From the perspective of literary history, Su Shi's attitude towards life has become a paradigm admired by later generations of literati: advancing and retreating freely, being neither humiliated nor surprised. Because Su Shi integrated the two attitudes of scholars in feudal society with the same value scale, he was able to stay calm and go all out.
Of course, this paradigm is more suitable for scholars when they are suffering from ups and downs, and it can lead to a life realm that adheres to integrity and is full of fertility, which is exactly what scholars in the past dynasties after the Song Dynasty hoped to do.
Extended information:
In the eyes of later generations of literati, Su Shi is a talented literary master, and people are scrambling to draw nutrition from Su Shi's works. In the era of confrontation between the Jin State and the Southern Song Dynasty, Su Shi had a far-reaching influence on both the north and the south.
Su Shi not only influenced the poems of the Song Dynasty, but also inspired the poets of the Gong 'an School in the Ming Dynasty and the poets of the Song Dynasty in the early Qing Dynasty. Su Shi's spirit of liberating ci style was directly inherited by Xin School poets in the Southern Song Dynasty, forming a bold and unconstrained ci school that was equally equal to graceful ci, and its influence has been spread to Chen Weisong and others in the Qing Dynasty.
Su Shi's prose, especially his essays, is the artistic origin of the Gong 'an School's prose, which expresses its unique spirit in the Ming Dynasty. Until the Qing Dynasty, the influence of Su Wen can still be seen in the prose of Yuan Mei and Zheng Xie.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Su Shi
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Understanding and evaluation of Su Shi. About 1 words.
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How to improve Chinese in senior high schools? College Entrance Examination schools have been running for 17 years, ranking in the top ten in national education, with many schools and large scale, and teachers from northern Qing taught them quickly, and 9% of the college entrance examination training classes passed one line ... How to improve Chinese in senior high schools, campus address/telephone number .. < p Zi Zi Zhan,no. Dongpo lay man. [Song Dynasty] Meizhou (now Dongpo District, Meishan City, Sichuan Province) was a native. Su Xun, his father, and Su Zhe, his younger brother, are both famous ancient writers, who are called "Sansu" in the world. Jiayou Jinshi, Ren Fengxiang signed a sentence, advocating the reform of malpractice. Shenzong opposed the political reform, but in Mizhou and Xuzhou, he fought floods and exterminated locusts, helped the poor and saved the orphans, and made many achievements. Later, he degraded Huangzhou by "slandering the imperial court". Zhezong was then a bachelor of Hanlin, and he knew Hangzhou, Ying, Yang and Ding. Huizong was pardoned for the first time. Poetry, ci and prose all represent the highest achievement of literature in [Northern Song Dynasty]. Most of the poems express the feelings of bumpy official career, and some also reflect the sufferings of people's livelihood and expose the darkness of reality. The poetic style is bold and fresh, especially in metaphor. Also known as "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian. Ci has a wide range of themes, such as remembering the past, remembering the past, giving a reply, saying goodbye and reasoning, which has also broken through the strict rhythm constraints and promoted the development of Ci. Masterpieces include Nian Nu Jiao and Shui Diao Ge Tou, and Su Dongpo has a poem that makes the tea fairy mountain rain wet and the fragrant muscle powder is not evenly washed. Su Dongpo has a poem that humanizes tea: the bright moon comes to cast a jade river, and the breeze blows through Wu Linchun. You know, ice and snow have a good heart, not a new face. Don't laugh when you play a small poem, but you are always as beautiful as a beautiful woman. And so on, open the first school of bold and unconstrained ci poetry, and Xin Qiji called it "Su Xin". Wang Yang's argumentative essay in prose is wanton, and the narrative structure is precise and clear. For example, The Story of Shi Zhongshan, The Story of the Crane Pavilion and so on are both well-known works. Also known as "Ousu" with Ouyang Xiu, it is one of the "eight masters of ancient prose [in Tang and Song Dynasties]". Literary thought emphasizes "doing something promising", advocating nature, getting rid of bondage, and "creating new ideas in statutes and putting wonderful reasons outside the bold". After devoting themselves to promotion, Huang Tingjian and Qin Guan all went out of their doors. He is good at writing in regular script, and is also called "Song Sijia" with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei [fu2] and Cai Xiang. He studied famous scholars in