Original text:
Dongpo is punctual for Qiantang, and the people complain that the fan owner is in debt of 20 thousand. When he was arrested, he said, "It rained for a long time and it was cold. If you don't sell a fan, you won't return it." If the public order is 20 strokes, the pen can be used to make lines, grass, dead wood and bamboo stones at will. Just go out, people actually holding a few thousand pieces of fan, holding. I was told about the compensation.
This article comes from Su Shi's Dongpo Anecdotes in the Song Dynasty.
Extended data
Writing background:
"Dongpo's anecdote" tries to give full play to its own strengths and use its own ability to help people in trouble. Learn to be flexible. In the second year of Jiayou (1057), he was a scholar. In addition to the Chinese book Sheren, Hanlin Bachelor, Duanming Temple Bachelor, and the history of the Ministry of Rites. He was successively sentenced to Hangzhou, Zhimi, Xuzhou, Huzhou and Yingzhou. In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), Huangzhou was demoted by the libel law. Later, he was exiled to Huizhou and Danzhou. Song Huizong, forgive me. Died in Changzhou. Chasing Wenzhong. He is knowledgeable, versatile and good at writing, engineering poetry and calligraphy.
Yu Ci is "uninhibited and uninhibited, and doesn't like to cut and follow the rhythm", with rich themes and broad artistic conception. He broke through the traditional barrier of "Ci is a colorful subject" since the late Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and the early Song Dynasty, and took poetry as his ci, which created an uninhibited school and had a great influence on later generations. There are seven episodes of Dongpo, Dongpo Ci, Dongpo Yi Zhuan, Dongpo Yuefu and so on.
Su Shi, following Su Weidao, a minister in the early Tang Dynasty, was born in Meishan, Yumeiren, on December 19th (1037 65438+ October 8th) in Jingshou three years. Su Shi's father, Su Xun, is what Saint Amethyst called "Su Laoquan". Su Xun worked hard, although it was late. Su Shi's name "Stone" originally meant the handrail in front of the car, which means it is indispensable to help the needy. In the eighth year of Li Qing (1048), Su Xun studied behind closed doors because of his father's death, and passed on his knowledge and conduct to Su Shi and his youngest son Su Zhe.
2. Su Dongpo's Anecdotes-Reading the Classical Chinese "Dongpo Anecdotes"
Dongpo was punctual for Qiantang, and the people complained that Vance was in debt of 20 thousand. When he was arrested, he said, "It rained for a long time and it was very cold. If you don't sell a fan, you won't return it. " Public order and good customs mean slapping 20 times, and being sentenced to pay for writing pen ②, grass ③ and dead wood and bamboo stones at will. Just go out, people actually holding a few thousand pieces of fan, holding. I was told about the compensation.
[Precautions] ① Four: Store. (2) Judgment pen: a writing brush used for judging cases. 3 cursive script: cursive script and cursive script.
When Su Dongpo was in Qiantang Prefecture, a citizen complained to the owner of a fan shop that he owed him 22,000 silver. He grabbed the owner and said, "It's been raining and it's cold, and the fans can't be sold, so he won't return them!" " Dongpo ordered twenty fans, and he made running script and cursive script on the fans at will, and drew dead wood, bamboo stones and so on. Then give him the fan. No sooner had the boss gone out than someone sold it at once, 1200 taels of silver. He paid back all the money he owed.
3. Dongpo anecdote translation 1, translation
When Su Shi was the magistrate of Qiantang, a citizen complained that the fan seller owed him 20 thousand silver, so he arrested the fan seller. The fan seller said sadly, "it has been raining for a long time, and it is always cold. I can't sell any fans." It is not that (I) refused to repay the debt. " Su Shi asked him to bring twenty fans, and then he picked up the brush used on the desk, wrote down the cursive script at will, and drew dead stones and bamboo stones and delivered them to him. Just after going out, people actually bought a fan for 1000, and all the unsold fans were sold out. Later, the fans and sellers also paid off all the money they owed.
