Classical Chinese teaching is an important part of Chinese teaching, and classical Chinese test questions are the highlight of college entrance examination. Students often ask, how to learn classical Chinese well so as not to lose points in the college entrance examination? I think if we can pay attention to the following points, we can learn classical Chinese well and improve the hit rate of the college entrance examination.
First of all, we must have relevant historical knowledge. As the saying goes, literature and history are not separated. Everyone lives in an era, and the politics, economy and culture of this era will certainly have an impact on him. Therefore, only by understanding the era of this person's life can we understand the connotation of his works. For example, Qu Yuan advocated reform and hoped that Chu would be strong, but the king of Chu was "confused by Zheng Xiu at home and bullied by Zhang Yi abroad", alienated Qu Yuan first, and then exiled him to the Miluo River, which made his reform ambition impossible and buried him in the river. Knowing this history, it is much easier for us to understand Li Sao.
Second, have relevant cultural common sense. China's ancient culture is profound and rich in connotation, and many contents are constantly evolving with the development of history. Such as name and title, official position and imperial examination, geographical knowledge, patriarchal manners and customs, clothing and utensils, calendar criminal law, ancient book annotation style, etc., are greatly different from ancient times to modern times. Although students don't need to master all these contents, they should also accumulate what they encounter in their studies as their own knowledge reserves, so that they can call them at any time in classical Chinese learning and exams.
Third, learn to "solve the belly of the ancients with the heart of the present." We live in today's society, and in the face of disasters, we will unite as one. In the face of ugliness, they will attack and lash; We will work together to resist external humiliation. In fact, this kind of thoughts and feelings are in the same strain. In the face of external humiliation, Wen Tianxiang wrote: "Since ancient times, no one has died, keeping the heart of Dan to shine in the history of history." Facing the sufferings of the people, Du Fu wrote: "The wine in Zhumen stinks and the bones on the road freeze to death." Therefore, when we study ancient Chinese, we should be good at comparing and associating the feelings of the ancients with those of today, so as to try to figure out the thoughts of the ancients and accurately understand the essence reflected by classical Chinese.
Fourth, grasp the teaching materials and lay a solid foundation for classical Chinese. When learning classical Chinese, we must master the knowledge points that appear in textbooks: ① Phonetic sounds, including polyphonic characters and different reading characters. ② Meaning, including ancient and modern different meanings, polysemy and flexible use of parts of speech. ③ Sentence patterns in classical Chinese, including special sentence patterns and complex sentences in classical Chinese.
Fifth, to learn a classical Chinese, we should do the following: first, grasp the article as a whole and understand its main contents; Secondly, put the understanding of paragraphs into the overall grasp of the text; Third, in the specific language environment, we can further understand the words in the context; Finally, on the basis of the first three conditions, further understand the deep meaning of the article.
2. Ways to learn classical Chinese. What is classical Chinese? As the name implies, it is the language of ancient Han people. Any language can be divided into spoken language and written language.
We can't understand what the spoken language of the ancients was like. Today, we can only learn ancient Chinese on the basis of written language.
What about the ancient written language? Please look at the following two paragraphs: history. Confucius said, "Do you know that my late king had a road to supreme virtue, so as to obey the world and make people harmonious and have no complaints from top to bottom?" Ceng Zi walked out of the meeting and said, "If you are not sensitive, how can you know?"
Confucius said, "The filial piety of a husband is also the foundation of teaching." -"Xiao Jing" Confucius's apprentice, surnamed Zeng, once served in front of the tree roots.
Confucius said: "sages have the best virtue and the most important truth." With this activity, the governance of the world is smooth (Mongolian auxiliary word, equivalent to "ah")
Everyone is natural and pleasant. No one complained.
Do you save (understand)? "Ceng Zi got up and said," I don't save it, how do you know? Confucius said: "The activity of filial piety is the root of virtue." . The activities of teaching people are born in this filial piety. "
-The first paragraph quoted in Guan Yunshi's Direct Interpretation of the Book of Filial Piety is the original of the Book of Filial Piety written in classical Chinese. In the second paragraph, Guan Yunshi, the minister of Yuan Dynasty, explained the "vernacular text" in the Book of Filial Piety.
At that time, the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty could not understand the Book of Filial Piety, so the ministers who were proficient in Chinese explained it in the spoken language at that time and wrote it down to become a vernacular that reflected the spoken language at that time. It can be seen that the written language of ancient Chinese also has two systems: classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese.