Jin, Tang and [Five Dynasties], thanks to Wang Sengqian, Li Yong, Xu Hao, Yan Zhenqing and Yang Ningshi, and became a family of his own. Ziyun: "I couldn't have made a book"; There is another cloud: "Be innovative and not practice the ancients." Huang Tingjian said that he: "In his early years, his pen was refined, and he was not as natural as the boss"; Another cloud said, "When we get to Huangzhou, the pen is very powerful." In his later years, he was influenced by overseas winds and waves. In addition, his knowledge, mind and knowledge were outstanding everywhere, and his life was full of ups and downs. His calligraphy style was rich and innocent, and you can imagine him as a person by looking at his calligraphy. People and books respected each other. At that time, his brothers, sons and nephews were taught by you, Mai and Guo, and friends Wang Dingguo and Zhao Lingzhi all learned from him. Later, historical celebrities such as Li Gang, Han Shizhong and Lu You, as well as Wu Kuan in Ming Dynasty and Zhang Zhidong in Qing Dynasty, also learned from him, which shows the great influence. Drawing ink and bamboo in painting is more concise than writing, and it has the potential to dance. Mi Fei said that he "made ink bamboo, from the ground up to the top. I asked: Why not divide it section by section? Say: When bamboo is born, why is it born one by one? " He is also good at making ancient trees and strange stones, and Mi Fei also says: making dead branches, twisting for no reason; The stone is hard, and it is strange and unreasonable, such as the depression in its chest. "It can be seen that his paintings are very whimsical. His theory of painting and calligraphy has outstanding ideas, and his theory of painting has a far-reaching influence. For example, attaching importance to the likeness of spirit, advocating the feeling outside painting, the painting should have sustenance, opposing the similarity of form and the restriction of program, advocating "the uniformity of poetry and painting, artistry and freshness", and clearly putting forward the concept of "scholar painting", which laid a theoretical foundation for the subsequent development of "literati painting". The surviving books include Huangzhou Cold Food Poem, Chibi Fu, Thank you for your teacher's paper, and several essays in sacrifice to Huang. The surviving paintings are "ancient wood and strange stones"; The "Xiaoxiang Bamboo Stone Scroll" discovered in recent years is also his work. His poems include Seven Chapters of Dongpo, and his poems include Dongpo Yuefu. In the Qing Dynasty, there was an Integrated Compilation and Annotation of Su Wenzhong's Public Poems in Wang Wenhao.
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About 1 words about the evaluation or understanding of Su Shi and his works
Dongpo is a hopeless optimist (he said: I can accompany the Jade Emperor in the upper class, and I can accompany the beggars in the lower class, and I can see no one in the world before my eyes), a moralist with compassion (the first public hospital in China was established in Hangzhou, and the rescue was established in Wuchang). Advocating the equality of all ethnic groups for Hainan's communication culture), a good official with unparalleled loyalty and righteousness (biography of Su Shi in Song Dynasty, Dongpo's sincere words and advice, making a big festival at the court, and his courtiers were unparalleled for a while), who lived in the Tang and Song Dynasties and was called Han Chao Su Hai with Han Yu. Poetry leads the coquettish Song Dynasty and can catch up with the elegant demeanor of Tang Dynasty, and has always been listed as the first person in Song Dynasty. The words are bold and unconstrained, but they are also graceful and restrained experts. A song "Where there are plenty of fragrant grass in the sea" is graceful and restrained. Calligraphy is also the first in Song Sijia, leaving it as the third running script in the world with Wang Xizhi and Yan Zhenqing. As a painter, he is also one of the founders of literati painting. Of course, he is also a gourmet (Dongpo pork, Dongpo elbow, etc.), an engineer (Su Causeway Chunxiao, San Tan Yin Yue), a politician (the satrap of all directions, the history of the Ministry of War, the history of the Ministry of Rites, the academician's bachelor's knowledge of the imperial edict, and the bachelor's degree in reading, etc.), a philosopher (Mr. Qian said that Dongpo Zen was the first in the Great Song Dynasty) and a thinker (the head of Shu studies, leaving Dongpo Yi Zhuan). Dongpo is the most knowledgeable in history), the doctor (leaving Su Shen Liang Fang), the tea master (leaving many tea poems) and the master of ink making are of course good teachers, and the literary world is a good leader, discovering and promoting the "Six Gentlemen of Su Men". Dongpo is the best example of ancient scholar-officials, setting a model for later generations of literati in politics.
