brief introduction
Portrait of Sun Wu (from the engraving of three sages in Wanli period of Ming Dynasty)
Sun Wu, whose real name is Changqing, was honored by later generations as Sun Tzu, Sun Wuzi, a soldier sage, a teacher of a century-old strategist and the originator of eastern military science. Han nationality, born around 535 BC, was born in Le 'an [1][2] (now Guangrao County, Shandong Province) in the Spring and Autumn Period. The exact date of birth and death is unknown. He once saw He Lv, the prince of Wu, in Thirteen Articles on the Art of War, and was appointed as a general. Led the troops to fight, invincible, Wu Zixu led Wu Jun to break Chu, winning five out of five, and led 60,000 troops to defeat 200,000 troops of Chu and enter the capital of Chu. Qi Jin in the north, Yue people in the south, famous soldiers. Thirteen Chapters is the earliest art of war in China, and it is known as the "Holy Book of the Art of War", ranking first among the seven books of the Art of War. It has been translated into English, French, German and Japanese, becoming the most famous model of military science in the world.
Historical Records and Biographies of Sun Tzu Wu Qi recorded the historical materials of Sun Wu, namely, Historical Records and Biographies of Sun Tzu Wu Qi. Sun Wu and Sun Wusun Sun Bin and Wu Qi made biographies together, which are recorded as follows.
Grandson's hometown-Guangrao, Shandong Province
Sun Wu is an iron rider, and he is also a man. Sun Tzu's Art of War is found in He Lv, the king of Wu. He Lv said, "I have read all the thirteen chapters. Can I try to control the soldiers?" ? "Yes," he said. He Lu said, "Can you try a woman?" Said, "Yes. "So, a maid-in-waiting, one hundred and eighty people. Sun Wu was divided into two teams, with favorite Ji as the captain, and both of them were ordered to go out.
Take the halberd. The order said, "Do you know your heart and your right hand?" The woman said, "I know." Sun Tzu said, "Before, you should look at your heart. Left, look at the left hand; Yes, look at the right hand; After that, I will see my back. " The woman said, "Yes." Constraints are laid, but they are set, that is, repeated orders and five applications. So to the right of the drum, the woman smiled. Sun Tzu said, "If the constraints are unknown and the application is unfamiliar, it will be a crime." After repeated instructions, the woman smiled again. Sun Tzu said, "If the constraints are unknown and the application is unfamiliar, it will certainly suffer." : those who are already clear and not as good as the law are also guilty of official crimes. "Is to cut the left ancient captain. From the stage, the king of Wu saw it and beheaded Aji, which was terrible. The interesting envoy ordered, "I know that generals can use soldiers." "I'm not the second age, and I don't want to eat. I would rather not cut it. Sun Tzu said, "Since I was appointed as a general, I am in the army, and your life will not be affected. "Then cut down the captain, two people to play favorites. Use the second as the captain, so go back. The woman knelt down left and right, right and left, all of them were quite satisfactory, and no one dared to make any noise. So Sun Tzu's emissary reported to the King: "Since the soldiers are neat, the King can try to observe them. Only the king can use them at will, even if it is to go through fire and water. Wu Wangdao: "The general should give up and give up. I don't want to see it. Sun Tzu said, "Wang Tu is good at his words, but he can't use them in fact. He Lv knew that his grandson could fight and thought that his grandson could fight. The west broke the strong Chu, entered Ying, and the north and Jin were famous princes, and Sun was strong and Yan.
Tai Shigong said: The divisions and brigades referred to in the secular world refer to the thirteen articles of Sun Tzu's Art of War and Wuqi's Art of War, which are too numerous to mention in the world, so we should discuss the people who act and set up. As the saying goes: "What can be done may not be said, and what can be said may not be done." Sun Tzu's plan is brilliant, but he can't save people from punishment. Wuqi said that the marquis of Wu did it in Chu because the situation was not as good as that of Germany, and it was not so kind to die. Sad husband!
Chronicle of events
Kurt Sun
One-year-old: According to Records of the Historian and the Book of the New Tang Dynasty, Sun Wu is a descendant of Sun Wan, the son of Chen State, and was born in Le 'an (now Guangrao, Shandong Province, is the back garden of Qi State and the seat of the allied governors). By 544 BC, Sun Wu was one year old.
Two years old: 543 BC, two years and five years of King Jing of Zhou, and Sun Wu was in Qi. Zi chan owns Zheng Zheng and Zheng Guo Dazhi.
Three years old: In 542 BC, King Jing of Zhou lived in Qi for three years and six years.
