Empire is not the beginning of the Ming Dynasty. It was first established in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, but it was carried forward in the Ming Dynasty. The imperial censor of the Ming Dynasty was subordinate to Douchayuan, and the highest official was Zheng Erpin, the imperial censor of Douchayuan and one of the nine ministers of the Ming Dynasty. But the ordinary censor is not a senior official, but an official of Zheng Qipin, but his power scope is unprecedented. No matter it is a national event, such as war, imperial examination, education, or trivial matters, such as the emperor marrying a daughter-in-law and the prince getting married, you can make suggestions.
The presiding judge corrects the evil deeds of hundreds of officials at home and abroad, or uncovers the chapter or seals it. Brush scrolls in the inner two cities, patrol the Beijing camp, supervise the township, test martial arts, patrol Guanglu, patrol the warehouse, patrol the village in the inner library, and read drums in turn in the five cities of the imperial city. Foreign patrol, Qing army, prefect school, salt patrol, tea horse patrol, wine patrol, customs patrol, storage and transportation, horse printing, reclamation.
When Zhu Yuanzhang created the supervision system, he deliberately suppressed the official position of supervising the imperial history, which was the same as the six subjects. However, although the level of the proposal is low, it is only a cursory look, plus imperial power. When things are urgent, there are "princes" behind them, nominally central officials, but actually local government officials, who are responsible for managing important military and political affairs in one province or several provinces, but this situation will happen in both the Ming Dynasty and North Korea.
How do examiners play a supervisory role? According to the above description of the function of censorial supervision, if there is anything bad to be improved, or there is something extra-legal, censorial supervision affairs can be reported directly to the emperor. Comment on big things, break small things.
Then how to check and find the problem? Mainly rely on "brush"!
This "brush" is different from the review questions we usually say before the exam. The "brush" here means that the examiner checks the documents and files of various government agencies, which is somewhat similar to the current enterprise audit. The company's financial affairs should be audited quarterly and annually to see if there are any mistakes or omissions. If there is, it needs to be reported to find the problem.
Life supervision suggestion, according to the inspection department inspector, one or two years old or two years old in accordance with the brush, so the leather traitor also wins. Inside and outside the capital city provinces, the inspection department, the sub-inspection and the packet were all set up by Han Mo. I'm worried that it's nonsense not to lift it after a long time. Besides, you have appointed a constitutional outline to be written in calligraphy, and you are in charge of various departments. This temple is beautifully designed. The so-called rules and regulations, so will those who will ruin your offspring. The so-called civil and military politics are all spread within the party.
At the beginning of the establishment of the "brush volume" system, according to the regulations, examiners should review the archives of various organs and localities throughout the country within a certain period of time. Because the censors are all acting on the orders of the emperor, the local government must also cooperate, otherwise it is suspected of deceiving the monarch. Through this regular supervision, officials dare not mess around, and inspectors can find problems in time and deal with them by looking at the files.
However, when Jingtai and Tianshun implemented this system.
Under normal circumstances, the pressure on the courts and local governments to do so will not be too great, but in disaster years or war years, such a bill will be considered a waste of people and money. "The corrupt officials in the world are coming, and there is a saying that there is a lack of soldiers." From Jingtai to Tianshun, it happened that floods and changes in civil engineering caused great pressure on government finances. "Because of the hunger and embarrassment of the victims in the world, the owner of the pear tray of flowers, trees, birds and animals stopped chasing horses and cleaned up the craftsmen to collect firewood for one year." Therefore, the brush roller must stop.
Secondly, after the change of civil engineering, the court changes frequently, and the court has no energy and manpower to brush the volume on a large scale. During the uprising, under the personal expedition of Yingzong, more than 60 officials were killed or injured, and finally recovered. In the eighth year of Jingtai, there was another change of seizing the door. Officials who founded Zhu Qiyu before He Qian Wang Wen were purged, and then Shi Heng, Cao Jixiang and others were imprisoned for their crimes. The turbulent political situation made the court unable to operate normally and the supervision had to stop.
Third, the power of Xunqi Group is too inflated. After the change of seizing the door, Yingzong returned to power. In order to win Xunqi's support and reward meritorious officials, Yingzong had to turn a blind eye to Xunqi's chaos, allowing him to modify all kinds of books and occupy the land.
Stopping brushing bills is equivalent to the failure of the system of supervising officials in the imperial court, so local officials began to try their best to seek benefits for themselves. Common methods such as printing, forging documents, stealing food, stealing rice, stealing grass, changing books, indulging in desertion, occupying wasteland and land, etc.
It was not until the ninth year of Chenghua that Ming Xianzong realized the danger of stopping brushing the papers, so he stipulated that he should brush the papers again every three years, and emphasized the importance of examining the papers in the monitoring system. This method is used repeatedly.