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Read Wen Chibi and talk about Su Dongpo's understanding and evaluation in about 1 words
No literati is more humane than Su Dongpo. He not only lives in the details of poetry and songs, but also lives in the lives of ordinary people. There is no doubt that he is a spring snow, but he can also find a bosom friend among the lower Liba people. These things named Dongpo can be found in ancient Chinese prose, and legends can also be heard among the people. Why? Su Dongpo is too clever. He is a philosopher of life and a wise man of life, but his talent of Gao Ke Ling Yun is just an expectation of our nation immersed in culture for many years. One word that China people like to use when commenting on a literati is talent. The word "talent" has pinned the yearning of China people, the romance of China people and the admiration of China people. China people like Su Dongpo, and his talent, morality and achievements are enough for us to like. So, we will pin all our hopes on this person, which is why there are Dongpo Meat, Dongpo Fish and Dongpo Cake ... Not only that, we also invented a "Su Xiaomei", and this talented woman's bridal chamber stumped Qin Shaoyou at night and talked about it. As a matter of fact, "Su Xiaomei" does not exist in history, and we say that the talent of "Su Xiaomei" is just to set off the talent of Su Dongpo. Among the ancient literati in China, Su Dongpo was definitely ranked first among the later generations. Tao Yuanming is too clear-minded, and his mood is not something that ordinary people can experience; Li Bai is too elegant, which makes people feel unattainable; Du Fu is so heavy that people dare not stand side by side with him, for fear that their own life path will also be contaminated with luck; Ouyang Xiu is too expensive. Even Su Shunqing, Mei Yaochen, Wang Anshi and Su Dongpo are his later students. How many people dare to be among them? So we like Su Dongpo. He makes people see, touch and feel. And he is no less talented than anyone else, so that we can take it for granted and willingly when we like it. Confucianism practices his "Su Xue", Taoism exaggerates his "alchemy", and Buddhists extol his friendship with Fo Yin. If you like poetry, you can chant "If you want to compare the West Lake with the West Lake, it is always appropriate to make light makeup and heavy makeup". If you like lyrics, you will sing "I hope people will live for a long time, and thousands of miles will be beautiful". The unrestrained school says that he is "a pronoun style" and graceful. Su Dongpo is too clever. The Qing Dynasty poet Cheng Hong commented on the word "When is the bright moon?": "It's a fairy pen", which means his words, but I think it means him. If he is just an angel, he may really make people stay away from him, but he is an angel, but he has turned into a human being and Su Shi and Su Dongpo. (2) There is a widely spread story that can reflect Su Dongpo's temperament. Su Dongpo took part in the Jinshi Examination. On the examination paper, he discussed that "when rewarding loyalty, it is better to lose generosity, and when punishing crimes, when there is compassion in sorrow to avoid being slaughtered", he wrote: "When Yao was born, Hao Tao was a scholar and would kill people. Hao Tao day kill it, three. Yao said, three. " This kind of historical facts can confirm the wise men's way of employing people, but the judge Mei Shengyu read the papers at this point and did not dare to openly ask questions about Yao and Hao Tao. Therefore, Su Dongpo was also awarded the second place in Jinshi. After the exam, Mei Shengyu asked Su Dongpo one day, "What is this passage about Yao and Hao Tao? I can't remember where I read it at the moment. " Su Dongpo said, "I made it up." Mei Shengyu was shocked: "You made it up!" Dongpo replied: "The sacred virtue of Emperor Yao is also expected." Su Dongpo dared to invent it because of his talent, which made him think that the sages were still insufficient, and he had to invent the sages; Mei Shengyu endured Su Dongpo's fabrication because of Su Dongpo's talent, which made Mei Shengyu feel that this person even made sense. Therefore, Ouyang Xiu said, "I should give in to this man and make him stand out." Then he said to his son, "Thirty years later, no one will talk about me anymore. At that time, it was Su Shi." No wonder Emperor Renzong saw the Su Dongpo brothers and said happily to the left and right, "I have found two prime ministers for my son." Su Dongpo is by no means a person who has been unlucky. In the second year of Jiayou (157), he went to Beijing to take an exam and became famous all over the world. Not only that, Jiayou should make a move in six years, and he was very outspoken and admonished into the third class. Only four people entered the third place in the whole Northern Song Dynasty. That year, he was just 25 years old, and it can be said that the spring breeze was proud and the scenery was temporary. Under his great fame, he has been "blessed in times of adversity" by three generations of monarchs: Song Renzong, Zhenzong and Shenzong. When Su Shi was in a dilemma in the whirlpool of party struggle, the Queen Mother Gao recalled him from the relegated land and told him in a tone of "wooing" and "entrusting orphans" that the reason why he recovered from the relegated land was really "the meaning of the emperor." When he (Shenzong) eats and drinks and stops reading characters, his wife will say,' This Su Shi character is also.' Every time Shenzong said,' Wizards, Wizards!' However, Su Dongpo also has the sensitivity and stubbornness of all real literati. He was wronged three times in his life and demoted 17 times, which can't be just framed as a "villain". He advocated the reform by Confucianism "joining the WTO" and "helping the world if you are rich, but being poor is immune to it". Wang Anshi reformed, and he argued with Wang Anshi about the DPRK. Wang Anshi advocated the reform in the Book of Emperor Renzong, and he wrote the Book of Emperor Shenzong, which was equally eloquent and opposed to the reform. Being demoted to Huangzhou, when Dongpo was farming, he also wrote to the prefect to get rid of the bad custom of infanticide and set up a rescue meeting; In Zhifu, Shandong Province, he only served as a local official for three days. It was in these three days that he severely punished corrupt officials and pleaded for the people, playing the role of canceling official salt. He won't hide his point of view, and he will tell his feelings when he is in his position, not only in politics, but also in life and communication. If he satirizes the poem written by others, "it's like eating flies and then vomiting", it's a joke; In Fengxiang, he wrote "The Story of Ling Xutai" for Chen Taishou, saying: "However, after several generations, those who want to be like it, and those who have broken tiles and fallen into ruins have turned into thorns and hills" is a temperament; And his "Ci-making" written for Wang Anshi has long been seen by some people. "Although this is a compliment, its words have a slight meaning, and the viewer should be complacent. (3) Life is like a dream, life is like a dream, which is Su Dongpo's definition of life philosophy and the core of Su Dongpo's life philosophy. "the sage Chuangzi is day-dreaming, bewitched by butterflies", after Zhuangzi, "life is like a dream"