Han Yu entered the Imperial College three times to become a doctor, and for a time he served as the imperial minister, recruited disciples, and personally taught academics. He left a legacy of discussing the teachings of teachers to encourage underachievers and promote talents. The article can be regarded as an educator with creative insights. Han Yu tried his best to change his attitude of being a teacher and recruited many younger students. ?Liu Zongyuan once praised and said: "In today's world, we don't hear of teachers. Han Yu ignored the popular customs, laughed and insulted, recruited his disciples, and wrote "Teacher's Theory". Because he was a teacher, Han Yu gained a crazy reputation." The main papers on education include "Shi Shuo", "Jin Xue Jie" and "Miscellaneous Shuo Si Ma Shuo" and so on. In these articles, he emphasized the importance of seeking teachers, pointing out that "people are not born with knowledge"; he put forward the proposition that "where the Tao exists, there exists the teacher", and believed that as long as he is a learned person, he is his own teacher; He also put forward the wise saying that "Skills come from diligence, waste comes from play; success comes from thinking, failure comes from following." He compared talented people to a thousand-mile horse, pointing out that "there are bole in the world, and then there is a thousand-mile horse. There are always thousand-mile horses, and there is a thousand-mile horse." It doesn't happen often. Therefore, even though there is a famous horse, it will be humiliated in the hands of slaves and be dead in a stable, and it will not be called a thousand-mile horse." This explains the problem of how the people in power recognize talents, treat talents and use talents. Han Yu's idea of ??identifying talents, cultivating talents, and using talents is a new development of Confucius's "rewarding talents" and Lao Tzu's "saluting the virtuous" ideas. It is also a reaction against the decadent ideas of the feudal aristocrats who select people for their own merits and use them as relatives. Criticize forcefully. ?
Literary Achievements?
His ancient writings are of various styles, including political treatises, memorials, book chapters, prefaces, miscellanies, biographies, memorials, epitaphs and even legends. , can be roughly summarized into two categories: exposition and narrative. His expositions are powerful, rigorous in structure, and logical, with famous articles such as "Admonition to Ying Buddha's Bone Table", "Yuan Dao", "Yuan Destruction", "Contending Ministers", "Shi Shuo", etc. His narratives are about love and hate. It is clear and lyrical, with famous articles such as "Preface to Farewell to Li Yuan's Return to Pangu", "Preface to Farewell to Dong Shaonan", "Postscript to the Biography of Zhang Zhongcheng", "Essay on the Commemoration of Twelve Langs", "Liu Zihou's Epitaph", etc. Korean is bold and unrestrained, has a distinctive style, and is also unique in language. It is especially good at refining words and phrases and bringing forth new ones. Many penetrating words have been turned into idioms and are still preserved in literary language and people's spoken language. Although Korean poetry is not as successful as its prose, it still occupies an important position in the mid-Tang Dynasty and has a great influence on Song poetry. ?
Ancient prose movement?
Later generations together with Liu Zongyuan, Su Shi, Su Che, Su Xun, Zeng Gong, Ouyang Xiu, and Wang Anshi were called the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties, and they respected him He is the head of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties. Du Mu juxtaposed Korean writing with Du's poetry and called it "Du's poetry and Hanbi"; Su Shi called him "the rise of poetry and the decline of literature in eight generations". The ancient prose movement advocated by Han Liu opened up the development path of ancient prose since the Tang Dynasty. Korean poetry strives for novelty, emphasis on momentum, and originality. Han Yu used literature as poetry, introduced new ancient Chinese language, composition, and techniques into the poetry world, enhanced the expressive function of poetry, expanded the field of poetry, and corrected the mediocre poetry style since the Dali (766-780). Han Yu actively led the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty and made this movement a great success. The so-called ancient prose movement is to change the parallel style of prose since the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties and restore the prose style of the pre-Qin era. Han Yu pushed the ancient prose movement to a new stage. The purpose of Han Yu's promotion of ancient prose is: "to understand its words, the original intention is the ancient way." Use ancient prose to revitalize Confucianism and restore the "holy way". Han Yu believed that "literature carries Tao", and that literature and Tao must be organically combined. The first thing that should be paid attention to is Tao, which is "deep in origin but luxuriant at the end, large in form and grand in sound". Han Yu put forward a theory based on "Things that are not equal will scream" and believed that people "have no choice but to speak later." Han Yu believed that in terms of style, we should learn from the writings of ancient sages. But it is necessary to "learn the meaning, not the words".
