Central official position: under the emperor, there is a prime minister, or prime minister, who helps manage state affairs and directs hundreds of officials. The central government generally has six departments responsible for government affairs, namely, the official department and the household department.
Ministry of Rites, Ministry of War, Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Industry, with the minister as Shangshu and the deputy as Assistant Minister.
Local official position: a large administrative region is called a county, state or province, and the main officials are called chief executive, satrap (or secretariat) and governor respectively.
Grass-roots political power is called county, county officials are called county magistrate or magistrate, there is Gaozhou (or government) between the big administrative region and county, and the chief executive is called magistrate (magistrate).
That is, titles and titles of titles are the seals given to nobles and heroes by ancient emperors. According to the old saying, there were five titles in the Zhou Dynasty, namely, public title, Hou title, Bo title, sub-title and male title, and the title system of later generations often varied from time to time. For example, in the Five Dynasties, Shi was the King of Zheng, in the Southern Song Dynasty, the King of Yue, in the Yuan Dynasty, Shi was Wang Wei, and in the Yuan Dynasty, Shi was the King of Zhenyang. For example, Shi Wenxin of the Northern and Southern Dynasties named Britain Duke, Shi Yi of the Tang Dynasty named Duke, Shi Songzhi of the Song Dynasty named Duke Lu, Shi Gong of the Western Han Dynasty named Duke Leling, Duke Pingtai, Duke Wuyang, Duke Shi Chong of the Eastern Han Dynasty named Duke Liyang and Duke Anji of the Jin Dynasty. Tang Fengshi was the Duke of Beihai, and Tang Fengshi was the Duke of Liyang.
He was the highest official position in the feudal bureaucratic system, and he was the person who managed state affairs according to the will of the monarch. Sometimes called, often called the Prime Minister, or "Xiang" for short.
It refers to two kinds of official positions. First, the ancient Taishi, Taifu and Taibao were called "three fairs", and most of them were senior officials with titles, indicating that they were favored without real jobs. Second, in ancient times, it was also called Prince Taishi, Prince Taifu and Prince Taibao as the "three divisions of the East Palace", all of whom were teachers of the Prince. Taishi is the abbreviation of Taizi Taishi, and later it gradually became a false name.
See "Taishi". One of the ancient "three fairs". It also refers to one of the "three divisions of the East Palace".
Refers to two official positions. First, Shao Shi, Shao Fu and Shao Bao were called "three orphans" in ancient times, and then they gradually became empty names. Secondly, in ancient times, Prince Shao Shi, Prince Shaofu, and Prince Shaobao were called "East Palace and Three Little" and gradually became a hollow name.
It turned out that an official was in charge of the paper memorial. There were no six in the early Sui Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, six departments were designated as officials, households, rituals, soldiers, criminals and workers, and ministers and assistant ministers were the chief officials of each department. For example, Shi Kefa is the minister of war.
Wei and Jin Dynasties were official positions in charge of etiquette and compilation. After the Tang Dynasty, he referred to Hanlin as a bachelor, became the emperor's secretary and adviser, and participated in confidential affairs, so he was called "the inner phase". During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, although he was also a bachelor of Hanlin, he was responsible for reading, giving lectures, editing and editing Jishi Shu, but his status and responsibilities were different from those in the Tang and Song Dynasties.
In the official system of the Zhou Dynasty, both the emperor and the vassal had ministers, which were divided into upper, middle and lower levels, and the most distinguished one was called "Shangqing".
General) is the highest title of general in pre-Qin and western Han dynasties. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, it gradually became a virtual title without a real position. The position of general was established during the Ming and Qing wars and abolished after the war.
Also known as "participation in politics". He was one of the highest government officials in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and was called "Zaizhi" with Tongping, Tang and Bianmi. The real position of prime minister.
The Ministry of War was the administrative organization that assisted the emperor in the Qing Dynasty. There is no fixed number of incumbents, usually princes, university students, ministers, assistant ministers or Beijing Hall, and they are called military ministers. Military ministers range from three or four to six or seven, and are called "pivot ministers".
