Sample research report for college students

It is of great significance for college students to carry out project research to cultivate their innovative ability, improve their practical ability and comprehensive quality. Below is a sample research report for college students that I compiled for you. Welcome to read.

Sample Research Report for College Students 1:

Wuhan College of Communication, Central China Normal University

(Sketching and Sketching Report)

Traveling long distances, After bypassing the mountains, Hongcun came out after thousands of calls.

Arriving at Hongcun, the sky was hazy, the majestic Huizhou mountains and the small villages nestled under the mountains were quiet and silent. The floors are stacked on top of each other, and the towering horse head wall stands quietly, simple and beautiful. This was the beginning of more than twenty days of sketching. I began to look forward to the rest of my life in a foreign land, eager to get to know such a beautiful and graceful ancient town in depth.

In fact, Hongcun was first called "Hongcun". According to the "Wang Genealogy", it was "expanded into Taiyi Xiang, so it was called Hongcun". During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, it was renamed Hongcun. , taking the meaning of great development. Hongcun is located in the northeast of Yi County, Anhui Province, with a village area of ??19.11 hectares. Hongcun was first built in the Shaoxi period of Nanning (1131 AD), and it has been more than 800 years. It is backed by Yangzhanling and Leigang Mountains, the remnants of Huangshan Mountain. The terrain is relatively high, and the clouds are often steaming and the clouds are shining. Sometimes it looks like splashing ink and heavy colors, sometimes it looks like a light brushwork, just like a long scroll of mountains and rivers, integrating natural landscape and cultural landscape. It is known as " The countryside in Chinese paintings”.

Stopping at Nanhu, you can see Hongcun in front of you. Since Hongcun is located at the southwest foot of Huangshan Mountain, surrounded by mountains, there is a pool of clear water in the South Lake, with sparkling waves, green lotuses swaying, ducks playing in the water, reflections floating on the water, the water and sky are the same color, and the distant peaks and nearby buildings all shine together. In this brightly colored lake, it is like a deep, elegant, fresh and bright ink painting.

Nanhu was built in the Dingwei year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1607). From the Yongle period to the Wanli period, Hongcun village had many buildings, scattered high and low, and the population multiplied. The Yuetang water storage alone was no longer enough. , and at the end of the Wanli year, hundreds of acres of fertile land in the south of the village were dug several feet deep, and stone banks were built around it to build South Lake, imitating the style of the West Lake, Pinghu Qiuyue. The lake is in the shape of a large bow. The embankment is divided into upper and lower layers. The upper layer is 4 meters wide. It turns out that the ancient trees are towering and green, with ivy coiled around the trunk, birds singing, and weeping willows with graceful branches and leaves, like a girl dressing up in the mirror. Her hair spreads into the lake water. The green lotus swaying on the lake surface and the ducks playing in the water are another sight to behold. The reflection on the entire lake surface is floating, the water and sky are the same color, the distant peaks are close to the house, falling into the lake, coupled with the interaction of the shade of the trees, the depth of the water and the sunlight, the light and dark are harmonious, the movement and stillness are appropriate, making it appear deep, elegant, quiet, fresh and bright. Nanhu has been overhauled three times in its history. The middle embankment was rebuilt in 1986. In the autumn of the Jiaqing year of the Qing Dynasty, Wu Xilin wrote an article after visiting Nanhu:

Strolling into the village, passing by the Yangchang Trail, there is also a village named Yuennum. The pond is also called Yuetang by the common people, which is the so-called "calf tripe". The people of Hongcun believe that "Qi will disperse when driven by the wind, and stop when bounded by water." There was a natural water eye at the original site of Yuen Marsh, and groundwater gushes out all year round. A pond was built at the natural water eye to store "inner Yang water". It can achieve the effect of "the beautiful scenery is dancing, and the peaks are falling into the pond". So they built the pond into a half-moon shape with the meaning of "the moon waxes and wanes", hence the name Moon Marsh. In the design of the moon marsh, the surrounding mountains were used as a reference, and the distant mountains and near water borrowed from each other, and the open water surface was very cleverly used to create a square effect. Although there is not much open space around the moon marsh, the space does not feel cramped, and because the surrounding horse head walls are scattered high and low, they are harmonious with the moon marsh, making the water surface clear with clear waves, whirling cloud shadows, and windy water. It's like a poem or a picture.

Moon Pond is a fusion of spring water and water pond. It mixes spring water and stream water in the village. After the two streams of running water merge, the pond water will flow clear and inexhaustibly all year round. It responds to the wishes of Hongcun people to gather Feng Shui. The running water flows continuously, the pond surface is like a mirror, the water source landscape and the stacked courtyards complement each other; the blue sky and white clouds fall into the water, old people chatting, young women wearing gauze, and urchins playing, a vivid folk custom. The style picture scroll is displayed in front of people.

