Yes, from some phenomena, Su Shi's mood in Lingnan is indeed calmer than when he was just demoted to Huangzhou, and the frustration and depression of "cooking cold dishes in the air and burning reeds in the kitchen" have also disappeared. According to the legend of Song history, Su Shi lived in Huizhou for three years, but there was no place to introduce himself, and no one was smart or stupid, so he won his favor. After being demoted to Qiongzhou, he lived in a place where no one lived. "In the beginning, you need a company." So Shi bought land to build a house, and the people moved soil to help it. My youngest son and I live alone, write books for fun, and always swim past his parents, if it lasts for a lifetime. "Su Zhe's introduction to Mr. Dongpo and Shi Tao:" Mr. Dongpo lives in seclusion and lives under Luo Fu ... the idea of luxurious houses and luxurious food does not exist in his chest. "When Su Dongpo was in Lingnan, he not only cared about the natural scenery and customs, but also had frequent contacts with monks. There are many works of singing with monks in his poems. This does show a sense of seclusion to a certain extent.
We really can't believe that people with lofty ideals like Su Like Dongpo, who has a strong sense of social responsibility, will avoid the world and customs. There is a fact that illustrates this interesting problem.
In his later years, Su Dongpo seemed to like Tao Yuanming very much and took pains to write poems with him. Su Dongpo and Tao Yuanming wrote the most poems when they lived in Lingnan. Shao Sheng moved to Yongzhou for resettlement from the first month of the second year in Huizhou to the third year in August of Fu Yuan in Zhou Shu. In a short period of five years and eight months, he and Tao composed more than 100 songs 44 times. Mr. Dongpo once described his intention with Tao: "I have been an official all my life just to make trouble in the world, so I am deeply ashamed and want to be a teacher at night." (See Su Zhe's "Mr. Dongpo and Yin") This seems to tell the world that Su Dongpo never wants to pursue his career again and wants to help Tao Yuanming retire to the garden and grow into a Lingnan person.
Interestingly, Mr. Dongpo's brother, who has the same soul, questioned the significance of Dongpo's self-reporting Shi Tao. In the article "Mr Dongpo and Yin", he said: "Well, Yuan Ming refused to meet the children in the village for five dou meters. However, Zi Zhan has been an official for more than 30 years and was trapped by prison guards. He couldn't control himself, so he got into big trouble. He wants to entrust the last scenery of Sang Yu to Yuan, who will believe it! " Ji Yun, a Qing Dynasty man, also thought that Su Shi "had his original form".
Su Zhe didn't believe that his brother would really retire, and so did Ji Yun hundreds of years later. Their views can be confirmed in the poems of Su Dongpo and Tao. The eleventh section of "Twenty Drinks with Tao" says: "The imperial edict is extensive, and the father and elder are good. Once again, I salute He Wujun, who is not greedy for treasures. " 18, he said: "Wuhu City is booming and Tang Lei is blocked. From next year, Huatang will buy wine to hang the country. " On the twentieth day, he said, "At that time, Liu Xiang went on strike, and the world was in chaos. Three cups wash the Warring States and one barrel destroys Qiang Qin. " There is a saying in He Tao Yong San Liang: "If you kill yourself, you will lose money. If you die for your country, I will go with you. " It can be seen that Su Shi's calm appearance can't hide his worries about the national luck and people's livelihood.
This kind of anxiety is manifested more incisively and vividly in the poem Litchi Tan. First of all, he criticized the ruling class in Han and Tang dynasties for their own enjoyment and ignoring the ugly nature of people's livelihood: "A flying dust in ten miles, a fire in five miles." I know it's litchi and longan. Flying over the mountains and seas, the leaves and branches of the wind are as fresh as new ones. The beauty in the palace broke her face, and the dust spilled blood for thousands of years. Thousands of years later, we can especially see Sue crying and praying to God: "I wish God would have mercy on this child and not let me get sores. "The rain and the wind adjust the gold, and the people are not hungry and cold."
Su Dongpo once wanted to escape from the world because of his bumpy career, and finally failed to retire from the mountains because he was obsessed with the national luck and people's livelihood. When Mr. Dongpo was in Lingnan, he was in a dilemma between being born and joining the WTO. "300 lychees a day, I will grow up to be a Lingnan person" is an image description of this dilemma.
Second, expand the scope of knowledge:
1, Appreciation of the original poem: Huizhou Juesu Shi
It's spring at four o'clock in Luofu Mountain, and tangerines and bayberries are new.
300 lychees a day, it is better to grow into Lingnan people.
2. Introduction: Su Shi was written in Huizhou in the third year of Shao Sheng (1096). There are two songs under this topic. Choose the second one here. Lingnan and Guangdong were wild places in the Song Dynasty, and most guilty ministers were exiled here. Here, moving guests to demote officials often leads to many lamentations, but Dongpo is not. In this poem, he shows his consistent optimistic, broad-minded and carefree spirit, and also expresses his love for Lingnan scenery.
3. Author's brief introduction: Su Shi (103765438+1October 8-1August 24, 2008), with the word Zi Zhan and the word He Zhong, is called "Dongpo lay man" by the world. Han nationality, from Luancheng, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan, Meishan City, Northern Song Dynasty). A famous writer, painter, poet and gourmet in the Northern Song Dynasty, one of the eight great poets in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and a representative of the unrestrained poets. His poetry, ci, fu and prose all have high achievements, and he is good at calligraphy and painting. He is a rare all-rounder in the history of literature and art in China, and he is also recognized as one of the most outstanding literary and artistic attainments in the history of China for thousands of years. His prose and Ouyang Xiu are called Ou Su; Poetry and Huang Tingjian are also called Su Huang; Ci and Xin Qiji are collectively called Su Xin; Calligraphy is listed as one of the four great calligraphers in the Northern Song Dynasty: Su, Huang, Mi and Cai. His paintings started the Huzhou School of Painting.