The study of ancient Chinese is not mainly about ancient vernacular, but about classical Chinese. How did classical Chinese come into being? What does it have to do with spoken English? Classical Chinese was close to spoken English at first, and then gradually divorced from spoken English, forming a relatively stereotyped vocabulary and grammar system.
Spoken language is constantly developing and changing, while classical Chinese is a relatively solid state, but it is not a static level. Especially after the Qin and Han Dynasties, when writers imitated the classic works of the pre-Qin Dynasty, they could not help adding new words and expressions to the classical Chinese under the influence of oral and folk creation at that time, thus making the classical Chinese develop and change.
Therefore, we say that classical Chinese is a written language formed by more processing and refining on the basis of spoken Chinese in the pre-Qin period, and the language of later writers imitating their works, such as a hundred schools of thought contend, historical records, Hanshu, eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, Tongcheng School and so on. , are examples of the practical use of ancient Chinese. It was not until the May 4th Movement that classical Chinese gradually withdrew from the historical stage and was replaced by modern vernacular Chinese.
Therefore, the May 4th period is generally defined as the dividing line between ancient Chinese and modern Chinese. Why did the study of ancient Chinese focus on classical Chinese, especially the prose of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, rather than the ancient vernacular? This is because in the long social development of our country, classical Chinese has undertaken the task of recording, spreading and accumulating the cultural heritage of the motherland. Many great politicians, thinkers, scientists and literary artists of all ages have used this language, leaving us with a lot of cultural classics.
If we want to inherit this heritage today, we must have the ability to read ancient books. So when we study and study ancient Chinese, the natural focus is on classical Chinese.
From Yin Dynasty to the end of Qing Dynasty, classical Chinese changed, but its basic vocabulary, structure and expression had been basically finalized as early as the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, and many typical classical Chinese works were created. Therefore, as long as you can understand the typical classical Chinese in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, you can understand most of the later classical Chinese, which can be regarded as learning ancient Chinese well.
What is the ancient vernacular? Ancient vernacular is a written language formed on the basis of northern dialects after Tang and Song Dynasties. For example, Bianwen in the Tang Dynasty, Dunhuang popular literature works, Song scripts, Jin and Yuan operas and Ming and Qing novels are all representatives of ancient vernacular.
Although ancient vernacular Chinese is vernacular Chinese, it is different from the vernacular Chinese we speak today. Generally speaking, it is mainly spoken, mixed with some classical Chinese elements. Even spoken English is not so easy to read today because of the differences in regions and times, so we call it "ancient vernacular" (the ancient vernacular formed from the late Tang and Five Dynasties to the May Fourth Movement, which is generally called modern Chinese in academic circles).
The ancient vernacular is the link between ancient Chinese and modern Chinese. If you don't know the ancient vernacular, you can't say that you have a comprehensive understanding of ancient Chinese.
Therefore, the study of ancient Chinese should also attach importance to the study of ancient vernacular Chinese. However, compared with classical Chinese, ancient vernacular Chinese is generally closer to modern Chinese and less difficult. Moreover, the use of ancient vernacular Chinese is generally limited to popular literary works after the Tang and Song Dynasties, and cannot be the focus of our study of ancient Chinese.
How did the predecessors study ancient Chinese and what contributions did they make? Ancient Chinese has been studied since it came into being, but the real beginning is to ask questions. Traditional philology in China includes philology, phonology and exegetics, which are collectively called "primary schools".
But in different periods, there are different emphases. Mr. Wang Li believes that the study of ancient Chinese can be roughly divided into three stages from Han Dynasty to Qing Dynasty.
From the early Han Dynasty to the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it was the stage of semantic research, that is, the study of textual research and exegesis was emphasized. Because the Han Dynasty advocated Confucianism and advocated reading classics, every Confucian student required the ability to read ancient books, and naturally paid more attention to the study of semantics. Representative works include Erya, Dialect, Shuowen Jiezi and Shi Ming.
During this period, in order to meet the needs of reading classics, many masters of Confucian classics appeared, among which Zheng Xuan was the most famous. His comments on The Book of Songs, The Rites of Zhou, The Book of Rites and The Book of Rites also have great influence on later generations. The period from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the end of Ming Dynasty is the stage of phonology research.
After the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the study of poetic rhythm rose, so the study of rhythm and prosody became a "hot topic" at that time. Shen Yue's "Four Tones Spectrum" in the Southern Dynasties shows that at that time, people had realized that Chinese had four tones and applied this understanding to the practice of poetic rhythm.