See "Minister of Military Affairs". He is an official of the military department and a subordinate of the military minister. He is called a "small military plane".
These are historians, such as biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru, books before the Qin Dynasty, and books like Gu Zhao and Zhao Empire. After the Qin dynasty, he was appointed as an imperial envoy, and his position was only the second prime minister, in charge of impeachment and picketing the faults of officials. In the Ming Dynasty, Shi Kefa served as the imperial advisor of Youdu.
The head of the Privy Council. In the Tang Dynasty, it was held by eunuchs and later by ministers. The Privy Council is one of the highest state organs in charge of important military affairs, and the power of envoys in the Tang Dynasty is equivalent to that of prime ministers. Military ministers in the Qing Dynasty are usually called "Tang secretaries". For example, Shi is the right prime minister, an envoy of the Tang Dynasty, and the commander-in-chief of the armies of various countries.
The official name of Chu in the Warring States period is equivalent to the name of later generations. The main duty is to advise the emperor and recommend talents.
Names of official posts before Yuan Dynasty. He was the highest military attache who assisted the emperor and was called Fu in the Han Dynasty. The highest military attache in Song Dynasty.
The official names in the pre-Qin Dynasty were lower than those in the Qing Dynasty.
Different dynasties refer to different contents, and sometimes they can refer to important positions in central organs, such as ancient historians and admonishers. Biography of Qu Yuan: "Shangguan doctors are in the same column, competing for favor and hurting energy." "Shangguan doctor" is generally considered to refer to Shangguan Shanxi merchants. "I am not a doctor?" Qu Yuan is the chief executive in charge of the affairs of Zhao, Qu and Jing. Preface to the South Guide: "Gentlemen, doctors and scholars were collected from Zuo Prime Minister's House." It refers to advising doctors, advising doctors and so on.
An overview of China's ancient official positions
Central official position: under the emperor, there is a prime minister, or prime minister, who helps manage state affairs and directs hundreds of officials. The central government generally has six departments responsible for government affairs, namely, the official department and the household department.
Ministry of Rites, Ministry of War, Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Industry, with the minister as Shangshu and the deputy as Assistant Minister.
Local official position: a large administrative region is called a county, state or province, and the main officials are called chief executive, satrap (or secretariat) and governor respectively.
Grass-roots political power is called county, county officials are called county magistrate or magistrate, there is Gaozhou (or government) between the big administrative region and county, and the chief executive is called magistrate (magistrate).
2 "Overview of Ancient Official Positions in China"
In the old days, it mostly referred to officials or intellectuals with prestige and status. "Teacher's Theory": "The home of a scholar is called his teacher's disciple, who laughs when they get together." "Shi Zhongshan Ji": "The scholar-officials refused to spend the night under the cliff, so they didn't know." "Practicing festivals to show health": "At that time, scholars and officials were all natural." "Tomb Inscription of Five People": "County wise men please be present."
During the Spring and Autumn Period of the Western Zhou Dynasty, he was a court minister, occupying a high position, in charge of drafting documents, planning princes and ministers, recording historical events, and also in charge of classics, calendars, sacrifices and other things. Shi Yi was appointed Taishiling. After the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Taishi Order was set up, and the scope of responsibilities gradually narrowed and the status gradually decreased. "Zhang Hengchuan": "At the beginning of Shun Di, turn around again and return to Taishiling." Monument to the Tomb of Five People: "The wise man asked Qing why he was a martial artist, a great teacher, Wen Qi Wengong, and Meng Changyao Yegong." Wen Qi was compiled by the Hanlin Academy and is a historian, so it is called Taishi.
During the Qin dynasty, he was an official of the prime minister. For example, Reese is a long history, equivalent to the secretary-general of the prime minister. After the Han dynasty, he became a general's officer and an aide.
At first, I was a court attendant. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, he became an official of Shangshu. In the Tang Dynasty, the assistant minister was the deputy minister of the three provinces (Zhongshu, Menxia and Shangshu).
