Summarize the development of the cultural field in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Song Taizu once asked his son and grandson never to kill the literati, and the status of the literati in the Song Dynasty was improved unprecedentedly. The ethos of valuing literature over martial arts reached its acme in the Song Dynasty. "Good iron does not nail, good people do not serve as soldiers" and "Zhu Zi is full of scholars." Such proverbs are all from the Song Dynasty. In Song Zhenzong, the top scholar Chen Yaozi refused to be a more advanced Wu Zhi. Under a series of backgrounds, such as the rise of Neo-Confucianism, the ebb of religious forces, the decline of speech control, the rise of civic culture, the prosperity of commodity economy, the invention of printing, etc., outstanding literati emerged in large numbers in the Song Dynasty, and the awareness of intellectuals was unprecedentedly awakened. Shi Yaobi thinks in "Ce Wen": "Only in the 200-odd years of my Song Dynasty, cultural relics flourished over hundreds of generations." Lu You also thinks in the preface to Lu Ji: "Song Xing, facing Confucianism, is above Han and Tang Dynasties." Later, due to the Mongolian invasion and hostile policy towards China literati, and the eight-part essay in Ming and Qing Dynasties and the literary inquisition in Qing Dynasty severely suppressed the free play of literati's thoughts, except in the late Ming Dynasty [1], there was no cultural scene as prosperous as that in the Song Dynasty in China.

Celebrities in Song Dynasty (4 photos)

Cheng Er, Zhu, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, Sima Guang, Shen Kuo and other outstanding figures are well-known throughout the ages. The invention and application of movable type printing, compass and gunpowder have made outstanding contributions to mankind [2].

The culture of the Song Dynasty has made unprecedented progress, and achieved fruitful results in various fields, enjoying a long-standing reputation and making outstanding contributions to mankind. Amin Song Lian said, "Since the Qin Dynasty, civilization has flourished in the Song Dynasty."

Sima Guang (4 photos)

There were eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and six in Song Dynasty. Besides Su Xun, Su Shi and Su Zhe, there are also Wang Anshi, Ceng Gong and Ouyang Xiu.

Four Great Calligraphers in Song Dynasty: Su Dongpo, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang.

Neo-Confucianism in Northern Song Dynasty: Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao.

Three sages in the southeast of the Southern Song Dynasty: Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu.

Four Great Masters in Southern Song Dynasty: Lu You, Yang Wanli, Fan Chengda and You Mao [1].

It is important that many celebrities in the Song Dynasty were born in poverty. Both Fan Zhongyan and Ouyang Xiu were born in single-parent families and grew up poor. Fan Zhongyan's father died when he was one year old, and his mother Xie took Fan Zhongyan, who was still in infancy, and remarried to Zhujiajian. Fan Zhongyan had a hard time since childhood, drinking porridge and studying hard. Ouyang Xiu couldn't afford a pen and paper at home when he was a child, and his mother taught him to read with a reed pole. In the end, through their own efforts, both of them became masters of culture, courtiers and pillars of the country. Fan Zhongyan and Ouyang Xiu may have similar fates, and they became real friends. Wang Anshi, Su Xun, Su Shi and Ceng Gong are all cultural masters trained by Ouyang Xiu. Su Shi also trained four famous Su Men Bachelor: Huang Tingjian, Qin Guan and Chao He. Lu You is a student in Ceng Gong, and Lu You and Xin Qiji are good friends. Their gathering together formed a cultural salon and a literary club. Many literary societies appeared in the Song Dynasty. In short, the Song Dynasty was a paradise for intellectuals [2].

Many famous painters appeared in Song Dynasty, including Fan Kuan, Guo, Zhou, Zhao, Xia Gui and Zhang Zeduan. What best represents the highest artistic level of Chinese painting is the broadness and artistic conception of landscape painting in Song Dynasty! There were many talented landscape painters in Song Dynasty, each with his own expertise and creation. Lin Yuan in the Northern Song Dynasty, Fan Kuan's Mountains and Snow Scenery, Xu Daoning's Trees and Waters, Guo's description of the subtle changes of the four seasons, Zhao Lingxiang's Lyrical Scenery, Mi Fei and Mi Youren's Yunshan Ink Painting, and Xia Gui's Landscape all reflect the art of landscape.

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