During this period, rhyme books have begun to appear. Qieyun, written by Lu Fayan in Sui Dynasty, is the earliest existing rhyme book. It has a very important position in the history of China. According to the phonetic system of Qieyun, we can push up the ancient sound and test the present sound. Since13rd century, phonetic research has mainly focused on the language of northern dialects.
Central Plains Rhyme written by Zhou Deqing in Yuan Dynasty was written for the needs of northern music creation, and it is a general course of modern Chinese.
3. Introduction to the learning experience of classical Chinese Many middle school students lament that classical Chinese is difficult to learn, and the more they learn, the more boring they become.
In fact, learning classical Chinese must first have a correct attitude and adhere to the principle of "making the past serve the present". We study classical Chinese today, not to write classical Chinese, but to let us master one more tool, better criticize and inherit the ancient cultural heritage and better master modern Chinese.
Secondly, we should master some necessary learning methods to improve our interest and efficiency in learning classical Chinese. The following methods can be used for students' reference: 1. The method of converting familiar reading into reciting.
Reading aloud is a traditional learning method in China. This is the truth that "you can recite poems if you can't write them". (1) Reading should have a clear goal.
Consult reference books, annotate new words with notes, and read the text clearly and accurately; Read through the full text with preview tips or self-reading tips. (2) Cultivate a sense of language in reading aloud.
From the psychological point of view, reading aloud is a necessary means to cultivate language sense and improve language learning effect. Relevant research data show that human organs can communicate and interact with each other.
When we open our mouth and read aloud, we not only move our oral organs, but also act on our ears. When language sense information is input to human visual and auditory organs, the brain feels it almost simultaneously, the time difference is greatly reduced, the accuracy is greatly improved, and the efficiency of understanding and perception is doubled. Second, think about questioning methods.
Now that students have more information at hand, it will inevitably make them rely on their thoughts, and they will not listen carefully and pay attention to thinking in class. They always feel that the material says, why bother? In this way, it will affect their ability to learn classical Chinese. This situation can be changed by independent thinking and classroom questioning, which requires students to make full preparations for preview: first, circle the words they don't understand on the basis of self-reading; Secondly, try to find out the key sentences in the article and sort out the difficult sentences in your understanding; Then try to tell the text in the form of stories.
Persisting in learning classical Chinese in this way can not only cultivate students' good reading habits, but also help improve their reading ability. Third, semantic reasoning.
It is the key to learn classical Chinese well, clarify the main idea of the article and remove the obstacles in writing. Students can seek hidden information, infer the meaning of difficult words and cultivate their reasoning ability according to the context. (1) is associated with the context to infer semantics.
Classical Chinese has certain rules to follow because of the unique laws and writing habits of Chinese characters. Cultivating the habit of inferring the meaning of words in combination with context is helpful to improve the ability of translating classical Chinese. (2) Inferring semantics with old knowledge.
In the process of learning, students should be good at connecting with old knowledge, synthesizing, comparing and classifying. If you learn the strategy of "strategy is not in the way" (Ma Shuo), you can contact the strategy of "twelve turns of strategy" (Mulan poetry), so that you can compare the old and new knowledge, consolidate the old knowledge, acquire new knowledge and cultivate your own ability. It's really called "reviewing the past and learning the new".
Fourth, the corresponding translation methods. There are many ways to translate classical Chinese.
Such as reservation, deletion, adjustment and so on. I think the most basic method is to adopt the principle of one-to-one correspondence and strive to realize all translatable words.
Understand the notes below the text, and with the help of reference books, use today's words to express the meaning of classical Chinese sentences. If you don't understand, please ask the teacher for advice. On this basis, the language is supplemented, deployed and standardized with the grammatical requirements of modern Chinese.
As for the names of people, places, countries, years and officials in classical Chinese, it is ok to keep them. Five, the classification accumulation method.
"If you don't accumulate steps, there will be no miles; If you don't accumulate small streams, you can't become rivers and seas. " The accumulation of knowledge is the basis of improving ability, and the accumulation of classical Chinese knowledge is mainly in vocabulary.
Students can prepare a notebook to collect, classify, organize and accumulate with emphasis and pertinence. For example: (1) the accumulation of different meanings in ancient and modern times.