Since then, the water flow has been winding around Hongcun, moving slowly and freely, and the moon marsh has naturally played a regulating role. This is also the wisdom of Hongcun people.

The moon marsh is green all year round, and the pond surface is as level as Mirrors, bluestones are spread around ponds and marshes, white walls and green tiles are neatly arranged on all sides, blue sky and white clouds fall into the water, old people are chatting, women are washing gauze and handkerchiefs, and urchins are playing. In fact, the area around the Moon Pond has become people's most enjoyable space, an open-air stage of "customs and sentiments", where villagers gather spontaneously. The geese dance on the anthurium in the pond, the ducks play on the clear waves, the smoke is thick in the air, and the Anhui wind ripples softly. Isn't this a beautiful folk painting of southern Anhui? So some people say that this is walking inside and outside the old house in Hongcun, looking up at the wooden structure composed of columns, rafters, beams, purlins, rafters and other components. Hands, bird rests, dougong, etc. are all carved and carved, with beautiful patterns, moldings and complex decorations. Various supporting wooden components under the eaves around the courtyard of the house are carved into various very vivid fairy figures, birds and beasts, and drama stories. The lines are smooth, elegant and handsome, which is dazzling, beautiful and breathtaking.

Chengzhitang, an ancient building highly praised by tourists, was built around 1855 as the residence of Wang Dinggui, a salt merchant in the late Qing Dynasty. It has a brick and wood structure. There are 136 wooden pillars in the whole house, nine large and small patios, seven floors, 60 large and small rooms, and 60 doors. It covers an area of ??2,100 square meters and a construction area of ??3,000 square meters. The whole house is divided into outer courtyard, inner courtyard, front hall, back hall, east wing, west wing, study hall, fish pond hall, kitchen, stables, etc. There are also Paishan Pavilion where mahjong is played, Tunyun Pavilion where opium is smoked, as well as the bodyguard room, maid's quarters, charity hall, small study room, etc. There are ponds and wells in the house, so you don't have to leave the house to use water. The front hall is a cloister structure with three rooms, divided into upper and lower halls, with carved beams and painted pillars. The patio is surrounded by tin water trees, and there is Nanhu Academy above. In the late Ming Dynasty, Hongcun people built six private schools on the north side of Nanhu, which were called "Yihu Sixth Academy". ". During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty (1814), it took four years to merge and rebuild the six academies into a large-scale private school, named "Yiwen School", also known as "Nanhu Academy".

The academy is an ancient building with a strong Huizhou architectural style, covering an area of ??more than ten acres. It is adjacent to a lake with clear water outside. There are exquisite rockeries inside and a century-old juniper pine on the ground. The academy consists of six parts: Zhidao Hall, Wenchang Pavilion, Qimeng Pavilion, Huiwen Pavilion, Wanghu Tower and Gion. "Zhidao Hall" is the place where Mr. Zhidao lectures; "Wenchang Pavilion" houses Confucius' tablets for students to look up and worship; "Qimeng Pavilion" is a place for enlightenment reading; Huiwen Pavilion is for students to read and review the Four Books and Five Classics; "Wanghu Pavilion" It is a place for viewing and resting during leisure time during teaching; "Gion" is the inner garden. The academy faces a clear lake in front and a series of buildings behind it, with white walls and black tiles, clear water and blue sky, complementing each other. The hall of the academy is majestic and spectacular, and the gate tower is well preserved. The original golden plaque "Yi Wen Jia Shu" was written by Liang Tongshu, a great calligrapher and lecturer of the Hanlin Academy in the Qing Dynasty, when he was 93 years old. On the west side is the "Wanghu Pavilion" with a rolling shed-style roof. The windows face the South Lake and a horizontal plaque with the words "Lake and Mountains" is hung on it. When you climb up, you can have a panoramic view of the lakes and mountains.

Historically, this was also a place where officials and scholars held meetings and gave lectures. Wang Kangnian, who served as secretary of the Qing cabinet, minister to Britain and Japan during the Republic of China, and acting state minister Wang Daxie, studied here when he was a child.

To this day, the long and charming music is still floating and echoing gently under the Yangzhan Ridge today. However, the people of the past have gone and the water flows from the east, leaving a corner of the old house empty for people to remember the ancient time that can never be returned in the sunset.

