ouyang Xiuqin as the lyrics. Now, a couplet in front of Feng Gong Temple, "Spring sounds like listening to Cao, and the sea and sky shine on Langya Mountain", means this. After a few years, Ouyang Xiu and Shen respect each other, drinking at midnight, Shen Zun playing the piano "The Drunken Man", "The sound of the palace is overlapping", "Like the wind is light and the birds are singing in the sun, and the quiet mountains are ringing in the spring night". The sound of the piano reminded Ou Gong of drinking in the pavilion, that is, writing poems as gifts.
When Zuiweng Pavilion was first built, there was only one pavilion. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Tang family built a bronze mouth beside it. In the Ming dynasty, it began to flourish. According to legend, the house had been built to "hundred columns" at that time, but it was later destroyed many times. During the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, more than one garden was in ruins. It was not until the seventh year of Guangxu (A.D. 188 1) that the observation of the whole pepper rebuilt Xue and the Zuiweng Pavilion was restored to its original state.
The architectural layout around Zuiweng Pavilion is compact and unique, and the pavilions are small and unique, with the characteristics of Jiangnan gardens. Although the total area is less than 1000 square meters, there are nine different buildings and landscapes. Zuiweng Pavilion, Songsongzhai, Fenggong Temple, Gu Meiting, Xiang Ying Pavilion, Yiting, Yiting and Lan Yu Terrace have different styles and are called "Nine Scenes of Zuiweng". There is a fountain in front of Zuiweng Pavilion and a stream beside it. The water gurgles all year round, and the wind is clear and the air is positive. In the pavilion, Su Shi, a writer and calligrapher of the Song Dynasty, inscribed the inscription "Drunk Smelling Pavilion", named "Irving Perilla". There is a high platform at the highest place behind the pavilion, which is called "Xuan Di Palace". Looking around on the stage, you can see that the mountain in front of the pavilion is green and the leaves are horizontal. Lin Tao rose and fell behind the pavilion and flew to my ear, as if she were in a painting.
Zuiweng Pavilion is famous for Ouyang Xiu and his Zuiweng Pavilion. Although I have moved many times in hundreds of years, I will never forget it. Someone once wrote a couplet: "Weng has been gone for 800 years, and his hometown is still drunk;" The mountain is six or seven miles long, and the pavilion is not alone. "After liberation, the people's government listed Zuiwengting as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit and repaired it many times. Today, it is a thousand-year-old scenic spot, which is even more spectacular and charming.
Standing in front of you now is Yueyang Tower. The three-character horizontal plaque of "Yueyang Tower" hanging on the roof was proposed by President Mao Zedong in 196 1 and inscribed by Mr. Li Moruo. Yueyang Tower is 2 1.35 meters high, with four columns, three floors, cornices, helmet tops and pure wood structure. This big nanmu column in the middle bears most of the gravity from the ground to the top, and then 12 "golden column" is used as the inner perimeter to support the second floor, and 20 eaves columns are used as the outer perimeter to contain each other into a whole. The eaves and roofs use umbrella frames to transfer loads. The third floor is lined with wishful arches that support the roof. The whole building is brick-free, all made of wood structure, with neat structure, exquisite workmanship and solemn shape. The cornices and roofs are covered with yellow glazed tiles. There are four ridges on the eaves of each floor. The first ridge is decorated with lotus, looking forward to the phoenix; On the second floor is a hand-held faucet; The third floor is decorated with rolling grass, which looks like a palindrome auspicious cloud. The whole pavilion has double eaves and overhangs, algae wells lock windows, carved beams and painted buildings, and colorful columns are magnificent. Especially at the top of the third floor, it looks like the helmet of an ancient general, called the helmet top, which is quite rare in the ancient buildings of this country. The whole building of Yueyang Tower has made amazing achievements in aesthetics, mechanics, architecture and technology, so it has enjoyed the reputation of "Yueyang Tower in the World" since ancient times.