There are four common cases of different meanings in ancient and modern times: ① the expansion of meaning; (2) the narrowing of the meaning; ③ Transfer of word meaning; (4) the change of meaning. For example, the word "wife" in "Lead a wife into this desperate situation" (The Story of Peach Blossom Garden) means "wife and children" in ancient times and "man's spouse" in modern times, which is a narrowing of the meaning.
In addition, there are the accumulation of interchangeable words and function words. Through classification, comparison and accumulation, students can not only improve their ability to analyze classical Chinese vocabulary, but also realize the happiness and benefits brought by learning accumulation.
Paying attention to the study of classical Chinese and mastering effective learning methods will have unexpected effects on students' comprehensive and solid knowledge, developing their learning ability and improving their learning efficiency. First, learning classical Chinese, the most important thing is the knowledge of classical Chinese words and sentence patterns. Only by accumulating certain knowledge of classical Chinese can we read classical Chinese fluently.
1. Pay attention to preview. Before learning to teach yourself, you must translate word for word with the help of notes. Don't wait for the teacher to explain. Pay attention to find out difficult sentences and submit them to class discussion, and ask teachers and classmates for advice.
It is necessary to classify keywords, highlight key points and break through difficulties. There are many notional words in classical Chinese that are polysemy and multi-purpose. We should be good at memorizing, comparing, summarizing and sorting out, and learn "words" vividly.
2. Follow the principle of "Words are inseparable from sentences" to understand and appreciate the meaning and usage of notional words and function words, which are always shown in a specific language environment. When accumulating classical Chinese vocabulary, we should try to figure it out in combination with "context". Remember, there are five main sentence patterns in classical Chinese: judgment sentence, interrogative sentence, passive sentence, ellipsis sentence and inversion sentence, each of which has several different forms. Remember the form that is easy to remember and understand.
Second, Chinese textbooks emphasize the reading and reciting of classical Chinese, with the intention of enabling students to master the knowledge of classical Chinese, understand the meaning of the text and cultivate their language perception ability through more reading and reciting. Reading can be divided into four steps: 1. With the help of notes, finish the task of rough reading in the preview of rough reading text.
The primary task of rough reading is to dredge the text, and then perceive the text on this basis, and grasp the structure of the text as a whole. Combine your notes, read it two or three times according to the context, and then guess, you should be able to understand the text.
In rough reading, you should draw difficult words for discussion in class. 2. Ask questions, solve problems, read the text carefully, and be sure to read it carefully in class to be accurate.
4. What are the ways to learn classical Chinese? Briefly introduce several learning methods: First, master the basic language structure.
Classical Chinese can be roughly divided into words and sentences. Among them, words include content words and function words; Sentences can be divided into five categories: judgmental sentences, passive sentences, inverted sentences, ellipsis sentences and fixed sentences.
It is the basis of learning classical Chinese to master the language structure of classical Chinese systematically and understand its differences and connections with modern Chinese. Second, correctly break sentences.
There are no punctuation marks in ancient Chinese characters, so how to break sentences directly affects the understanding of the content of the article. The following points should be paid attention to in correctly breaking sentences: understanding keywords and judging the relationship between words; Understand a certain appreciation of ancient culture; Master the rules of dialogue, reporting and quotation in the text; According to the words at the beginning and end of the sentence and the idioms in the sentence.
Third, learn the correct translation methods. The principles of classical Chinese translation are: faithful to the original text, stereotyped words, literal translation as the main, free translation as the auxiliary.
The following points should be paid attention to in translation: supplement the omitted parts; Adjust the word order; Increase or decrease appropriately. Fourth, repeat reading.
As the saying goes, if you read a book a hundred times, its meaning will show itself. Reading more books can cultivate a sense of language and achieve the purpose of reading other ancient works skillfully.
In addition, classical Chinese pays great attention to the inner rhythm and rhythm, and repeated reading can fully appreciate the musical beauty of the works and improve the interest in learning.
5. What are the good ways to learn classical Chinese? 1) Classical Chinese is wonderful. There is no doubt about it. Classical Chinese is an important part of China traditional culture. This shows that the history of modern civilization in China is still very short, and it is necessary to deconstruct or interpret the traditional culture, because the inheritance of traditional wisdom is based on the correct interpretation of classical Chinese.
(2) Classical Chinese is knowledge. This is right, because classical Chinese is no longer a language, it is purely a kind of writing. But classical Chinese is knowledge, and so is Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Why not learn from Oracle Bone Inscriptions? By the way, it is precisely because Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a relatively primitive writing, so classical Chinese is the basis for further study of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and other traditional advanced writing (learning).