Sample Research Report for College Students 2:

Abstract

Based on the ecological footprint theory, this study builds an ecological footprint model to analyze the ecological footprint and impact of Xi'an in 2013. The ecological carrying capacity has been calculated, and the results show that Xi'an currently has a large ecological deficit, the ecological environment is under over-exploitation and utilization, and the development model is unsustainable. In order to alleviate this problem, it is necessary to control the population size in the city to ensure We will formulate countermeasures from the aspects of cultivated land and green area, and promoting low-carbon lifestyle.

Keywords: Ecological Footprint, Xi’an Sustainable Development

Table of Contents

Abstract………………………………………… ……………………………………1 1 Question raising……………………………………………………………….1 2 Research Objective…………………………………………………………………………………….2 3 Significance of the study………………………………………… ………………………………………….2 4 Research Framework……………………………………………………………….2 5 Research Content …………………………………………………………………………………….2 References………………………………………… ………………………………8

Research report on sustainable development of Xi’an based on ecological footprint theory

1. Problem raising

The Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government have made a decision on the provincial and municipal construction of Xi'an, proposing to strive to build Xi'an into an international city that is open and inclusive, with high-end industries, complete functions, livable and touristy, and with distinctive historical and cultural characteristics as soon as possible. Urban ambition. The 12th Party Congress of Shaanxi Province also proposed to truly implement the requirements of building Greater Xi'an, driving Guanzhong, and leading the Northwest. It proposed that Xi'an should be built into an international metropolis with a population of 10 million by 2020, achieving With the new leap in economic strength, it is not difficult to predict that more immigrants will flow into Xi'an in the future. Whether Xi'an's ecological carrying capacity can accommodate a large number of migrant populations is a major issue related to the Greater Xi'an strategy and whether the planning goals of the Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Zone can be truly realized. It is not difficult to predict that in the future, ecological environment problems and ecological carrying capacity issues will become the main constraints on Xi'an's sustainable development. Therefore, how to break through ecological bottlenecks, accommodate the established population target with relatively fragile ecological carrying capacity, and achieve sustainable development in Xi'an is a major issue worthy of study.

2. Research Objectives

Under the guidance of the sustainable economic development strategy, organically combine the ecological footprint theory with the urban population size to construct an ecological footprint model and calculate the ecological carrying capacity of Xi'an City The strength and weakness of Xi'an City, analyze the appropriate population size of Xi'an City and establish a corresponding population-resource assessment and early warning mechanism, provide reference opinions for the future sustainable development of Xi'an City, and provide a theoretical basis for government decision-making, which is the research goal of this topic. 3. Research Significance

1. Theoretical Significance: In the field of using ecological footprint theory to study the moderate population size of a region, domestic scholars have studied the results of Nanjing City, Hangzhou City, Guizhou City, and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps respectively. However, no one has used this theory to study the moderate population size within the ecological carrying capacity of Xi'an, an important provincial capital city in the west, and evaluate its degree of sustainable development. This topic will fill this theoretical gap to a certain extent.

2. Practical significance: In the context of the development of the western region and the construction of the Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Zone, it is not difficult to predict that more foreigners will influx into Xi'an, an important city on the Silk Road, in the future city. Whether Xi'an's ecological carrying capacity can accommodate a large number of migrant populations is a major issue related to the Greater Xi'an strategy and whether the planning goals of the Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Zone can be truly realized. Under the guidance of the sustainable economic development strategy, it is undoubtedly of great significance to explore the strength of its ecological carrying capacity, analyze the appropriate population size of Xi'an and establish a corresponding assessment and early warning mechanism to achieve the sustainable development of Xi'an.

IV. Research Framework

1. Research principles and research methods 2. Overview of Xi’an City

3. Xi’an City’s ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity in 2013 Calculation 4. Analysis of Xi’an’s sustainable development status and ecological security in 2013 5. Research content

1. Research principles and methods

(1) Overview of ecological footprint theory

The ecological footprint analysis theory was proposed by Canadian ecological economist William in the early 1990s. It measures the gap between human demand for natural biophysical quantities and the biophysical quantities that nature can actually provide. A relatively common method of measuring the degree of sustainable development of a region. Over the years,

this theory has been widely used by scholars at home and abroad because it has a relatively scientific and complete theoretical foundation and a streamlined and unified indicator system.

The specific application of ecological footprint theory is achieved by establishing an ecological footprint model. That is, the size of the ecological footprint is used to represent humankind's demand for natural biophysical quantities, and the size of the ecological carrying capacity is used to represent humankind's supply of biophysical quantities. By comparing the ecological footprint with the ecological carrying capacity, one can judge the quality of a country or region. Whether production and consumption activities are within the carrying capacity of the local ecosystem. When the ecological carrying capacity of a region is greater than the ecological footprint, it is called an ecological surplus. Then human production and consumption activities in the region are within the scope of the ecological carrying capacity, and the ecological environment is in a state of sustainable development. On the contrary, the supply of ecological carrying capacity cannot meet the demand, which is called ecological deficit. Human production and consumption activities in the region exceed the scope of ecological carrying capacity, indicating that regional development is unsustainable in space or time.