Everyone can't help but ask, since it is a world-famous building, why did it only build three floors? It is said that the builders at that time took advantage of the weather, geography and people. The predecessor of Yueyang Tower is the reading building of Lu Su, the general of Soochow in the Three Kingdoms. 1700 years ago, in the twenty years of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Sun Quan of Soochow sent Lu Su to lead ten thousand soldiers to the strategic location of Baqiu, which is now Yueyang, in order to compete with Liu Wu for Jingzhou. Lu Su practiced the water army in Dongting Lake, and built a fortified city near the mountains and waters in the west of the city, built a reading army building, and directed the inspection of the water army. This is the predecessor of Yueyang Tower. During the Tang Dynasty, Yuejun Building was expanded, and its architectural art and historical features were basically preserved. Ok, now please follow me into the Yuelou Building.
Ladies and gentlemen, the first thing that catches our eye here is the long-awaited carved screen of Yueyang Tower. It consists of 12 pieces of rosewood. As mentioned earlier, the name Yueyang Tower was put into use only in the Tang Dynasty. During this period, brilliant romantic celebrities such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Liu Yuxi and Li Shangyin, or unruly poets who moved to other places, came one after another. They go upstairs and overlook, row boats in Dongting and write books.
However, Yueyang Tower really became famous in the world in the Northern Song Dynasty, after Teng rebuilt Yueyang Tower and Fan Zhongyan wrote The Story of Yueyang Tower. In the fourth year of Li Qing, Teng was falsely accused and demoted as the magistrate of Yuezhou. After he took office, he organized three major events: one was to build a rainbow embankment under the Yueyang Tower Lake to defend against the waves of Dongting Lake; The second is to set up county schools and cultivate talents; The third is to rebuild Yueyang Tower. The rebuilt Yueyang Tower is magnificent. Teng Amethyst is a man with both civil and military skills. He believes that "it won't take long for a building to call a reporter." Such a castle must have a famous account to last forever. So, he thought of his friend Fan Zhongyan who studied with him. He wrote a letter of "seeking records", introduced the structure and momentum of Yueyang Tower after its restoration, poured out his urgent mood of asking Fan Zhongyan to write records, and asked someone to draw a picture of the autumn night in Dongting, copied the poems and songs of Yueyang Tower sung by celebrities in previous dynasties, and sent people to live in Dengzhou, Henan Province, where Fan Zhongyan was demoted at that time. Fan Zhongyan was a famous politician, writer and strategist in the Northern Song Dynasty. Like Teng, he was demoted to Dengzhou for advocating political innovation. After receiving Teng's letter, he repeatedly read and carefully conceived, and finally wrote the famous Yueyang Tower. Although the full text of this article is only 368 words, it is broad in content, profound in philosophy, magnificent in momentum and sonorous in language. Among them, "worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later" has become a famous sentence handed down from generation to generation. In fact, the story of Yueyang Tower can be celebrated through the ages, mainly because it skillfully and vividly integrates an important ideological proposition into the description of beautiful scenery. It enlightens people: "don't be happy with things, don't be sad for yourself", and shows the lofty philosophy of life of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later". The author's noble sentiment and broad mind can't help but sigh. Worrying about the world first, and worrying about the world later, has inspired generations to think about life, honor and disgrace, and know their mission. As the accumulation of noble personality culture of outstanding intellectuals in China, the story of Yueyang Tower is immortal and nourishes people's hearts with its supreme ideological connotation and artistic charm. Since then, the reputation of Yueyang Tower has been greatly shocked and spread all over the world. This is what people call "building with culture and building with culture". It is said that Teng was overjoyed when he received Fan Zhongyan's "The Story of Yueyang Tower", and immediately asked a great calligrapher to write it and a famous sculptor to carve it on a wooden tablet. Therefore, architecture, writing, calligraphy and sculpture are called "four wonders". It's a pity that what we see now is not the "four unique plaques". As early as Song Shenzong, it was destroyed by fire. The carved screen we saw was written by Zhang Zhao, a famous calligrapher and minister of punishment during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty.
Now let's pay attention to the four big nanmu columns in the lobby on the first floor. These four pillars run from the bottom of the building to the top of the building, supporting the overall weight of the building. Then 12 column is used to replace the inner ring to support the second floor, and 20 wooden columns are surrounded by each other, including bolts and joints, forming a whole. The whole Yueyang Tower is made of pure wood, and no nails can be found. You can also see many pairs of woodcut plaques hanging on the four walls of the building, which are couplets about Yueyang Tower sung by famous artists in ancient and modern times. The couplet hanging in the center of the building was written by He, a great calligrapher in Qing Dynasty, and it is the longest existing couplet in Yueyang Tower. This couplet is:
He Qi on the first floor? Du Shaoling's five-character swan song, Fan's two words care about love, Teng's everything is in full swing, and Lv Chunyang is drunk after three customs. Poetry? Ruye? Official? Ye Xian? Never. It made me cry.
