Due to the variety of styles and types of movies, there are feature films that focus on complete storylines and portraying characters, documentaries that report on a certain political, economic, cultural and educational, military or historical events, and there are also films that use various Art films made with various art methods and materials, as well as opera films recording stage art performances, etc. These categories include several film types. For example, feature films include comedies, westerns, romance films, science fiction films, etc.; art films include cartoons, puppet films, and paper-cut films; documentaries include biographical documentaries, documentary documentaries, news documentaries, etc. It includes literature, drama, painting, architecture, music, dance and other artistic components, so it is called comprehensive art.
The so-called comprehensive art refers to an art style that combines several artistic components. Its characteristics are:
Collective creation. Including the organic cooperation of artistic creation among screenwriters, directors, actors, art, photography, and recording creative departments;
Use all existing artistic expression techniques. The film has descriptions and structures with literary elements, dialogues, inner monologues, body movements, facial expressions with dramatic elements, songs with musical elements, and visual images integrated with the pictures;
A broad audience sexual culture. The film is composed of moving pictures and various sounds to express and show the relationship between people and the environment in various countries around the world, as well as the resulting customs, lifestyles, and cultural levels. It is easy to understand and clear.
However, the comprehensiveness of film does not refer to the simple addition of various artistic components, but to the integration of the artistic components contained in various art forms into something new for expression. In addition to the unique characteristics of general literature and art, it also has its own individual characteristics. This is because the expression tools of film art are different from other artistic expression tools. Movies are reflected with cameras. The camera has the characteristic of truly recording and reflecting the time and space transformation of objects and their movements, thus forming a special film expression technique and film narrative language, organically and uniformly combining various artistic components into a new artistic expression image.
Because of this, as an art film, although it is the latest and youngest art born after many ancient traditional arts such as literature, drama, music, dance, painting, sculpture, photography..., it is also The only art so far that allows us to know the date of its birth. It has only been a hundred years since Lumière officially released the world's first successful film on December 28, 1895. Some of the ancient traditional arts have gone through thousands or thousands of years of vicissitudes. Even experts and scholars who specialize in art history are unable to examine the time when they came into being. Compared with ancient traditional arts, movies can only be regarded as a little brother. However, it came from behind and is a formidable successor. The youngest art - film, with its unparalleled artistic power, broke into the world of art and became the most popular and influential art of the same age. giant. The reason why it can do this is precisely because it is young and has its own advantages. Because film is not only born after ancient traditional arts, but also absorbs and digests the strengths of these arts while discarding their weaknesses, and organically synthesizes a variety of artistic factors to form a new and unique art. form. Therefore, the organic synthesis of multiple art categories is the most prominent aesthetic feature of film art, and comprehensiveness is the essence of film beauty.
Early film researchers started from the proposition of who the film resembles, and explored the basic persistence of film art and the mystery of film beauty. Their views and conclusions are very different. Some people think movies are like literature, some think movies are like drama, some think movies are like paintings, some say they are like music, etc. To name a few. Therefore, there are terms such as "visible literature", "film poetry", "visual symphony", "silent melody", etc., trying to define the essence of film beauty from the level of film aesthetics. Although these opinions have relatively reasonable basis, from today's perspective, their one-sidedness is obvious. Movies are neither like anyone nor like anyone else. Movies are movies, because movies are a comprehensive art that absorbs and includes literature, drama, music, dance, painting, sculpture, photography...a variety of artistic factors and integrates them into one.