Originally, he was one of the officials outside the official position. Because the attendants around the emperor, the status is getting higher and higher, and the level exceeds the assistant minister. After Wei and Jin Dynasties, he often became the de facto prime minister.
During the Warring States period, he was a court bodyguard. From the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, he became a senior official and assistant minister below Shangshu, in charge of various departments' affairs. Such as "Jing Ke Stabbed the King of Qin": "All the soldiers in Langzhong are Your Highness Chen." This refers to the palace guards. "Zhang Hengchuan" is the official name of the management of automobile riding portal.
The abbreviation of "Staff Military Affairs" was originally the military staff of the Prime Minister. After the Jin Dynasty, his status gradually declined and he became the staff of kings and generals. After Sui and Tang Dynasties, he gradually became a local official.
During the Warring States period, the chief executive of Chu was in charge of military and political power, equivalent to the prime minister and county magistrate in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
See "Lingyin". During the Warring States Period, Chu Lingyin's assistants were Zuo Yin and You Yin, such as "Chu Zuo Yin Xiang Bo" in The Hongmen Banquet, and Zuo Yin's position was slightly higher than that of You Yin. It is also the general name of ancient officials, such as Jing, Henan Yin, and County Yin. ?
A military attache ranking second only to a general. Chen She Family: "Chen She is a general and Guangwu is a captain." "Hongmen Banquet": "Pei Gong has gone out, and Wang Xiang asked Chen Ping to call him."
Taipusi Qing's nickname is in charge of the emperor's chariots, horses and livestock. In the epitaphs of the five tombs, Mok Ng said, "Even a wise man is careful, he will gain something, and celebrate together as Wu Gong" and "for it".
Different dynasties refer to different official positions. During the Warring States period, he was an adjutant in charge of military administration and military taxes, such as "Hongmen Banquet": "Pei Gong Sajima, Cao Yue." During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, he was the magistrate (secretariat) of prefectures and counties, and was under the long history of prefectures and counties.
In the Tang dynasty, the military and political directors of several States were originally only located in border States; Later, the mainland was also set up all over the country, resulting in a separatist situation, so the world called it a "buffer zone." The fourth time in A Dream of Red Mansions: "Yucun wrote two letters in a hurry, together with Jia Zheng and our ambassador to Beijing, Wang Ziteng."
Also known as "economy". During the Tang and Song Dynasties, he was the military chief of the frontier defense, juxtaposed with the viceroy. For example, Fan Zhongyan used to be the deputy economic envoy of Shaanxi. When there were important military tasks in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, they specialized in running, and their official positions were higher than those of the governor.
Originally the official name of the governor, he became the highest military and political chief of the county after the Eastern Han Dynasty, sometimes called the satrap.
See the article "Historical Secretariat". Also known as the "county chief", he is the chief executive of a county.
See the article "Running a Task". The official name of the officer or general in charge of the army, in some dynasties, the local chief is also called "commander in chief", which is equivalent to the secretariat of our time or county.
The early Ming Dynasty refers to the places visited by Beijing officials. In the Qing dynasty, he officially became a provincial governor, with a position slightly lower than that of the governor. Posthumous title's "Fuyuan", "Futai" and "Fujun".
See the article "Governor". "Promotion of Weaving": "It is a reward, dedicated to the army." Fujun was so happy that he went in with the golden cage. Also known as "Chen Fu", such as "Chen Fu's famous horse clothes and satin".
In the Han dynasty, it was second only to the general's official position. Such as "Battle of Red Cliffs": "Take Lu Su as a captain of Zanjun." Lu Su is an assistant general who assists coach Zhou Yu in planning military affairs. After the Tang Dynasty, its status gradually declined.
An official who directed martial arts in the Song Dynasty.
The official name of the state and county military attache in the Song Dynasty was responsible for training the army and supervising and catching thieves.
Family members personally appointed by the central or local governors are also called "practitioners". Battle of Red Cliffs: "Jing's prestige is still worthy of Cao's appointment."