Four years old: 54 BC1,Zhou Jingwang four years, seven years, Sun Wu in Qi. Wu died, and Han was in charge of Jin Zheng. King Chu Lingyin besieged and killed him as King Chu Lingyin.
Five years old: In 540 BC, King Jing of Zhou lived in Qi for five years and eight years. In the spring, Duke Xiang of Jin asked Han to hire Lu, and he read books at the Taishi, Yi Xiang and Chun Qiu, and said, "Zhou's rites are all in Lu, knowing the virtue and knowing that Zhou is the king's reason."
Six years old: In 539 BC, King Jing of Zhou lived in Qi for six years and nine years. & gt Tian's loan, the big one goes out and the small one comes in, "people return like water"
Seven years old: In 538 BC, King Jing of Zhou lived in Qi for seven years and ten years. Chu You, Chen, Zheng, Xu, Xu, Teng, Deng, Hu, Shen, Xiao Xiang, Song Shizi Zuo, (now Nanyang North, Henan). Chu Ling Wang Chen and Cai attacked Wu, defeated (now Jiangdong, Jiangsu Province) and executed Qi Qingfeng.
Eight years old: In 537 BC, King Jing of Zhou was eight years old and eleven years old, and Sun Wu was in Qi. Lu abandoned the Han army and divided it into four innings. The first joint attack on Wu was defeated by Quean (now Tongling, Anhui).
Nine years old: In 536 BC, King Jing of Zhou was nine years old, and in 12 years, Sun Wu was in Qi. Chu attacked Xu, and Wu people saved it. Chu made Yin Zi attack Wu and was defeated (now southwest of Mengcheng, Anhui).
Ten-year-old: In 535 BC, King Jing of Zhou lived in Qi for ten years and thirteen years. In the sixth year of King Chu Ling, zhanghua Palace was built, and Lu Jun was called to congratulate him. Lu had to go to Chu. After Wei Xiang's death, Zi Ling was established.
Eleven years old: In 534 BC, in the eleventh and fourteenth years of King Jing of Zhou, Sun Wu was in Qi. Chu destroys Chen.
Twelve years old: In 533 BC, in the twelfth and fifteenth years of King Jing of Zhou, Sun Wu was in Qi.
Thirteen years old: In 532 BC, in the thirteenth and sixteenth years of King Jing of Zhou, Sun Wu was in Qi. Tian and Bao attacked Lu 'an, Luan Shi and Gao Jiang ran to Lu 'an. The field distributes food to the poor and widows, and it becomes stronger and stronger.
Fourteen years old: 53 BC1,14 years of Zhou Jingwang, 17 years of Sun Wu in Qi. In the thirteenth year of King Chu Ling, Cai was trapped and killed, Cai was destroyed, and Zishe became sick as Cai Gong. The rest of the prince died, and the rest of his brothers stood upright.
Fifteen years old: In 530 BC, in the fifteenth and eighteenth years of King Jing of Zhou, Sun Wu was in Qi. In the eleventh year of King Chu Ling, he sent troops to surround Xu Yiwei and threatened Wu.
Sixteen years old: In 529 BC, King Jing of Zhou was sixteen years old and Sun Wu of Qi was nineteen years old. Prince Chu gave his life to be ill (Cai Gong), Prince Bi (Zi Gan), and Prince Hei (Zi, the younger brother of Ling Wang) led Chen, Cai, Bu Tang, Xu and Ye to surrender to Chu, and Ling committed suicide, making him king. Abandoning his illness and threatening Zi Bi and Zi Xi with the arrival of the Spirit King, he committed suicide and acceded to the throne for the sake of King Chu Ping, and was named Xiong Ju. Come to Tuesday (now Fengtai, Anhui).
Seventeen years old: In 528 BC, in the seventeenth and twentieth years of King Jing of Zhou, Sun Wu was in Qi. When King Chu Ping was first established, he was afraid that the people and governors of China would rebel, but he benefited the people and was good to his neighbors, and did not fight for five years.
Eighteen: In 527 BC, in the eighteenth and twenty-first years of King Jing of Zhou, Sun Wu was in Qi. The rest of the princes were all dead, and his son stood upright.
Nineteen years old: In 526 BC, in the nineteenth and twenty-second years of King Jing of Zhou, Sun Wumeng studied in Mengshan. Qi attacked Xu and reached Pusui (now southwest of Suining, Jiangsu).