(3) Classical Chinese is also a skill. The expression, description, combination, transformation, metaphor, comparison and deduction of Chinese fully bear the style of Chinese civilization in ideological expression. Mastering the physical structure of classical Chinese has a profound understanding of modern Chinese, and there are "laws" to follow in the construction of new Chinese.
(4) "Classical Chinese" is the antonym of "vernacular Chinese". The structure of this word is as follows: classical Chinese-Chinese. The first "text" is "writing" and "speech" is language. "Classical Chinese" refers to "written language". It shows two meanings: first, it shows that classical Chinese is a language; Secondly, the language was written later. "Written" language also has two meanings: one is a culture that can have language without words, for example, most ethnic minorities only have language without words; Secondly, the function of language quits life and becomes history in the form of words.
The literal meaning of "classical Chinese" should be: the written language style. The latter's "text" refers to style.
(5) Does classical Chinese have a "future" besides archaeological research? In other words, what life application value will it have? I think there is. When the traditional life style fades out of modern society, people just ignore the social life in some marginal fields, which leads to the suspicion or neglect of classical Chinese in modern application. For example, in religious buildings, some inscriptions will still be written in classical Chinese, or in calligraphy and engraved with tools. The application of seal script is also mostly the same.
(6) The word "classical Chinese" can also include the relationship between language and writing in cultural history. In a certain form, once a language-including dialects-has "culture" and "writing", that is, writing, its language charm is reduced, while the function of writing is doubled. Because language is usually passed down orally and closely related to life, language has not yet entered the cultural state. It is the retention of life experience, without the expansion of words.
(7) In the process of reading classical Chinese, we will inevitably have an illusion: Did the ancients say so? I think this can be "felt" through the differences in the expression of written and spoken languages in the present tense, and there is not much difference in the structural rules between them. It can also be speculated that the ancient people's speech is just more casual, albino and popular than classical Chinese, and "three words and two beats" can also be used as a reference. As for reading classical Chinese now, of course, it does not mean repeating the words of the ancients, but reciting or silently reading a style.
(8) When reading classical Chinese, I feel that my thoughts are clear, just like reading the works of western philosophers occasionally, which is very solemn.
6. a good way to learn ancient Chinese is to open a Baidu library member at least 0.27 yuan/day, and you can view the full content in Library >
Original publisher: 6 14
It is not difficult to learn classical Chinese effectively. It is difficult to say, because there are many uncommon words in classical Chinese and the sentence patterns are changeable; It is not difficult to say, because it is not difficult to learn classical Chinese as long as you lay a good foundation, study hard and practice more. So, how to guide students to learn classical Chinese, or what are the effective ways to learn classical Chinese? 1. Guiding students to read aloud repeatedly is an important method and basic skill for learning classical Chinese. Reading aloud means reading the text repeatedly on the basis of initial understanding, gradually deepening the understanding, and gaining solid and rich perceptual knowledge, such as E799Be5Bae97AEE7ad94B4 893E5b19E3133433623764. Every time you read a classical Chinese, you should read the whole article first, grasp its main idea first, then remove the obstacles in reading with the help of reference books, understand difficult words, difficult words and sentences, further understand its meaning, and then understand the whole article sentence by sentence. This is an old saying of China, "You can read a book a hundred times before you can see it". Read more and read well, and your understanding will naturally deepen. Familiarity with reading can deepen understanding, and what you understand will make your memory stronger. It often happens that after reading a classical Chinese, although I am familiar with it, I sometimes swallow it and don't really understand it, but after a while, I will suddenly be enlightened and understand a lot. Read aloud with accurate pronunciation, clear sentences (not broken sentences) and intonation. Second, to guide students to master the laws of language and learn classical Chinese, the biggest obstacle is language, which requires us to truly master the words of classical Chinese and the general laws of ancient Chinese. 1, pay attention to the polysemy. For classical Chinese vocabulary, from pronunciation to word meaning, we must read and understand it accurately, so as to draw inferences from other words. Sometimes, the same word has different meanings in different language environments.