That is, "satrap", also known as "known".
The chief executive of a county is also called "the magistrate of a county".
Ancient town officials were a mile long.
Tolerance of managing village affairs.
The three provinces are Zhongshu Province, Menxia Province and Shangshu Province. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the three provinces were the highest government agencies. Generally speaking, the book is responsible for decision-making, the provincial government is responsible for deliberation, and the minister is responsible for implementation. The leaders of these three provinces are all prime ministers. The governor of Zhongshu Province is called Zhongshu Order, and there are positions such as Zhongshu Assistant Minister and Zhongshu Sheren. The commander-in-chief under the door is Shi Zhong, and there are assistant ministers and Zhong Qing under the door. The governor of Shangshu Province is an official of Shangshu, with officials such as left and right servants. There are six departments in Shangshu Province: the official department (in charge of the appointment, removal and assessment of officials, equivalent to the current organization department) and the household department (in charge of land registration, taxation, finance and so on. ), does (in charge of ceremonies, imperial examinations, schools, etc. ), Ministry of War (in charge of military affairs, equivalent to the current Ministry of National Defense), Ministry of Criminal Affairs (in charge of judicial prisons, equivalent to the current Ministry of Justice) and Ministry of Industry (in charge of engineering construction, etc. Ministers are called ministers, assistant ministers with deputy titles, and doctors, foreign ministers, principals and other officials. The six-part system was implemented from Sui and Tang Dynasties to the end of Qing Dynasty.
Both Qinghe Palace are official names. According to historical records, in the Western Zhou Dynasty, both the Zhou Dynasty and the governors had ministers, which were divided into upper, middle and lower levels. During the Warring States period, many countries used it. Shang Qing was the highest official position at that time.
The theory of "Jiuqing" began in Qin and Han Dynasties, and refers to nine official positions: Taichang, Guangluxun, Wei, Tingwei, Taifu, Dahonglu, Zong Zheng, Dasinong and Shaofu.
Specifically, Tai Chang is responsible for the sacrificial ceremony and etiquette of the ancestral temple; Guang Luxun is in charge of the guards and guards of the imperial court; Wei Wei is responsible for guarding the palace gate; The courtiers were in charge of the emperor's chariots and horses; Ting Wei is the highest judicial official, in charge of prisons and trial of cases. Dahonglu, also known as Dianke or Dahongling, is responsible for foreign affairs and ethnic affairs; Zong Zheng is responsible for the management of royal and clan affairs; Dasinong, also known as the internal history of millet management or agricultural order, is in charge of grain, goods, taxes, taxes, finance and so on. Shaofu is in charge of the tax revenue of Shanhai pond and supports the emperor. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, there was a young lady under the Qing Dynasty, which was abolished in the late Qing Dynasty.
The theory of "three publics" also began very early. Sima, Situ and Xi 'an were the three publics in the Zhou Dynasty, and the Prime Minister (Da Situ), Qiu (Da Sima) and Tai Yi (Da) were the three publics in the Western Han Dynasty. By the Eastern Han Dynasty, the names had changed, referring to Qiu, Situ and Sima respectively. The three fairs, also known as the "three divisions", are responsible for both military and political affairs.
2 "Overview of Ancient Official Positions in China"
In the old days, it mostly referred to officials or intellectuals with prestige and status. "Teacher's Theory": "The home of a scholar is called his teacher's disciple, who laughs when they get together." "Shi Zhongshan Ji": "The scholar-officials refused to spend the night under the cliff, so they didn't know." "Practicing festivals to show health": "At that time, scholars and officials were all natural." "Tomb Inscription of Five People": "County wise men please be present."