Twenty years old: In 525 BC, in the twentieth and twenty-third years of King Jing of Zhou, Sun Wumeng was studying in Mengshan. Wu Wangliao attacked Chu, fought on the Long Shore (now along the Yangtze River and yuxikou), and was defeated. He lost the king's ship "Jade Emperor", and his son Ji Guang (Zhu Fan) raided the Chu army at night and regained the "Jade Emperor".
Twenty-one years old: In 524 BC, in the twenty-first and twenty-fourth years of King Jing of Zhou, Sun Wu roamed the world and inspected the ancient battlefield.
Twenty-two years old: In 523 BC, in the twenty-second and twenty-fifth years of King Jing of Zhou, Sun Wu roamed the world and inspected the ancient battlefield. Fei Wuji (taboo) wants the alienated prince to build a city, please build a city in the city father (now Pingdingshan North, Henan Province), let the prince live in it and communicate with the north. Chu came to Zhangzhou to build a city and refused Wu. Because of his outstanding achievements in separatist regime, he was named a grandson, and his food was collected in Le 'an.
Twenty-three years old: In 522 BC, in the twenty-third and twenty-sixth years of King Jing of Zhou, Sun Wu was in Qi State, reading extensively, studying the theory of the art of war in past dynasties and preparing the art of war. Fei Wuji declared that Prince Jian was a traitor outside Fangcheng. King Chu Ping summoned him, Jian ran to Song, and then to Zheng, who killed him. Wu Zixu's father, brother and family were killed by Chu, and Wu Zixu went to Wu.
Twenty-four years old: 52 BC1,twenty-four years of Zhou, twenty-seven years of Sun Wu, in.
Twenty-five years old: In 520 BC, in the twenty-fifth and twenty-eighth years of King Jing of Zhou, Sun Wu was in Qi. King Jing of Zhou is dead. China people have a strong eldest son. Zichao fought fiercely for a position. Jin sent troops to help Meng. Intense melody death metal, mourning for the public. His younger brother was appointed Zhou.
Twenty-six years old: 5 19 BC, the first year of Zhou, twenty-nine years, Sun Wu was in Qi. Wu Wangliao for eight years, attacking Youzhou. Chu went to the rescue with Dun, Hu, Shen, Cai, Chen and Xu, and fought with Chicken Father (now southeast of Gushi, Henan, southwest of Shouxian, Anhui), and the Chu army was defeated.
Twenty-seven years old: 5 18 BC, Tuesday, thirty years, Sun Wuqi. In the eleventh year of King Chu Ping, with the ship owner and the Yue people seeing the territory of Wu, King Chu Ping returned to Tuyang (now the southern border of Chao County, Anhui Province). After Wu Niechu, the death knell went out (now northeast of Fengyang, Anhui).
Twenty-eight years old: 5 17 BC, Wednesday, thirty-one years, Sun Wuqi. Lu led troops to attack the family, and the "Sanhuan" allied forces rebelled and fled together after being defeated. Confucius became a courtier of Gao because he led his disciples in a mess.
Twenty-nine years old: 5 16 BC, Thursday year, thirty-two years, Sun Wuqi. After the death of King Chu Ping, Zi Zhen represented King Zhao Chu.
Thirty years old: In 5 15 BC, in Friday and in 33 years, Gao United Luan, Bao and Tian to fight against Yanying together. Sun Ping was involved. He was afraid of being defeated. Sun Wu fled to Wu, hid in the vault and wrote thirteen articles on Sun Tzu's Art of War. In the twelfth year of Wu Wangliao, he attacked Chu and sneaked around (now northeast of Huoshan, Anhui). Chu Zuo Yinbo didn't wait, but Wu Jun was trapped and couldn't retreat. Childe took the opportunity to invite Wu Wangliao to dinner and sent Zhuan Xu to assassinate Liao Wang. Ji Guang succeeded the king of Wu. However, Chu Bo took advantage of the rebellion of Wu State to defeat Wu Shi and returned home in triumph. Fei Wuji, a jealous general, designed to kill Bo Danwan's family, but Bo was happy to run to Wu. China people accused Yin Nangwa, who killed Fei Wuji, a general.
Thirty-one years old: 5 14 BC, the sixth year of Zhou, the first year of King He Lv. He Lv takes Wu Zixu as a pedestrian and Bo Xi as a doctor. Wu Zixu was ordered by He Lu to ask Sun Wu to go out for training and behead. He Lv worshipped Sun Wu as a marshal and strategist, and was in charge of Wu Zhi's state affairs.
Thirty-two years old: 5 13 BC, seven years, two years in He Lv. Grandson is in Wu.
