1 is generally added by modern people according to semantics.
2. What does he want?
The ancients said: What does it mean? (Today, people add this word completely in context to show emphasis. )
3. Another example: Why on earth is this?
The ancients said: But?
4. Another example: Who did it?
The ancients said: But who is it?
What's the explanation:
1, result; origin and development
Anyway, he always likes to ask the truth.
What the hell is going on?
Step 2: finally
Where the hell does he want to go?
Meaning: Why on earth?
What's in China's ancient prose?
1, exhausted.
(1) Biographies of the Three Kings in Historical Records: "What wise men do is not known by shallow people, and it is not clear to knowledgeable people."
(2) Han Ma Rong's Ode to Guangcheng: "Up and down, the valley is depressed, and Yuanye is lonely. There are no birds and no animals on the ground. "
(3) Liu Xianzhi's Biography of Shu Wei's Scholars: "Every talk about Zuo's family and Shi Mao will stop after eight years of seclusion, and there is no need to solve it. Therefore, disciples can't say it clearly. "
2. End; Over.
① Biography of the Three Kingdoms Wu Zhi Lu Su: "A man said,' If you are rich, you can't be Changde!'" " "
(2) Southern Dynasties Chen's "Fu Da Stone Tablet in Shuanglin Temple": "After all, take a shower and help yourself to clothes." [ 1]
3. the ending; Result.
(1) Li Shouqing's Du Fu is the third fold: "Master, what is my future, but what?"
(2) Huang Qingzong Xi; Foreword: "It is the end of the story that you can't get rid of your intellectual poverty when you break the city and fall into the city."
③ Qing Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio Ma: "Somehow, the last few lines were written by Bi Gongquan."
(4) Guo Moruo's Collection of Sino-German Cultural Books and Literature: "Confucius's philosophy of life is individual-oriented, and its purpose is to hope that everyone will become a well-deserved saint. "
4. Buddhist language. Jude's extreme is the highest state referred to in Buddhist scriptures.
(1) "Great Wisdom" Volume 72: "What is it, the so-called reality of various laws."
(2) The preface to Wang Wei's "Praise of Western Painting" in the Tang Dynasty: "There is nowhere to go in the end."
(3) Li Zhi's Interpretation of Six Degrees in Ming Dynasty: "Six Degrees is always based on liberation, but you must endure humiliation to enter meditation and get liberation."
5. After all; Finally.
(1) Song Sushi's "Guan Tang Miao Ji": "Those who want more points can say, such as vanity flowers, which are not real."
(2) The Ancient and Modern Novel Hu Mudi's Poem Du Fengyou: "When I asked for a pen signature, my hands trembled, the ink dropped and my notes were damaged. I immediately took it to change teaching and it was polluted again. After all, I can't write a word. "
More than 3 "Naihe Tianya": "The beauty is not auspicious, but there is a law, not afraid of the four wings of the life. If you spare Iraq, why not? "
(4) The second act of Cao Yu's Thunderstorm: "I have also learned well in recent years. I just want to see if he is my child. "
⑤ Guo Moruo's Collection of Ancient and Modern Times: Talk about the cultural exchange between China and the Soviet Union again: "Their works have eternal value and deserve our treasure, but the life of the ancients is different from that of modern people."
⑥ Song Yang Wanli's "Seeing Lin Zifang at Dawn in Jingci Temple" After all, in mid-June, the scenery of the West Lake was different from that at four o'clock.
6. Deduction; Look into it.
(1) "Gao Zi's suicide note Huiyu IV": "If people are physically and mentally unwell, will they land, that is, the so-called worry."
(2) Chapter 26 of Legend of Heroes of Children: "The two of us quickly kowtowed and worshipped the lamp, and we got the orders from our parents. After all, his father and my father-in-law are still in Shanyang County Prison, and his mother-in-law is still in Huai' an Hotel! "
7. In-depth study; Know well.
(1) Ming Dow Zong Yi's Record of Dropping out of Farming: (Mr. Zheng Suonan) In his later years, a student died. "
(2) Huang Qingzong Xi
8. How much is left?
The last episode of Zhou Libo's Storm: "As I said, I handed the mink in my hand to the squad leader:' What's good about this? I don't think it's as bad as dog skin and cat skin. " "
9. I still intend to do so.
Qing Ji Cloud Notes on Yuewei Caotang: "What are you doing in this building?"
2. What is classical Chinese? "Classical Chinese" is relative to "vernacular Chinese".
The first "article" refers to a written article. "Speech" means writing, expressing and recording. "Classical Chinese", that is, written language, is relative to "spoken language", which is also called "vernacular". The last word "Wen" refers to works, articles, etc. , which means genre.