During the Spring and Autumn Period of the Western Zhou Dynasty, he was a court minister, occupying a high position, in charge of drafting documents, planning princes and ministers, recording historical events, and also in charge of classics, calendars, sacrifices and other things. Shi Yi was appointed Taishiling. After the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Taishi Order was set up, and the scope of responsibilities gradually narrowed and the status gradually decreased. "Zhang Hengchuan": "At the beginning of Shun Di, turn around again and return to Taishiling." Monument to the Tomb of Five People: "The wise man asked Qing why he was a martial artist, a great teacher, Wen Qi Wengong, and Meng Changyao Yegong." Wen Qi was compiled by the Hanlin Academy and is a historian, so it is called Taishi.
During the Qin dynasty, he was an official of the prime minister. For example, Reese is a long history, equivalent to the secretary-general of the prime minister. After the Han dynasty, he became a general's officer and an aide.
At first, I was a court attendant. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, he became an official of Shangshu. In the Tang Dynasty, the assistant minister was the deputy minister of the three provinces (Zhongshu, Menxia and Shangshu).
Originally, he was one of the officials outside the official position. Because the attendants around the emperor, the status is getting higher and higher, and the level exceeds the assistant minister. After Wei and Jin Dynasties, he often became the de facto prime minister.
During the Warring States period, he was a court bodyguard. From the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, he became a senior official and assistant minister below Shangshu, in charge of various departments' affairs. Such as "Jing Ke Stabbed the King of Qin": "All the soldiers in Langzhong are Your Highness Chen." This refers to the palace guards. "Zhang Hengchuan" is the official name of the management of automobile riding portal.
The abbreviation of "Staff Military Affairs" was originally the military staff of the Prime Minister. After the Jin Dynasty, his status gradually declined and he became the staff of kings and generals. After Sui and Tang Dynasties, he gradually became a local official.
During the Warring States period, the chief executive of Chu was in charge of military and political power, equivalent to the prime minister and county magistrate in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
See "Lingyin". During the Warring States Period, Chu Lingyin's assistants were Zuo Yin and You Yin, such as "Chu Zuo Yin Xiang Bo" in The Hongmen Banquet, and Zuo Yin's position was slightly higher than that of You Yin. It is also the general name of ancient officials, such as Jing, Henan Yin, and County Yin. ?
A military attache ranking second only to a general. Chen She Family: "Chen She is a general and Guangwu is a captain." "Hongmen Banquet": "Pei Gong has gone out, and Wang Xiang asked Chen Ping to call him."
Taipusi Qing's nickname is in charge of the emperor's chariots, horses and livestock. In the epitaphs of the five tombs, Mok Ng said, "Even a wise man is careful, he will gain something, and celebrate together as Wu Gong" and "for it".
Different dynasties refer to different official positions. During the Warring States period, he was an adjutant in charge of military administration and military taxes, such as "Hongmen Banquet": "Pei Gong Sajima, Cao Yue." During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, he was the magistrate (secretariat) of prefectures and counties, and was under the long history of prefectures and counties.
In the Tang dynasty, the military and political directors of several States were originally only located in border States; Later, the mainland was also set up all over the country, resulting in a separatist situation, so the world called it a "buffer zone." The fourth time in A Dream of Red Mansions: "Yucun wrote two letters in a hurry, together with Jia Zheng and our ambassador to Beijing, Wang Ziteng."
Also known as "economy". During the Tang and Song Dynasties, he was the military chief of the frontier defense, juxtaposed with the viceroy. For example, Fan Zhongyan used to be the deputy economic envoy of Shaanxi. When there were important military tasks in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, they specialized in running, and their official positions were higher than those of the governor.
Originally the official name of the governor, he became the highest military and political chief of the county after the Eastern Han Dynasty, sometimes called the satrap.
See the article "Historical Secretariat". Also known as the "county chief", he is the chief executive of a county.
See the article "Running a Task". The official name of the officer or general in charge of the army, in some dynasties, the local chief is also called "commander in chief", which is equivalent to the secretariat of our time or county.
The early Ming Dynasty refers to the places visited by Beijing officials. In the Qing dynasty, he officially became a provincial governor, with a position slightly lower than that of the governor. Posthumous title's "Fuyuan", "Futai" and "Fujun".
