The Qing Dynasty (1636–1911) was the last feudal dynasty in China, which lasted for 267 years. Kang Yong has consolidated the development of three dynasties and has the reputation of "flourishing age". In the middle and late period, because of the closed door, it gradually fell behind the world. 19 1 1 year, the revolution of 1911 broke out, and the Qing dynasty collapsed, ending the feudal monarchy for more than two thousand years. Figure painting in the Qing Dynasty was relatively developed, and it can be compared with mountains, rivers, flowers and birds. In addition to court and literati painters, folk painting is also considerable. In addition, the modern publishing industry is booming, and there are more and more materials for various figure paintings. Due to the prosperity of figure painting, a considerable number of handwritten images have been left to modern times.
The emergence of brushwork or the excavation and inheritance of traditional brushwork, such as two-finger single hook, three-finger single hook and three-finger double hook; Or advocate the * * * method of four fingers and five fingers; Or create your own methods, for example, He Ji Shao changed to wrist memorization in his later years. Therefore, it can be seen from the images of calligraphy in the works of fine arts in the Qing Dynasty that various calligraphy methods coexist in this era, which is the most free and pluralistic period in the history of calligraphy (Figure17.1–17.27).
Regarding the pluralistic phenomenon of Dai Fei's writing, Yu Lingkui (1713-1801), who was famous for writing at that time, said in The Story of the Stone: "The old method, which has been handed down in the world, is that the index finger and the middle finger point to the joint. Or combine the fingertips of four fingers with the big fingers; Or special index finger. " There are four kinds of "handed down from ancient times" here, not to mention the alternative writing of self-creation and attachment to the ancients. Calligraphy lovers and calligraphers can't let people know what to do without tossing in this atmosphere? Let's listen to what Bao said in a pair of boats: "I tried to write a picture by myself and said,' Give full play to my energy and settle my feet first. When you realize that geese are swimming in the water, you know that it is difficult to put your fingers together. "Give a book a good name. However, practicing the name refers to years of strength, and its strength is beyond the middle finger; A few years later, the middle finger and the first finger are equal. Up to now, if you don't pay attention when writing a book, the power of five fingers is different from each other, and the power of ten thousand is different from it. Bao's pursuit of "five fingers together", "several years" and "several years" all ended in "less attention" and "uneven" This reflects that it is difficult to master this five-finger writing method, and it also reflects the possible problems. Another example is Kang Youwei, a master of stele studies. He also experienced some twists and turns in his writing before he got his own experience. He wrote a chapter on writing in Guang Yi Zhou Shuang Tan, or "Yue:' Put a pen before the big finger, and use the big finger and the middle finger to strengthen each other, which means that the palm is naturally solid and the palm is naturally empty. "Or Cloud" (Mr. Zhu Jiujiang) said:' When the wrist is at ordinary times, put that glass of water on it and don't tilt it; Vertical, when the big finger is out. "Or the cloud" Huang Xiaozhong said:' The index finger must be high, like the head of a goose.' "The final method is the" four-finger struggle "method, specifically:
Thumb and middle finger are sandwiched in the tube, which is a book of its own, but it suffers from its floating but not heavy, and its body is super but not hidden. If you have a flat wrist, your stroke arm will press down to the right, so you refer to it by name.