What is the central argument of doubt and learning? (User contribution)

After-class exercise 1 designed such a question: read the text silently and carefully find out the central argument and two sub-arguments of this article. As the teaching reference (teacher's book) said in the explanation of related exercises: "This question aims to train students to accurately grasp the arguments and understand the ideas of the article." Referring to the relevant text explanation of the faculty, it is clearly written: "The article begins with the famous sayings of ancient scholars in China, and puts forward the central argument through these two famous sayings: academic research must be skeptical." In the reference answer to the exercise, in addition to the same expression as above, it also adds "(or scholars must doubt first; Learning needs doubt), and the sentence "Doubt is not only a necessary step to distinguish authenticity, but also a basic condition for establishing new theories and inspiring new inventions from positive aspects" is divided into two arguments. Personally, I think the above analysis is debatable. First doubt: the text preview tips first guide students to think: What are the characteristics at the beginning of the text? What kind of topics are proposed? Obviously, the former is to make students understand that this text begins with the famous sayings of the ancients, thus distinguishing it from the text of the previous unit, while the latter shows its role in arousing topics and inspiring the whole article in the structure of the full text. The old saying is regarded as a topic here. As we know, topic and argument are two different concepts in argumentative writing. Therefore, preview tips and exercise design itself seem to be contradictory. Doubt 2: As far as quotation is concerned, its meaning is of course doubt, but in fact, the two sentences have their own emphasis. Cheng Yi said that "scholars must be suspicious first", which is in the method of academic research; Zhang Zai's "Doubt without doubt, never learned; "Learning needs doubt", and the preceding and following clauses are mutually causal, emphasizing the importance of doubt for learning. "So, if you want to use quotations as arguments, by contrast, Zhang Zai's words are more concise and more relevant. Doubt 3: Many analysts believe that the quotation at the beginning is not only the central argument of the full text, but also quotes famous sayings as arguments. This is like a proof problem in mathematics. It is far-fetched to take the problem of proof as the basis of proof. 1. The topic of this paper is doubt and learning, which shows that the topic of discussion is the relationship between them, that is, what is the meaning of "doubt" to "learning"? How effective is it? Therefore, if we argue from the front, we should focus on this aspect. In fact, the author expounds the function of "doubt" from both negative and positive aspects, and makes a clear summary in the middle of the article (section VI). This is not only the clarification and concretization of Cheng and Zhang's theory, but also the author's experience. It is precisely because of the important role of doubt in learning that we can naturally understand the author's intention in writing this article: to advocate a spirit of doubt to people. The opening quotation is to arouse people's awe through the mouth of the ancients. On this basis, it seems more reasonable to take quotation as an argument. Second, the central argument is the core of an article. It can not only cover the whole article in content, but also be the general outline of the full-text structure, which has an irreplaceable position in the article. We see that the first and second layers of this article are about the negative and positive aspects of doubt for learning, except for the introduction. If the opening quotation is removed, the article may be slightly inferior, but it is still complete and clear to read; However, if the author's summary is deleted, I'm afraid there will be a gap between this "ancient theory" and "modern theory". Third, from the perspective of writing, the opening quotation is also a routine of writing. In this way, the function of quotation is to lead to the topic, or to open the full text, to set the tone, introduce and create momentum for the article; Then quote the text and get to the point. In my opinion, this article is like this. In addition, it is unreasonable to understand it as a sub-argument according to the teaching reference. The so-called "divide" means to spread the argument in all paragraphs and at all levels. It is even more "unacceptable" to put them together in one place and forcibly "break up" people. Of course, the writing of the article is unique and eclectic; Personal understanding can also be that different people have different opinions and don't want to agree. However, I am afraid there is no need for more reasonable and unified opinions on special objects and key issues such as the mastery of famous articles and the central point of argumentative papers in Chinese textbooks. Therefore, I don't shy away from being humble, and I ask for advice for generosity. Zhou Xuean, Ke Qiao Middle School, Shaoxing County: 3 12030e E-mail: x _ uean @ sohu.com 2003,9,21Author's E-mail :x_uean@sohu.com Download this teaching plan:. Docx(Word document) related information: Develop the habit of learning Chinese (users contribute). The ability of plateau Chinese is nothing more than listening and speaking. 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