2. Original text
Dongpo is punctual for Qiantang, and the people complain that the fan owner is in debt of 20 thousand. When he was arrested, he said, "It rained for a long time and it was cold. If you don't sell a fan, you won't return it." If the public order is 20 strokes, the pen can be used to make lines, grass, dead wood and bamboo stones at will. Just go out, people actually holding a few thousand pieces of fan, holding. I was told about the compensation.
3. Introduction to the author
Su Shi (1037-1101) was a writer and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. The word Zizhan, also known as He Zhong, is called Dongpo lay man. Han nationality, Meishan, Meizhou (now Sichuan). He, his father Su Xun and his younger brother Su Zhe are called Su San. He is an all-rounder in literature and art, and his writing style is unrestrained and fluent. He is also known as Ou Su with Ouyang Xiu, one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. His poems are fresh and vigorous, and he is good at using exaggerated metaphors. He has a unique style in artistic expression, and is called Su Huang with Huang Tingjian. Bold ci school has a great influence on later generations, and it is called Su Xin with Xin Qiji; Calligraphy is good at running script and regular script, and it can be innovative. Writing with a pen is ups and downs, full of childlike interest. And Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang are also called Song Sijia. Painting, like literature, I like to be a strange stone. On painting, I advocate similarity. Poems include "Seven Chapters of Dongpo" and "Dongpo Yuefu".
4. Dongpo's anecdote translation 1. Sue, think you're smart.
Among the cautionary stories compiled by Feng Menglong, there is an article called "Three Difficulties of Wang Anshi Su Shixue", in which Wang Anshi taught Su Dongpo several short stories. There is such a story:
One day, Su Dongpo went to visit Prime Minister Wang Anshi, who happened to be not at home. Su Dongpo saw a draft of a chrysanthemum-chanting poem on Wang Anshi's desk and wrote the first two sentences:
Last night, the west wind swept through the garden, blowing off yellow flowers and gold everywhere.
Su Dongpo believes that "west wind" is autumn wind and "yellow flower" is chrysanthemum. Chrysanthemum is the most cold-resistant and durable. How can you be blown down by the autumn wind if you dare to fight with the autumn frost? It would be a big mistake to say that the west wind "blows yellow flowers everywhere". The arrogant academician, regardless of Wang Anshi's predecessor and superiors, picked up a pen and continued his poem:
Flowers in autumn are not better than those in spring, so talk to poets carefully.
After Wang Anshi came back, he read these two poems and was very dissatisfied. In order to teach Su Dongpo a lesson with facts, he demoted Su Dongpo to Yingyong, Huangzhou. Su Dongpo lived in Huangzhou for nearly a year. In September, as soon as the gale stopped, Su Dongpo invited his friend Chen Jichang to enjoy chrysanthemums in the backyard. I saw chrysanthemums falling in succession and gold scattered all over the floor. At this time, he remembered the past that continued Wang Anshi's poems and realized that he was wrong.
Please explain what is wrong with Su Dongpo's continuation poems from the angle of inductive reasoning.
Who is smart in Sue (answer)
From the perspective of inductive reasoning, there is a mistake of "hasty generalization" in Su Dongpo's continuation poems. "Reckless generalization" is a logical error that is easy to occur in inductive reasoning. "Reckless generalization", also known as "generalization from part to whole", refers to drawing a general conclusion based on only a few individual facts, and taking this conclusion as an inevitable and unquestionable conclusion.
Su Dongpo usually sees chrysanthemums that will only wither and not fall off, so he draws a general conclusion that "chrysanthemums in the world will not be blown off by autumn wind". He measured Wang Anshi's poems about chrysanthemums with this full-name affirmative judgment, and thought that Wang Anshi's poems were not written correctly. After living in Huangzhou for nearly a year, he realized that his conclusion was wrong. Because the chrysanthemums in Huangzhou will be blown off by the autumn wind. With this counterexample, the general conclusion drawn by Su Dongpo through simple enumeration cannot be established.