Thirty-three years old: 5 12 BC, eight years in a week, three years in He Lv. Wu adopted the strategy of dividing troops and disturbing Chu, begging Wu to rebel against his ministers, breaking Chu's wings and destroying Xu and Zhong You.
Thirty-four years old: 5 1 1 BC, the ninth year of Zhou, and the fourth year of He Lv, the king of Wu. Wu took the third division to save Chu, and made many strategic mistakes in Chu, attacking Chu barbarians and sneak attacks. Sixth, ChuJun to save, Wu Jun attack string, ChuJun to save, Wu Jun retreat. The Chu people found that Wu Jun did return to China, but he returned to the army. As soon as the Chu army retreated, another army of Wu Zhi returned to attack Yeung Yi, but the Chu people had no choice. Wu Sui conquered Yeung Yi and killed Yan Yu and Zhu Yong.
Thirty-five years old: 5 10 BC, ten years, five years in He Lv. Chu Lian defeated Wu and was defeated by Wu Jun. He Lv made Wu Zixu make extra capital.
Thirty-six years old: 509 BC, eleven years, and six years. Grandson is in Wu.
Thirty-seven years old: in 508 BC, the twelfth year of the week, and the seventh year of He Lv. Tachileik continued to carry out the strategy of making mistakes in many aspects, luring children against Chu, luring them to fish, taking the bait, leading the troops to attack Wu, and losing to Wu Jun. Wu took the nest and got countless returns from his son. From then on, all the cities and governors east of Zhang Yu in Chu State were owned by Wu.
Thirty-eight years old: 507 BC, thirteen years, eight years in He Lv. Grandson is in Wu. Chu Nangwa asked Cai Zhaohou for Qiu, and asked Tang Chenggong for a horse, but was rejected by the second gentleman, and Nangwa unreasonably detained Tang.
Thirty-nine years old: 506 BC, fourteen years, nine years in He Lv. In the name of the Zhou royal family, Jin met with the princes of eighteen countries in Zhaoling and plotted to cut Chu. Jin asked Cai Zhaohou for a bribe, but he was not allowed to cut Chu. Bow Wow surrounded Cai, and Wu went to help, which started the battle of Wu breaking Chu into Ying. Wu Jun abandoned the ship in Huainan, crossed the Dabie Mountains, and attacked the Chunangwa Army in Baiju (now Macheng East, Hubei Province), winning the opportunity to attack Du Ying. Capsule tile embellish zheng; Zhao Haoqi fled into Yunmengze, was attacked by "thieves" and fled with him. Chu Shen asked Qin for help and cried for seven days. Qin Aigong sent his troops.
Forty years old: 505 BC, Zhou 15 years, and Lu 10 years. Qin saved Chu and defeated Wu Bing. He Lv's brother-in-law returned to Wu Zili, and He Lv first returned to Wu and regained the throne. Wu Jun returned home one after another. King Zhao of Chu returned to Ying.
Forty-one years old: in 504 BC, I was sixteen on Monday, and He Lv was eleven. Wu attacked Chu, defeated his navy division and defeated his land division in Fanyang (now Xincai North, Henan Province).
Forty-two years old: in 503 BC, Zhou was seventeen, and He Lv was twelve. Sun Wu saw that Helv was increasingly bossy and decadent. He indulged in debauchery and ignored the advice of ministers, so he retired to the mountains on the grounds of visiting relatives in his hometown. Since then, history has never been remembered. Some people say that he returned to Qi, reunited with his family and enjoyed his family. Some people say that he lived in seclusion and died at the age of 75, that is, in 470 BC, and finally in Gusu, Wu, which is now Wu County under the jurisdiction of Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province. Such things are legends, and there is no history to test.
The life of the character
In fact, Sun Wu's distant ancestor was neither a grandson nor a field, but a descendant of Chen Wan, the son of Chen State in the Spring and Autumn Period.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Chen was a small country, located in eastern Henan and northern Anhui, with its capital in Chen (now in Huaiyang, Henan). The first monarch was Zhou Wuwang's daughter.
Shun's son was in charge of pottery when his father (official name). After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, hundreds of vassal states were established to protect the Zhou royal family. Jiang Ziya was enfeoffed by Zhou Wuwang to Qi State, which was established. Was subcontracted to Chen. Since then, it has been called Chen, and the country he founded has also been called Chen. Later, his descendants took the country as their surname, which was Chen.