"Classical Chinese" means "articles written in written language". And "vernacular" means: "articles written in plain spoken language".
In ancient China, it was different to express the same thing in spoken and written language. For example, if you want to ask someone if they have eaten, you can express it in spoken English as "Have you eaten?" And using books and language to express it is "rice?" . "Fanbu" is classical Chinese. In ancient China, all articles were written in written language. Therefore, now we generally refer to ancient Chinese as "classical Chinese"
Classical Chinese is a treasure of China culture, and the ancients left us a lot of classical Chinese. In China, the study of classical Chinese plays a very important role in the Chinese curriculum in middle schools.
What is classical Chinese?
1. Classical Chinese is wonderful. There is no doubt about it. Classical Chinese is an important part of China traditional culture. This shows that the history of modern civilization in China is still very short, and it is necessary to deconstruct or interpret the traditional culture, because the inheritance of traditional wisdom is based on the correct interpretation of classical Chinese.
2. Classical Chinese is knowledge. Yes, because classical Chinese is no longer a language, it is just a word. But classical Chinese is knowledge, and so is Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Why not learn from Oracle Bone Inscriptions? By the way, it is precisely because Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a relatively primitive writing, so classical Chinese is the basis for further study of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and other traditional advanced writing (learning).
3. Classical Chinese is also a skill. The expression, description, combination, transformation, metaphor, comparison and deduction of Chinese fully bear the style of Chinese civilization in ideological expression. Mastering the physical structure of classical Chinese has a profound understanding of modern Chinese, and there are "laws" to follow in the construction of new Chinese.
4. "Classical Chinese" is the antonym of "vernacular Chinese". The structure of this word is as follows: classical Chinese-Chinese. The first "text" is "writing" and "speech" is language. "Classical Chinese" refers to "written language". It explains two meanings: first, it points out that classical Chinese is a language; Secondly, the language was written later. "Written" language also has two meanings: one is a culture that can have language without words, for example, most ethnic minorities only have language without words; Secondly, the function of language quits life and becomes history in the form of words.
The literal meaning of "classical Chinese" should be: the written language style. The latter's "text" refers to style.
So does classical Chinese have a "future" besides archaeological research? In other words, what life application value will it have? I think there is. When the traditional life style fades out of modern society, people just ignore the social life in some marginal fields, which leads to the suspicion or neglect of classical Chinese in modern application. For example, in religious buildings, some inscriptions will still be written in classical Chinese, or in calligraphy and engraved with tools. The application of seal script is also mostly the same.
The word "classical Chinese" can also include the relationship between language and writing in cultural history. In a certain form, once a language, including dialects, is "literate" and written, its language charm will be reduced and its writing function will be doubled. Because language is usually passed down orally and closely related to life, language has not yet entered the cultural state. It is the retention of life experience, without the expansion of words.
In the process of reading classical Chinese, we will inevitably have an illusion: did the ancients say so? I think this can be "felt" through the differences in the expression of written and spoken languages in the present tense, and there is not much difference in the structural rules between them. It can also be speculated that the ancient people's speech is just more casual, albino and popular than classical Chinese, and "three words and two beats" can also be used as a reference. As for reading classical Chinese now, of course, it does not mean repeating the words of the ancients, but reciting or silently reading a style.
Reading classical Chinese is a very clear way of thinking, just like reading the works of western philosophers occasionally, it is very solemn.
The Value of Revival of Contemporary Classical Chinese
The revival of classical Chinese is one of the hot spots in the cultural revival movement in contemporary China. Its appearance has the same profound historical background as the China Cultural Renaissance Movement, and it is an integral part of the Chinese National Renaissance Movement. On the surface, the revival of classical Chinese is a denial of vernacular Chinese advocated by Hu Shi and others, but in essence it is an extension of vernacular Chinese movement. The popularity of vernacular Chinese has greatly increased the audience of generalized culture, but made the direct audience of China traditional culture less and less-thus posing an unprecedented threat to the inheritance of China culture. It is precisely because of the need to inherit China culture completely and accurately that the revival of classical Chinese has become a historical necessity. The revival of classical Chinese can not deny the existence and value of vernacular Chinese.
Chinese mainland's revival of classical Chinese began to sprout in 1980s. The concept of revival of classical Chinese was clearly put forward by Liu Zhou, a young scholar, in The First Step of Cultural Revival in China (Suggestions). In 2007, Guangming Daily published "Hundred Cities Fu", which showed the state's attitude towards the revival of classical Chinese. The proposal of the revival of classical Chinese was put forward by a young scholar, which shows that the development potential of the revival of classical Chinese is very strong.
It is good to know how many meanings of "zhi" in classical Chinese, and there is no need to remember. Classical Chinese focuses on understanding the main idea.