Please try it: Xiaoting in Dongting Lake, Wuxia in Jiangbei, refreshing Baling Mountain and Jiang Yan in the east of Yuezhou. Stockpiled, mobile, dominant, urban. There is truth in it. Ask who can understand it.
The first part starts with "What's strange about the first floor", enumerates the achievements and traditions of poems left by poets, famous Confucian scholars, sages and Brewmaster in Yueyang Tower, and expresses the author's feelings of mourning the past and drawing lessons from the present. The second part introduces the famous mountains and rivers and Xiongguan dangerous city in Baling. Write this couplet, and you will have a general understanding of Yueyang Tower.
(The second floor of Yueyang Tower)
As soon as we got to the second floor, we found a carved screen of Yueyang Tower hanging on the second floor. Why is this? There is a true story in it. During the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, a county magistrate named Wu came to Yueyang City. As soon as he took office, he took a fancy to the carved screen of Yueyang Tower and bribed a master of folk art sculpture with a large sum of money. He spent seventeen months carefully copying and secretly copying fake carved screens. Two years later, Wu Zhifu took advantage of the opportunity of transferring from Yueyang Tower to steal the column. On a stormy night, he escaped with the original carved screens of Xiao Jia and Zhang Zhao. I didn't expect the ship to set sail soon, and it was very stormy. The ship was overturned by the wind and waves in Jiumazui section of Dongting Lake, and the carved screen also drifted with the tide. Because it was made of rosewood, it all sank into the water. Later, the lake dried up and became shallow, and the original carved screen of Yueyang Tower was salvaged by local fishermen. When fishing, the word "Gehu" on the eighth screen and the word "Le" on the tenth screen were accidentally damaged. Wu, a local scribe, bought the carved screen from the fishermen with 120 silver. It took three years to copy Zhang Zhao's handwriting before he made up the broken three words. Now you can see that there are obvious repair marks on the carved screen. Nearly 100 years later, when Yueyang Tower was renovated again, local officials redeemed the screen from the descendants of Wu with 120 pieces of ocean and hung it on the second floor of Yueyang Tower, which was "returned to Zhao". As for the first floor, although it is a fake, it has a history of 100 years. Cultural relics, of course. Two carved screens, one true and one false, are like a list of merits and demerits, which shows future generations and deserves our deep thought.
(Up to the third floor)
Now we are on the third floor of Yueyang Tower. In the center of the building is a woodcut screen of the poem "Climbing Yueyang Tower" written by Chairman Mao Zedong Du Fu. Du Fu's poem is: "I've heard about Dongting Lake for a long time, and now I'm on this tower. The vast lake tore Wu Chu apart, as if the sun, moon and stars were floating in the water. Friends and relatives are not necessarily. I am old, weak, sick and disabled. There are wars and mountains to the north of this wall, and how can I not cry by this railing? "His calligraphy is bold and unrestrained, rigorous in layout, vigorous and upright, with both form and spirit, and his brushwork is similar to that of Huai Su in the Tang Dynasty. 1In the autumn of 964, when Chairman Mao returned to Beijing from Changsha by train and passed through Yueyang, he improvised this book on the train. On both sides of the carved screen are the shortest couplets of Yueyang Tower, just eight words. The first part is "water and sky are one color", the second part is "boundless romance", and the signature is "often white" When we stand on the third floor and look out of the window, we can see Dongting Lake, which is connected with the sky and has the same color. When the wind and the moon are boundless and the mountains and lakes meet in the building, is there a feeling of "water and sky are one color, and the moon is boundless"? Finally, please look up at the roof again The top of the building is decorated with a wishful bucket arch with national and local characteristics, which bears the load, supports the roof with an umbrella frame and transmits the load, just like the helmet top structure, which is also rare in our existing ancient buildings.