cicada
[Tang]? Yu Shinan?
Cicada droops like a tassel on a hat, its tentacles suck the clear dew, and its voice spreads from the branches of the straight Shulang tree.
Cicada is far away from cicada because cicada is on a tall tree, not relying on autumn wind.
Translation of works
The cicada's tassel-like tentacles suck the sweet dew, and the sound comes from the tall branches of the buttonwood tree.
Cicadas spread far away because they live in tall trees, not by autumn wind.
Annotation of works
1.Rui: The drooping part of the cap tassel tied under the chin of the ancients is somewhat similar to the shape of the tentacles protruding from the cicada's head.
2. Clear dew: pure dew. The ancients thought that cicadas lived by drinking dew, but in fact they sucked the juice of plants.
3. Flowing clouds and flowing water: refers to the continuous cicada singing.
4. Sparse: Sparse.
5. Pass: By virtue of.
Creation background
Yu Shinan (AD 558-638) was born in Yuyao, Yuezhou, Bo Shi. He was an important official and a famous calligrapher in the early Tang Dynasty. Brother Yu Shiqi.
When Yang Guang was in Jiangnan, he defected with his brother Yu Shiqi and was appreciated and reused. At that time, Yang Guang was still a gentleman on the surface.
Yu Shinan is studious, quiet, taciturn and greedy, contrary to Yu Shiqi.
After Yu Wenhuaji killed Yang Guang, he immediately sent someone to kill Yu Shiqi, the minister of Yan [Xing]. Yu Shinan interceded and forbade him, and tried to replace his younger brother, but it still failed. In the end, only Yu Shinan was left at home, and everyone else was killed.
Later, Dou Jiande defeated Yu Wenhuaji and appointed Yu Shinan as assistant minister of Huangmen. Later, Li Shimin defeated Dou Jiande and called Yu Shinan to join the army for Fu Qin, which was almost equal to releasing Ling Xuan.
After Li Shimin ascended the throne, Yu Shinan became a senior official with a bachelor's degree in Hong Wen Museum, but he was never arrogant, practical and diligent, and won the appreciation of Li Shimin.
One day, Li Shimin was in a good mood and invited the bachelors of Hong Wen Pavilion to enjoy the scenery of the seawall. The hula will be ready soon.
Picturesque, Li Shimin said: "To enrich the country and strengthen the people, you must have self-knowledge, and your officials must give their lives to remonstrate. You must never be a subjugated monarch and minister like Yang Guang and Yu Shiqi."
They echoed quickly, and only Yu Shinan remained silent.
Speaking in front of Heather, Li Shimin also felt uncomfortable, and immediately explained: "Heather is Heather, and Shijie is Shijie, which is not the same."
"Speaking of it, Yang Guang is still my cousin, which is normal."
This time, Yu Shina's face softened a little.
Strike while the iron is hot: "I'll buy you a drink." Li Shimin immediately changed the subject and introduced a poem written last night. Li Shimin is very modest: "Give some advice."
Chu Liang (the father of Chu Suiliang) first stood up: "The antithesis is neat and the allusions are appropriate."
Li Shimin waved and remained modest. "Speak a little more."
Nobody said anything. Seeing the atmosphere a little embarrassed, Li Shimin smiled: "Is there any new work by Ai Qing recently? Say it for everyone to appreciate. "
When he said this, Li Shimin's eyes were fixed on Yu Shinan.
So Nan got up and bowed to Taizong: "This autumn, I made a song" Cicada "and came here to make a fool of myself."
"Please." Emperor Taizong suddenly became interested.
Yu Shinan: "Cicada-hanging down to drink clear dew, flowing out of sparse tung." It's not the autumn wind that makes you afraid to speak loudly. "
"good! All right! Ai Qing leads an honest and clean life, and her natural reputation is far-reaching, but I am very lucky. "I like Yu Shinan from my heart.
Then, everyone applauded.
works appreciation
The first sentence is "hang down and drink clear dew", and "hang down" is the part of the hat belt tied under the chin of the ancients. Cicada's head has prominent tentacles, which look like a drooping crown tassel, so it is called "drooping". The ancients thought that cicadas were noble and drank dew, so they said "drink clear dew". This sentence is ostensibly about the shape and feeding habits of cicadas, but in fact it contains metaphors everywhere. "Hang" means official position (in ancient times, "crown tassel" was often used to refer to your official position). In the eyes of ordinary people, this dignitary's position is contradictory and even incompatible with "Qing", but in the author's pen, they are unified in the image of "hanging their heads and drinking clear dew". This unity of "Gui" and "Qing" is precisely because the "Qing" in three or four sentences does not need to be contrasted with "Gui", and the brushwork is quite clever.