He, she, it (them). Example:
(1) Everyone hangs up. (Zhi: He, referring to the superb performer in the above picture)
(2) Cut the wolf's head with a knife and kill it with several knives. (refers to the wolf. )
(2). Example:
(1) near the plug in Mongolia, the dead 19. ("A blessing in disguise is a blessing in disguise")
(2) A small prison, though unobservable, must be loved.
(3) Go and arrive. . Let's go Example:
1 If you want the South China Sea, what? (for learning)
(2) to more than forty miles, sell it.
4 here, here. Example:
(1) With your strength, you can't destroy your father's hill, such as the Taihang Wangs. (The original meaning refers to the "ambition" of the latter. )
(2) It is famous for its fat, wax and ash. (The original meaning refers to the previous one. )
5] Symbol as preposition object. Example:
(1) What is it?
(2) What was the sin of the Song Dynasty?
[6] me. Example:
(1) Will you be born of sadness?
(2) I don't know how wide the general is!
(7) There is no point in adjusting syllables. Example:
On the ridge of ploughing, I felt deeply for a long time. (originally refers to the latter. )
Used in subject-predicate structure to express the independence of sentence exclusion. Example:
(1) Unique to Kongming, there is water in the fish.
Teach and teach, whose name is forever!
Pet-name ruby as a sign of attributive postposition. Example:
(1) the Cui Wei of the cloud.
(2) people and people who can observe with their own bodies, people who collect things are ignorant!
4. Describe the ancient prose that should stick to the end. Perseverance, the stone can be carved. -Xun Kuang
Leap, not ten steps; It's hard to give up your job when you are ten drivers. -Xunzi
Sincerely, stone opens the door. -China proverb
If you don't make up your mind, you will accomplish nothing in the end. -Zhu
The three armed forces can win the handsome, but ordinary people can't win the ambition. (Confucius)
If you don't have a strong will, you won't be wise. If you don't believe, you won't succeed. (Mozi)
When you are old and strong, you would rather be moved; Poverty is strong, not falling into the sky. (Wang Bo)
Swallows know the ambition of swans? ("Historical Records Chen She Family")
Be ambitious. (Zhuge Liang)
The old horse crouches, aiming at thousands of miles; Martyrs are full of courage in their twilight years.
If you are not old enough, you can still be a ghost hero when you die. (land tour)
Life is a hero, and death is a hero. (Li Qingzhao)
Those who have achieved great things in ancient times are not only superb talents, but also perseverance. (Su Shi)
5. Why is ancient Chinese called classical Chinese? I often hear some middle school students mention "learning classical Chinese", "the teacher told me to recite this classical Chinese" and "I can't translate this classical Chinese"! When I was in middle school, it was also called classical Chinese. But what is classical Chinese? Middle school students may not understand. Actually, I'm not sure whether the teachers who teach them understand or not.
In fact, it is not correct to call ancient Chinese (except ancient poetry) in middle school textbooks classical Chinese! ~ Ancient prose is ancient prose, the floorboard of ancient articles, and nothing can replace it. To be exact, classical Chinese can only cover the two styles of ancient "Wen" and "Yan" (whether words can be regarded as a style has not been confirmed by modern academic circles), but there are not many articles called "Classical Chinese" in our middle school textbooks ~! So the word "classical Chinese" is very inaccurate! ~! It's just that I'm used to it now, and everyone agrees! ~
The word "classical Chinese" should originate from the Book of Changes at the earliest. Anyway, there were only a few books in ancient times, and old words came from either this book or that one. Needless to say. There is an article called "classical Chinese" in the Book of Changes, but the "classical Chinese" in the Book of Changes does not have the same meaning as the "classical Chinese" in the middle ages and modern times, so I won't say it here. According to the custom of expressing ancient Chinese, the meaning of "classical Chinese" should include two parts: "Wen" and "Yan". Of course, we can also say that it means "articles in literary language", but this does not mean that "classical Chinese" means ancient Chinese. Then why are we used to calling ancient Chinese "classical Chinese"? The reason is that in ancient times, "Wen" and "Yan" were both appellations of a certain style, just as we now call them "poetry" and "prose"! Rhyming articles are regarded as "essays", while non-rhyming articles are regarded as "pens". As for "Yan" as a style, Yan Yannian's formulation was first recorded in "Wen Xin Diao Zong Long Shu", saying: "Yan Yannian thinks:" The pen is the body, and the words are also the text; Classics are words rather than words, and biographies are words rather than words. "It is precisely because' Wen' and' Yan' are both called ancient Chinese, that the title of' classical Chinese' has come into contact with ancient Chinese!