Han Yu also proposed that writing articles should "only focus on stating the truth", get rid of clichés, and strive for innovation. Han Yu's leadership of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty was successful. From then on, "the ancient prose has undergone a major change since the Tang Dynasty" and the obscene writing style has been changed. Su Shi called this "the decline of eight generations of literature". Han Yu's literary ideas had a positive impact on the development of literary theories and literary practices of later generations. ?
Literary creation?
Han Yu’s works are very rich, with more than 700 poems and essays extant, including nearly 400 prose. Han Yu's prose and poetry creations realized his own theory. His works of various genres such as poems, essays, narratives, biographies, notes, odes, praises, books, prefaces, elegy, sacrificial essays, epigraphs, statements, tables, essays, etc., all have outstanding achievements. ?
Han Yu's prose is rich in content, diverse in form, clear and concise in language, novel and vivid, and has set an example for the classical prose movement. The Korean style is vigorous and unrestrained, with twists and turns. His prose works can be roughly divided into the following categories: Essays. Compared with essays, essays are more free and casual. They may be long or short, solemn or humorous. The prose varies according to the situation, and each has its own use. For example, "Jinxuejie" uses the method of asking questions and answering questions to make irony and truth. The whole text uses the method of diction and poetry to arrange parallels and parallels, and the writing is relaxed and lively. The most noteworthy among the essays are those concise short essays that mock reality and have sharp arguments, such as "Miscellaneous Comments" and "Huolin Jie", etc. They are lively and eclectic in form and have high literary value. Most of the prefaces (i.e. prefaces to gifts) are concise, concise and original, expressing various emotions about the real society, such as "Postscript to the Biography of Zhang Zhongcheng", "Preface to Farewell to Li Yuan's Return to Pangu", "Preface to Farewell to Meng Dongye", etc. In addition, Han Yu also showed his outstanding ability to narrate objects in his biographies and epitaphs, such as "The Biography of Mao Ying" and "The Epitaph of Liu Zihou". Biography and lyrical prose, Han Yu's biography inherits the tradition of "Historical Records", depicts characters in the narrative, and discusses and expresses emotions appropriately and skillfully. "The Biography of Zhang Zhongcheng" is a recognized masterpiece. Among his lyrical essays, "Essay on Sacrifice to the Twelve Langs" is also a thousand-year-old unique tune in the memorial essays, with a strong lyrical color. ? Han Yu is also a famous poet. His artistic features are mainly strange, majestic and grotesque. Such as "Luhun Mountain Fire and Huangfu's Rhyme", "Lunar Eclipse Poetry Imitation of Yuchuan Zi Zu", etc. are weird and profound in content; "Nanshan Poetry", "Yueyang Tower Farewell to Dou Sizhi", "Meng Dongye's Lost Son", etc. The realm is majestic. However, in the pursuit of novelty, Korean poetry often tends to fill in unfamiliar words, idioms, and rhymes. Han Yu also has a kind of simple and natural poems. Korean poetry is in an ancient style and has few modern styles, but there are also good verses and quatrains. For example, Qilu "Moved to Languan from the left to show his nephew Xiang", "Reply to Zhang's eleven merits", "Inscribed on Yiliang", Qijue "First sent to Zhang Twelve Pavilions to the old envoy from Tongguan", "Inscribed on the Temple of King Zhao of Chu", etc.
Reference materials
Zhihu: /question/37261103#answer-23945932