The second sentence, "cicadas sing far and wide." Platanus acerifolia is a tall tree with sparse characters and clear branches. Corresponding to the last sentence "autumn wind", the flowing cicada has a pleasant long sound, and the word "Chu" is used to visualize the meaning conveyed by cicada singing, which seems to make people feel the loudness and strength of cicada singing. Although this sentence is only written by voice, readers can imagine the high level and elegant rhyme of the anthropomorphic cicada in Tsinghua. With this vivid description of the spread of cicadas in the distance, the drama of three or four sentences has taken root.
"A high voice is not affected by the autumn wind" is the crowning touch of the whole article. It is a discussion of poetry on the basis of the last two sentences. Cicadas spread in all directions. Most people often think that it is the autumn wind, but poets have different understandings, emphasizing that this is because of "high". This unique feeling contains a truth: a man of noble character can be famous far and near without some external support (such as power and status, the help of powerful people), just as Cao Pi wrote in Dian Lun? . ? As the "Thesis" said, "it is not a false good historical statement, nor does it rely on the trend of flying, but the reputation is autobiographical." What is emphasized here is the beauty and strength of personality. The word "self" and the word "non" in the two sentences echo each other, expressing warm praise and high self-confidence for people's inner character and showing a graceful demeanor. Emperor Taizong praised Yu Shinan's "Five Musts" for many times (virtue, loyalty, erudition, writing style and writing style). The poet's personalized "cicada" may have its own meaning. Shen Deqian said: "Every time a cicada sounds, it respects its sex alone." (Tang Poetry) This is indeed a point. It means that a gentleman should be as high and far as a cicada, not dependent on or subject to other things. It expresses the poet's enthusiastic praise and high self-confidence for people's inner character, and shows a graceful demeanor.
Qing Shi Buhua's "Shi Fu Shi Poetry" says: "There are more than 300 poems, and the Tang people still have this intention. In the same way, Yu Shinan's "high voice, not from the autumn wind" is an Tsinghua people language; Wang Luobin's "his flight through the fog, his pure voice submerged in the wind world" is a much-needed language; Li Shangyin's "pure heart and lack of desire, singing all night" is a grouch. Bixing is different. " These three poems are all famous works of chanting cicadas in Tang Dynasty. Because of the author's different status, experience and temperament, although he is equally committed to expressing his feelings, he presents a different face and forms an artistic image full of personality characteristics. This poem, together with Luo's Political Prisoner Listening to Cicada and Li Shangyin's Cicada, became three unique poems about Cicada in the Tang Dynasty.
Brief introduction of the author
Yu Shinan (July 1 1, 558 ~638), a native of Yuyao County, Yuezhou (now Zhenming Hechang, Guanhaiwei, Cixi City, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province), was a calligrapher, writer, poet and politician in southern Chen Zhi during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the son of Chen Wang, and the brother of Yu Shiqi, assistant minister of the Sui Dynasty.
Yu Shinan is quiet by nature and persistent in learning. Chen, two generations of Sui Dynasty, was an official worshiper of a doctor and lived in a shed. After the demise of the Sui Dynasty, he attached himself to Dou Jiande, King of the Xia Dynasty, and was awarded assistant minister of the Yellow Gate. After the destruction of Dou Jiande by the King of Qin, Yu Shinan joined the army as Qin, Recorder and Pavilion, and became one of the "Eighteen Bachelor" with Fang and others. During the Zhenguan period, he served as a writer, secretary and secretary supervisor. And was appointed Duke of Yongxing County, so he was called "Yu Yongxing, Yu Secret Supervisor". Although he looks timid, he is strong-willed, outspoken, and dares to remonstrate, which won the respect of Li Shimin. He said that "morality, loyalty, erudition, writing and writing are all excellent". In the 12th year of Zhenguan (638), Yu Shinan passed away at the age of 8 1 year, and was given the title of Shangshu, posthumous title "Wen Yi" and buried in Zhaoling.
Yu Shinan is good at calligraphy, and he, together with Ou Yangxun, Chu Suiliang and Xue Ji, is called "four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty" (Japanese scholars call Ou Yangxun, Chu Suiliang and Yu Shinan "three outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty"). Bei Tang Shuchao is one of the four great books in Tang Dynasty and one of the earliest books in China. The first 30 volumes of poetry have been lost. In the Republic of China, Zhang Shouyong compiled the four-volume Mi Yu Ji Jian.