See the article "Governor". "Promotion of Weaving": "It is a reward, dedicated to the army." Fujun was so happy that he went in with the golden cage. Also known as "Chen Fu", such as "Chen Fu's famous horse clothes and satin".
In the Han dynasty, it was second only to the general's official position. Such as "Battle of Red Cliffs": "Take Lu Su as a captain of Zanjun." Lu Su is an assistant general who assists coach Zhou Yu in planning military affairs. After the Tang Dynasty, its status gradually declined.
An official who directed martial arts in the Song Dynasty.
The official name of the state and county military attache in the Song Dynasty was responsible for training the army and supervising and catching thieves.
Family members personally appointed by the central or local governors are also called "practitioners". Battle of Red Cliffs: "Jing's prestige is still worthy of Cao's appointment."
That is, "satrap", also known as "known".
The chief executive of a county is also called "the magistrate of a county".
Ancient town officials were a mile long.
Tolerance of managing village affairs.
The three provinces are Zhongshu Province, Menxia Province and Shangshu Province. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the three provinces were the highest government agencies. Generally speaking, the book is responsible for decision-making, the provincial government is responsible for deliberation, and the minister is responsible for implementation. The leaders of these three provinces are all prime ministers. The governor of Zhongshu Province is called Zhongshu Order, and there are positions such as Zhongshu Assistant Minister and Zhongshu Sheren. The commander-in-chief under the door is Shi Zhong, and there are assistant ministers and Zhong Qing under the door. The governor of Shangshu Province is an official of Shangshu, with officials such as left and right servants. There are six departments in Shangshu Province: the official department (in charge of the appointment, removal and assessment of officials, equivalent to the current organization department) and the household department (in charge of land registration, taxation, finance and so on. ), does (in charge of ceremonies, imperial examinations, schools, etc. ), Ministry of War (in charge of military affairs, equivalent to the current Ministry of National Defense), Ministry of Criminal Affairs (in charge of judicial prisons, equivalent to the current Ministry of Justice) and Ministry of Industry (in charge of engineering construction, etc. Ministers are called ministers, assistant ministers with deputy titles, and doctors, foreign ministers, principals and other officials. The six-part system was implemented from Sui and Tang Dynasties to the end of Qing Dynasty.
Both Qinghe Palace are official names. According to historical records, in the Western Zhou Dynasty, both the Zhou Dynasty and the governors had ministers, which were divided into upper, middle and lower levels. During the Warring States period, many countries used it. Shang Qing was the highest official position at that time.
The theory of "Jiuqing" began in Qin and Han Dynasties, and refers to nine official positions: Taichang, Guangluxun, Wei, Tingwei, Taifu, Dahonglu, Zong Zheng, Dasinong and Shaofu.
Specifically, Tai Chang is responsible for the sacrificial ceremony and etiquette of the ancestral temple; Guang Luxun is in charge of the guards and guards of the imperial court; Wei Wei is responsible for guarding the palace gate; The courtiers were in charge of the emperor's chariots and horses; Ting Wei is the highest judicial official, in charge of prisons and trial of cases. Dahonglu, also known as Dianke or Dahongling, is responsible for foreign affairs and ethnic affairs; Zong Zheng is responsible for the management of royal and clan affairs; Dasinong, also known as the internal history of millet management or agricultural order, is in charge of grain, goods, taxes, taxes, finance and so on. Shaofu is in charge of the tax revenue of Shanhai pond and supports the emperor. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, there was a young lady under the Qing Dynasty, which was abolished in the late Qing Dynasty.
The theory of "three publics" also began very early. Sima, Situ and Xi 'an were the three publics in the Zhou Dynasty, and the Prime Minister (Da Situ), Qiu (Da Sima) and Tai Yi (Da) were the three publics in the Western Han Dynasty. By the Eastern Han Dynasty, the names had changed, referring to Qiu, Situ and Sima respectively. The three fairs, also known as the "three divisions", are responsible for both military and political affairs.
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