5. The original story of Dongpo is: ① Qiantang is punctual, and the people have sued the fans for 20,000 yuan in debt. When caught, he said, "It's been raining for a long time, so cold. Some fans will refuse to pay back the money. " "Public Order" (4) should be standardized for 20 times, and six lines of grass, dead wood and bamboo stones should be written at will (5). Just go out, people actually holding a few thousand pieces of fan, holding. ⑦ Pay attention to what you have paid. ① as: as。
② Four: Shop.
(3) Rain: Rain plays an important role.
(4) To: release
⑤ Referee pen: a writing brush used for judging cases.
6 cursive script: cursive script, cursive script.
⑦ Note: All.
8 negative: owe. When Su Shi was the magistrate of Qiantang, a citizen complained that the fan seller owed him 20 thousand silver, so he arrested the fan seller. The fan seller said sadly, "it has been raining for a long time, and it is always cold. I can't sell any fans." It is not that (I) refused to repay the debt. " Su Shi asked him to bring twenty fans, and then he picked up the brush used on the desk, wrote down the cursive script at will, and drew dead stones and bamboo stones and delivered them to him. Just after going out, people actually bought a fan for 1000, and all the unsold fans were sold out. Later, the fans and sellers also paid off all the money they owed.
6. Translation of Dongpo Anecdote 1 When Su Shi was the magistrate of Qiantang, a citizen came to complain that the fan seller owed him 20 thousand silver, so he arrested the fan seller and said sadly, "It rained for a long time, and the weather has been very cold. Some fans can't be sold. It is not that (I) refused to repay the debt. "
Su Shi asked him to bring twenty fans, and then he picked up the brush used on the desk, wrote down the cursive script at will, and drew dead stones and bamboo stones and delivered them to him. (E69DA5E887AAE79FA5E98193313337626238) Just after going out, people actually bought a fan for 1000, and all the unsold fans were sold out.
Later, the fans and sellers also paid off all the money they owed. 2. The original Dongpo was punctual for Qiantang, and the people have sued the fan owner for 20,000 yuan. When he was arrested, he said, "It rained for a long time, it was cold, and there was still a fan that could not be sold, so I had to refuse to pay back the money."
If the public order is 20 strokes, the pen can be used to make lines, grass, dead wood and bamboo stones at will. Just go out, people actually holding a few thousand pieces of fan, holding.
I was told about the compensation. 3. Author's brief introduction Su Shi (1037-11kloc-0/), a writer and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty.
The word Zizhan, also known as He Zhong, is called Dongpo lay man. Han nationality, Meishan, Meizhou (now Sichuan).
He, his father Su Xun and his younger brother Su Zhe are called Su San. He is an all-rounder in literature and art.
His writing style, Wang Yang, is unrestrained and fluent, and he is also called Ou Su with Ouyang Xiu, one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. His poems are fresh and vigorous, and he is good at using exaggerated metaphors. He has a unique style in artistic expression, and is called Su Huang with Huang Tingjian. Bold ci school has a great influence on later generations, and it is called Su Xin with Xin Qiji; Calligraphy is good at running script and regular script, and it can be innovative. Writing with a pen is ups and downs, full of childlike interest. And Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang are also called Song Sijia. Painting, like literature, I like to be a strange stone. On painting, I advocate similarity. Poems include "Seven Chapters of Dongpo" and "Dongpo Yuefu".
7. Who has translated the anecdote of Dongpo? When Qiu was appointed as the secretariat of Jingzhou, the king of Fenyang lived in and served as the deputy governor.
He was the third minister in Guo, served as the commander of the military camp, and stationed troops in Taizhou, letting his soldiers run amok. Most lazy, greedy, malicious and evil people pay bribes with property, and they can run amok by mixing their names into the army.
Officials cannot interfere. They extort money in droves in the market every day. If they are not satisfied, they will try their best to break people's hands and feet, smash pots and pans, pots and pans, throw them all over the floor, walk away with bare arms, and even kill pregnant women.