(2) Calculation of ecological footprint indicators: Ecological footprint (ecological resource demand) is:

EF=N×ef=N× ∑rjAi= N ∑(ci/pi)

In the formula, EF is the total regional ecological footprint (hectares); N is the population; ef is the per capita ecological footprint (hectares/person); rj is the equilibrium factor, i is the type of consumption item; Ai is the The biological production area per capita converted to the i consumption item (per capita ecological footprint); Pi is the annual (world) average output (kg/hectare) of the i consumption item produced by biological production land, ci is the per capita annual per capita production of i consumer goods consumption. The ecological carrying capacity (ecological resource supply) is:

EC=N× (ec)=N×aj×rj×yj

In the formula, EC is the total regional ecological carrying capacity ( hectare); ec is the per capita ecological resource supply (hectare/person); N is the population; aj is the per capita biological production area; rj is the equilibrium factor; yj is the yield factor.

If efgt;ec, there will be an ecological surplus; if eflt;ec, there will be an ecological deficit. lt; p=""gt;

2. Overview of Xi'an City

(1) Natural Overview

Xi'an City, formerly known as Chang'an, is the capital of Shaanxi Province and is located in The Guanzhong Basin in the central part of the Weihe River Basin is between 107.40° and 109.49° east longitude and 33.42° and 34.45° north latitude. It is bordered by the Wei River and the Loess Plateau to the north and the Qinling Mountains to the south. The territory under its jurisdiction is about 204 kilometers long from east to west and 116 kilometers wide from north to south. It covers an area of ??9983 square kilometers, of which the urban area

is 1066 square kilometers. The city governs 9 municipal districts including Xincheng, Beilin, Lianhu, Yanta, Weiyang, Baqiao, Yanliang, Lintong and Chang'an and 4 counties including Zhouzhi, Lantian, Huxian and Gaoling. The plain area of ??Xi'an City has a warm temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate, with four distinct seasons: cold, warm, dry and wet. The winter is cold, windy, foggy, and less rainy and snowy; the spring is warm, dry, windy, and the climate is changeable; the summer is hot and rainy, with prominent droughts, thunderstorms and strong winds; the autumn is cool, the temperature drops rapidly, and autumn rains are obvious. The annual average temperature is 13. 0℃~ 13. 7℃. Xi'an has complex stratigraphic development and diverse structural types, which provide favorable conditions for the formation of various mineral resources.

There are 47 kinds of mineral resources discovered, including 21 kinds of metallic minerals, 22 kinds of non-metallic minerals, 2 kinds of energy minerals and 2 kinds of other minerals. Most of the metal and non-metal minerals are distributed in the Qinling Mountains in the south.

(2) Social Overview

Xi'an is located in the center of China's land map and is the junction of the two major economic regions in central and western China. It is the gateway from the northwest to cities in the Central Plains, North China and East China. The only way to go. It is the bridgehead for the country's implementation of the Western Development Strategy. It has an important strategic position connecting the east to the west and connecting the north and the south. It is one of the largest node cities in the national trunk road network. Xi'an has excellent infrastructure, developed transportation conditions, convenient communications, and rapid economic development. By the end of 2013, Xi'an had a registered population of 8.0693 million and a per capita GDP of 56,988 yuan. 3. Calculation of Xi’an’s ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity in 2013

Using the ecological footprint calculation model and based on relevant data in the 2014 Xi’an Statistical Yearbook, the local ecological footprint of Xi’an in 2013 was calculated. The biological resource account and fossil energy account in Xi'an's ecological footprint calculation in 2013 were established respectively (Table 1, Table 2), and then summarized according to the equilibrium factor, yield factor, and ecologically productive area type, and the per capita local ecological footprint and local ecological footprint were calculated. Ecological carrying capacity (Table 3). Among them, the world average productivity is based on the data of WWF in 1999. It should be noted that because the latest data on pastureland, woodland, construction land, and water area are difficult to obtain, and considering that these data have not changed much in recent years, the ecological carrying capacity data adopts the "2011-2020 Xi'an Land Consolidation Plan" 》2010 statistical value. The supply of ecological footprint reflects Xi'an's ecological carrying capacity, that is, the effective supply of resources. According to the recommendations in the report of the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) - "Our Common Future", 12% of biologically productive land should be set aside to protect biodiversity. Therefore, when calculating the ecological footprint of Jiangsu Province These 12 biodiversity conservation areas are deducted from the supply.