In 707 BC, when it was transferred, civil strife broke out in Chen State. Chen Huangong's younger brother killed his older brother Chen Huangong, usurped the throne and became king on his own, known as Chen Ligong in history. Seven years later, Chen Huangong's son, Chen Lin, killed his uncle Chen Ligong and established himself as Chen Zhuanggong. Zhuang Gong reigned for seven years. After his death, his younger brother succeeded him as Chen. Chen Gongxuan made his eldest son, Yu Kou, a prince. In 672 BC, the favorite concubine Chen gave birth to a son for him. In order to please the favored concubine, Chen abandoned the official position, killed the prince Yu Kou, and made the son born to the favored concubine a prince. Childe Chen Wan (born in 705 BC) is the eldest son and a close friend of Prince Yukou before his death. He had a premonition that a catastrophe was coming, even life-threatening, so he decided to escape from Chen.
Chen had already planned out where he would go after leaving Chen. He witnessed that in the process of fighting for the hegemony of the Central Plains, Qi Huangong put aside past grievances and reused Guan Zhong, who had his own "revenge with one arrow", and Qi Xin made concerted efforts to rectify internal affairs, determined to reform, respected the king externally and recruited talents. So Chen Wan resolutely came to Qi.
When Chen Wan arrived in Qi, he saw that he was handsome, eloquent and sensible, and Chen Wan was the son of Chen. After Yu Shun, he planned to hire him as a distinguished guest, that is, Dr. Xuan, who was not a kinsman. Chen Wan declined humbly. Qi Huangong appointed him as the "Workers' Integrity" (official name) in charge of various handicrafts.
Chen Wan of the State of Qi abides by benevolence and righteousness, acts appropriately, and shows high moral cultivation. On one occasion, Chen Wan invited Qi Huangong to drink during the day, and it was already dark when it was in full swing. Qi Huangong said, "Light the lamp and keep drinking!" At this moment, Chen Wan stood up respectfully and said, "I only know how to serve the monarch and drink during the day, but I don't know how to accompany him at night. I really dare not order. " Later generations commented on Chen Wan's practice: "It is righteous to complete the etiquette with wine, which does not last indefinitely; After drinking with the monarch to complete the etiquette, he stopped letting the monarch go too far and too far. This is benevolence. "It is a good embodiment of Chen Wan's righteousness.
During his tenure as "Gong Zheng", Chen Wan not only helped Qi achieve the goals of "Gong another day" and "Qi another day", but also organized people to compile the book Kao. Because of Chen Wangong's excellent work and good personality, Qi Huangong gave him some granges. Chen Wan took refuge in order to remain anonymous. Second, he expressed his gratitude for sealing the Grange. Third, at that time, Chen and Tian were similar in pronunciation, so he took Tian as his surname and changed Chen Wan to Tian. When he arrived in other places, he married the daughter of Yi Zhong, a doctor of Qi, and his family gradually became rich and became a noble family of Qi. After Tian's death, posthumous title honored the bell.
Tian's son's name is Meng Yi. Tian Yisheng Min Mengzhuang. Tian Minmeng gave birth to Wen Zi, but not to Qi Zhuanggong. Tian Wenzi must have no life, and Huan Zi has no space, which is also Qi Zhuanggong's business. Tian Wuyu inherited Tian Jia's martial arts heritage, was famous for his bravery and good fighting, and was highly valued. He was a doctor and was sealed in Juyi (the birthplace of Sun Wu) of Qi State. Tian Wuyu has three sons: Tian Kai (Woods), Tian Qi (Li Zi) and Shu Tian (Shu Sun). Tian Kai has no official position and is a civilian. The main activity of his life was in Baiqintai (now Guangrao, then the back garden of Qi). He used to play drums and was a famous "musician" in Qi State. Tian Ji was a doctor of Qi, first Qi Jinggong, then Qi Daogong. During his administration, he deliberately used small barrels when collecting taxes from the people; When lending money to the people, they deliberately used big fights to secretly govern the people and collect people's hearts. Since then, Tian Jia has won the love of the people, "like running water", and Tian Jia has become increasingly strong. Sun Wu's grandfather, Uncle Tian (Sun), was an official and a doctor, but later he was renamed Sun Shu because of his surname. Tian (Sun), the son of Shu, is Sun Wu's father. His name is Zong, and he is from the Qing Dynasty. Tian Wu Yu, Tian (Sun) Uncle, and three generations of grandparents and grandchildren all served as officials in North Korea and held prominent positions, and once held power.
Sun Wu was born in such a hereditary aristocratic family whose ancestors were proficient in military affairs.