When we were in Taining, Bai Xiaode was afraid to say anything because of Guo Ziyi, the king of Fenyang. Qiu informed our yamen from Jingzhou, hoping to discuss the matter. When he arrived at our yamen, he said to Bai Xiaode, "The emperor left the people in your hands. You saw the people being hurt by the mob and still at ease. What should I do if there is chaos? " Bai Xiaode said, "I am willing to listen to your advice."
Qiu Yue said, "Someone has been appointed as the secretariat of Jingzhou. I am very idle, and there is not much to do. Now I can't bear to kill people without the enemy's intrusion, so as to disturb the safety of the emperor.
If you appoint me as viceroy, I can stop the riot for you and protect your people from infringement. "Bai Xiaode said," very good. "
He was appointed as Du Zaiqiu's request. Qiu temporarily waited in Beijing for a month. Seventeen soldiers under Guo went into the city to get wine, stabbed the brewer to death with a knife, broke the brewing utensils, and the wine flowed into the ditch.
Qiu arranged for the soldiers to arrest the seventeen men, cut off their heads, hung them on spears and erected them outside the city gate. Guo's whole battalion made a lot of noise, so all of them put on their armor.
Bai Xiaode was stunned and panicked. He summoned Tai Wei and said, "What are you going to do?" Qiu replied: "Never mind, please let me go to the military camp to persuade." Bai Xiaode sent dozens of people to follow Qiu, and Qiu dismissed them all.
Meson pushed his sword, picked an old lame horse and came to Guo's army gate. The soldiers in the camp rushed out, and Qiu smiled and went in, saying, "Why do you have to be fully armed to kill an old soldier?" I came with a head. "Armed soldiers by surprise.
Qiu Kaidao said to them, "Didn't Guo Shangshu treat you badly? Did the deputy treat you badly? Why do you want to ruin the reputation of the Guo family by fooling around? Tell Guo Shangshu for me and ask him to come out and listen to me. " When Guo went out to see Qiu Wei, Qiu Wei said, "The achievements of the deputy governors are all over the sky, and they should be completed from beginning to end.
Now, you allow soldiers to be violent outside the law, and violence will lead to chaos. Who is to blame for making trouble around the son of heaven? Sin will implicate the deputy.
Now, the wicked in Zhai pay bribes with property, join the army under different names and kill people. If this situation is not stopped, how many days will it not cause chaos? The chaos comes from your army, and people will say that you rely on the deputy marshal, regardless of the soldiers. In this way, how much will Guo Can's reputation be preserved? "Before the words were finished, Guo thanked me again and again and said," I am very lucky to get your teachings, and I am very grateful. I am willing to lead the whole army to obey your orders. " Turn around and scold his soldiers: "take off your armor, disband and return to the team, and dare to be executed again!" " Qiu said, "I haven't eaten yet. Please prepare some inferior food for me. "
I finished eating and said, "I have an old disease again." I want you to lock me up under the military gate for one night. " Tell the driver to go back and come back tomorrow.
So I slept in the barracks. Guo did not undress, and warned the guards in charge of guarding to work overtime to protect Qiu.
The next morning, I went to Bai Xiaode's residence to apologize for my incompetence. Please allow me to correct my mistake. Since then, Yizhou has no disaster.
Prior to this, Qiu was a captain in Jingzhou. General JIAOZHOU Jiao Qiang occupied a private field, covering dozens of hectares, and rented it to farmers for farming, saying that "the millet is cooked and half belongs to me."
The drought is severe this year, and nothing grows in the field. The farmers told Jiao about the drought.
Jiao said, "I only know the number of millet, not the drought." Push harder.
The farmer was starving and unable to repay, so he reported to Qiu. Qiu wrote a verdict, and his language was very modest. He sent someone to persuade Jiao to intercede for the peasants. Jiao Da was angry and called to the farmer, "I'm afraid of it?" How dare you talk about me! "Spread the verdict on the farmer's back and beat him with a big stick for twenty sticks. The farmer was dying and carried him to the courtyard of Taiwei yamen. Qiu cried and said, "I hurt you." "
Ginger washed the dirty blood off the farmer himself with water, tore off the farmer's clothes, bandaged the farmer's wound, personally applied the medicine, and personally fed the farmer food in the morning and evening before eating it himself. Sell your mount, buy millet to pay the rent to the farmer, and don't let the farmer know.