7. Methods of learning classical Chinese 1. Master the basic knowledge structure.
Classical Chinese can be roughly divided into words and sentences. Words can be divided into content words and function words. Among them, notional words can be divided into five categories: ① monosyllabic words and disyllabic words. Classical Chinese is dominated by monosyllabic words, while modern Chinese is dominated by disyllabic words. For example, the word "wife" is a disyllabic word in modern Chinese, meaning wife, while it is two monosyllabic words in classical Chinese, meaning wife and children. ② The ancient and modern meanings are different. Including synonym enlargement, word meaning reduction, word meaning transfer, color change and name expression change. (3) The word is polysemous. For example, the original meaning of the word "yin" is to open the bow, and there are five kinds of extensions: extension and elongation; Procrastinate; Guide and lead; Take it and lead it; Stay back. Stay back. 4 leave. Including interchangeable words, borrowed words and ancient and modern words. Its basic law is "homophone substitution". ⑤ Flexible use of parts of speech. Including: nouns are used flexibly as adverbials; Nouns are used flexibly as verbs; Adjectives as nouns; Adjectives are used flexibly as verbs; Causative usage, dynamic usage, intentional usage and behavioral usage. Sentences can also be divided into five categories: judgmental sentences, passive sentences, inverted sentences, ellipsis sentences and fixed sentences. Among them, inversion can be divided into subject-predicate inversion, verb-object inversion, object postposition and adverbial postposition.
Break a sentence
The ancients wrote articles without punctuation marks, and how to break sentences directly affected the understanding of the contents of the articles. Pay attention to the following points correctly: first, accurately grasp the basic knowledge of classical Chinese, understand key words and judge the relationship between words. Secondly, we should know some common sense of ancient culture. Such as the expression of names, places and official positions, and the writing habits of euphemisms and taboos. Third, master some rules of dialogue, reporting and quoting in the text. For example, words such as "Yue", "Yun" and "Shu" are often used as signs before quoting and reporting the content. Fourth, judge according to the common words at the beginning and end of the sentence. As usual, the words used at the beginning of a sentence are beggar, Fu, Shi, Hou, Gong, Ran Ran, Ran, Gong, Thief and Widow. Usually used at the end of the sentence are modal auxiliary words such as you, evil, Hu, and existence, and disyllabic function words such as helpless, yi zai, yun er,. There are also relatively independent exclamations commonly used at the beginning of sentences, such as: fu, Hu, alas, etc. Fifth, you can also break sentences according to common idioms in sentences. For example, words indicating ordinal number and order, words indicating questions. In addition, sentences can be broken according to common sentence patterns, fixed sentence patterns or figures of speech.
3. Master the correct translation methods
People usually take "faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance" as the standard to measure the quality of translation, and so does the translation of classical Chinese. A good translation can truly and perfectly reproduce an article in another language environment. If an article with profound meaning and literary talent is translated stiffly or difficult to understand, it will not fully achieve the purpose of translation, and at the same time it will distort the original text. It can be seen that translation not only reflects the comprehensive level of classical Chinese, but also reflects the translator's expressive ability and writing level. "Faithfulness to the original text, the final version of each word, with literal translation as the main and free translation as the auxiliary" is the general principle to be followed when translating classical Chinese. Specifically, we should pay attention to the following points in translation: ① supplement the omitted parts. Omitted parts in the original text, such as predicate, subject, object, etc. , should be supplemented as appropriate. ② Adjust the word order. There are many inverted sentences in classical Chinese, such as predicate preposition, preposition object and attributive postposition. These word orders are different from those of modern Chinese and should be adjusted in translation. ③ Increase or decrease appropriately. Some sentences in classical Chinese are very concise and rich in meaning, which should be appropriately expanded in translation to fully express the meaning of the original text. On the contrary, some articles deliberately use a series of sentences with the same meaning but different opinions in order to increase the momentum and strengthen the effect. At this time, translation will be integrated and condensed. In addition, we should also pay attention to the tone of sentences, the relationship between sentences and rhetorical devices. , and fully and properly expressed in translation.
Read more
As the saying goes, "Reading a book a hundred times reveals its meaning." Read more, especially repeatedly. It is a magic weapon to learn classical Chinese well. It is difficult to achieve the effect by memorizing some grammar rules without the language environment. It is best to master the usage of words and important grammatical phenomena when reading. Reading more books can consolidate and deepen the knowledge learned in class and cultivate a sense of language, so as to achieve the purpose of reading other ancient works skillfully. Repeated reading is one of the basic skills in learning classical Chinese, which can make us have a rich perceptual knowledge of classical Chinese. Moreover, ancient works attach great importance to internal rhythm and rhythm. Repeated reading can fully appreciate the musical beauty of ancient Chinese and increase interest in learning.