The film contains literary factors, because it absorbs a whole set of methods to reflect the relationship between the objective world and reality from literature, and widely draws nutrients from various genres of literature, such as absorbing lyricism from poetry. nature, drawing documentary quality from prose and narrative quality from novels. In terms of narrative techniques, it also draws on subjective narrative and objective narrative, external description and inner analysis, as well as various forms of structural principles in literature. In short, no matter in terms of character creation, plot structure arrangement, description of details, or narrative method, the movie draws on literary experience and has literary elements. The dramatic factors present in the film are reflected in the use of a series of artistic methods and means such as actor performance, scene scheduling, conflicts and suspense. The music factor in the movie is manifested in the use of melody to match the picture to create an environmental atmosphere, exaggerate emotions and rhythm changes. As for the painting, sculpture, photography and other factors in the film, they are not only reflected in the modeling and visual reproduction, but also in the treatment of composition, color and light and shadow, drawing on the experience of these arts, and many special terms in the film such as picture, Tone, tone, lens, focal length, etc. are all borrowed from these arts.
The film has absorbed a whole set of methods from literature to reflect the relationship between the objective world and reality. It has drawn on literary experience and methods in all aspects from character creation, plot structure arrangement, detailed description to narrative form. and techniques, thus possessing literary elements. But when literature enters film, it has undergone qualitative changes due to the constraints of film, digestion and integration, rather than film plus literature. There is a qualitative difference between the literary elements in film and literature as an art of language. Because although movies widely draw on the experience, methods and techniques of literature to shape artistic images, literature shapes literary images through the only medium of language and literature, while movies use pictures and sounds as well as special means of expression that are unique to movies—— Montage to create a screen image. Writers use language to write stories, people, and souls. Literary images give readers associations through abstract language symbols, while screen images specifically and directly appeal to the audience's audio-visual senses through visible pictures and audible sounds. It can be seen that the literary factors in the film are by no means film plus literature.
Movies draw nutrients from paintings, including the use and processing of composition, light and shadow, color, and lines. They have elements of painting. However, the introduction of painting into movies is not the addition of movies and paintings. The painting factors in movies are restricted by movies. It is qualitatively different from the art of painting. The means of painting to reproduce life are lines and colors, and the means of film are pictures, and there are sounds to match them. The modeling images in paintings can only transform movement into stillness, and see movement in stillness, and cannot express the continuous movement of objects. The modeling images on the screen are always changing and continuously moving modeling images.
Movies absorb nutrients from drama and include elements of dramatic art. However, when drama enters movies, it is digested and integrated under the constraints of movies, which also produces qualitative changes. It is not movies plus drama. The concept and processing of time and space in movies are qualitatively different from the concept and processing of time and space in drama. Stage space is fixed, screen space is constantly changing. Stage time is real physical time, while screen time is non-physical time that can be freely extended, compressed, and stagnated. Therefore, the time and space expression in drama is limited, while the time and space expression on the screen has great freedom. Not only that, there are also qualitative differences between theatrical performances and film performances. The performer's performance and the appreciator's appreciation are completed immediately and simultaneously, which is a characteristic of dramatic performance; while film performance is another situation: the performer is present and the appreciator is absent; the appreciator is present Appreciation, the performer is absent, the performer's performance and the appreciator's appreciation cannot be completed at the same time, nor at the same time. Therefore, this determines that theatrical performance and film performance each have their own special rules and are not consistent.
When other arts enter the film, they will also undergo qualitative changes. All these show that the film absorbs a variety of artistic categories. It is not a simple addition of various arts and pieces together, but a process of A chemically integrated organic whole. Film absorbs various art categories to form comprehensive aesthetic characteristics. In essence, it is an organic synthesis of time art and space art. Because of this, as a new type of art that combines time art and space art, film overcomes the limitations and shortcomings of traditional pure time art that is difficult to fully express space and traditional pure space art that is difficult to express time. It can fully express time. It can fully express space, so it has huge expressive potential and artistic possibilities.
It is not difficult to see from this that the comprehensive essence of movies, which embraces multiple art categories, is that it is a synthesis of visual art and auditory art. It overcomes the difficulty of pure visual art in meeting people's aesthetic needs for auditory images and pure auditory art. Art cannot meet the limitations of people's aesthetic needs for visual images, but it has the advantage of integrating the best of both audio and visual, becoming the most popular art form.