Yin Shaorong, commander-in-chief of Huaixi Army temporarily stationed in Jingzhou, is a strong and upright man. When I arrived at Jiao Lingchan's residence, I saw Jiao Lingchan swearing: "Are you really human? The fields in Jingzhou are like Songka, and people are starving to death.
But you must get the rent and beat the innocent with a big stick. Duan Gong is a kind and honest man, but you don't know how to respect him.
Now Duan Gong's only horse was sold at a low price to buy millet and sent to your home. You accepted it shamelessly. In a word, you are a man who ignores natural disasters, offends elders, attacks innocents, and lets Mr. Duan ride in and out with the millet of the righteous. What makes you face the world and deserve to be a slave? Although Jiao was vicious and arrogant, after listening to Yin Shaorong's words, he felt ashamed and sweaty and said, "I can't see Duan Gong again after all!" One night, he died of anger.
When Tai Wei was recruited as the Minister of Agriculture from the Jingyuan Provincial Department, he warned his family: "When passing through Zhou Qi, Zhu Ba may give gifts, but he can't accept them." Until the disambiguation state, Zhu Zhaicai made up his mind to give three hundred big silk horses.
Qiu's son-in-law resolutely refused and could not get consent. When he arrived in Kyoto, Qiu lost his temper and said, "You really don't listen to me?" Wei Wu said, "In a humble position, there is no way to refuse."
Qiu said, "But after all, we can't put these things in our house." Just send the three hundred silks to the official hall of the Secretary for Agriculture and put them on the beam.
After Zhu Zhi's rebellion, Qiu was killed, and officials "sat on the beam".
8. Dongpo anecdote (7 points): Dongpo is punctual for Qiantang, and the people have sued Boss Fan for 20,000 yuan. If caught, it is 1:( 1) as a minor problem of (2) debt.
Question 1: It has been raining for a long time and the weather has been cold, so fans can't sell it, not because they refuse to pay their debts.
Question 1: Su Dongpo's calligraphy is superb and full of charm.
Question 1: Give full play to your strengths and use your abilities to help people in trouble.
Question 1: Analysis of test questions: The definition of words in classical Chinese is required to be accurate, and it should be noted here that (1) "Wei" should be a notional verb, "Ren".
Comments: The most common form of proposition is to specify a few words in the text for students to explain. Words that need to be explained are generally common substantive words, such as interchangeable words, polysemy, ancient and modern different meanings, flexible use of parts of speech and so on. These are often the focus of the proposition, and of course they should also be the focus of students' preparation.
Question 1: Analysis of test questions: Pay attention to keywords and sentence patterns when translating sentences, and pay attention to the understanding of keywords such as "rain", "not for sale" and "compensation".
Comments: Understanding and translating classical Chinese sentences means expressing classical Chinese in the form of modern Chinese, while preserving its original intention and style as much as possible. Translation of classical Chinese should follow three principles: faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. Translating sentences is one of the key questions in exams at all levels, and mastering translation skills is an important means of grading.
Question 1: test analysis: The word "casual" here means that a person is proficient in a certain skill, which shows that Su Dongpo's calligraphy level is superb and he is handsome.
Comments: Students should be clear about the thoughts and feelings contained in words and expressions. It is best to understand the author's feelings around the original point of view, starting with the theme and emotional tone of the full text.
Question 1: test analysis: This story is about "Su Dongpo uses his talents to help people in trouble" and tells us to learn to use his special skills to help people in trouble.
Comment: This is a subjective topic. Students can talk about their subjective feelings, understanding or emotional experience about the content and theme of the article, and also talk about the thinking caused by the topic selection of the article, so as to gain enlightenment and aesthetic interest in life. Students understand the content, thoughts and feelings of the original text, explain their feelings, summarize their views and experiences, and state their reasons.