Table 1 Ecological footprint of biological resource consumption in Xi'an in 2013

Note: The data is extracted from "Xi'an Statistical Yearbook - 2014". ①The unit is m3/hm2; ②The unit is m3

Table 2 Ecological footprint of industry and energy consumption in Xi'an in 2013

Note: The data is extracted from "Xi'an Statistical Yearbook - 2014" [8]; the conversion coefficient used in the calculation is The average calorific value per unit of fossil energy land area in the world [15]; ①The unit is 104m3, the density is 0.5 kg/m3; ②The unit is 104kW·h, and the standard coal conversion coefficient is 3.27 t/104kW·h.

Table 3 The balance between per capita local ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity in Xi'an in 2013

0.17221

0.00057

0.06381

0.07154 0.00053

0.30866

0.03704

0.27162

4. Analysis of Xi’an’s sustainable development status and ecological security in 2013

In 2014, Xi'an's per capita ecological footprint was 2.45970 hm/person, the ecological carrying capacity was only 0.27162 hm/person, and there was an ecological deficit of 2.18808hm/person. The per capita ecological footprint is approximately 9.06 times the available per capita ecological carrying capacity. It can be seen that Xi'an's development model is currently in an unsustainable state, and ecological security is seriously threatened. In order to alleviate Xi'an's current ecological deficit, it is necessary to take the following corresponding measures:

(1) Properly control the population size of Xi'an and alleviate the overall ecological deficit pattern of the city.

(2) The protection of cultivated land should be strengthened, the protection of existing natural forests and wild animals and plants should be strengthened, tree planting and greening should be promoted, water and soil erosion should be suppressed, and ecological agriculture should be promoted throughout the city.

Through various new technologies and management measures, we can increase the biological yield per unit of land and enhance the carrying capacity of the ecosystem.

(3) All-round sustainability orientation of social consumption structure , for example, by controlling the growth of household motorized transportation, encouraging citizens to travel green, and reducing the waste of food and water resources to reduce the ecological footprint. . References:

[1] Tong Yiqin, Sustainable development evaluation of Zhejiang Province based on local ecological footprint model, [J] Yangtze River Basin Resources and Environment, 2009(10)

[2 ] Liu Jun, Research on moderate population in Qinghai based on ecological footprint theory, [J] Qinghai Social Sciences 2013 (5) [3] Jing Meixiu, Research on land use pattern prediction and carbon storage value in Xi'an, [D] Shaanxi Normal University, 2014(5) [4] Guo Xiurui, Yang Jurong, Mao Xianqiang. Calculation and analysis of urban ecological footprint - taking Guangzhou as an example [J]. Geographic Research, 2003, 22(5): 13-17.

[ 5] Suo Lisheng. Jiangsu Population Resources Environment and Sustainable Development [M]. Nanjing: Jiangsu People's Publishing House, 2002.79-80. [6] Wei Jing, Feng Zhongjiang, Zheng Xiaogang, Liu Xiaoli. Analysis of the ecological footprint of Hebei Province from 1995 to 2004 and evaluation [J]. Arid Area Resources and Environment, 2008, 22(6): 22-29.

[7] Xie Gaodi, Lu Chunxia, ??Cheng Shengkui, et al. Ecological space occupation in China Research [J]. Resource Science, 2001, 23(6): 20-23.

[8] Fan Xiaoqiu, Jiang Cuiling, Zhang Yibing. Ecological footprint evaluation of sustainable development and ecological security in Jiangsu Province [J] .Journal of Hohai University (Natural Science Edition), 2005, 33(3): 13-19.

Expansion of sample research report for college students: Sample proposal report for high school biology research project

Project title: Practical Research on the Hierarchical Design of General High School Biology Homework

The project "Practical Research on the Hierarchical Design of General High School Biology Homework" applied by teacher __ was approved by the __ Municipal Education Science Planning Leading Group , listed as a project subject of __ Municipal Education Science Planning, with the approval number. In accordance with the requirements of the notification documents of the project establishment by the Municipal Educational Science Planning Office and the County Teaching and Research Office, the research plan and implementation plan of this topic are proposed, and the research work is officially launched. Leaders and experts are invited to review and provide guidance.

1. Background and purpose of the research

(1) Research background

1. Analysis of school situation and academic situation

According to the batch status of our school’s high school admissions in our county and the actual situation of our school’s students, our school should be worthy of being regarded as an ordinary high school among ordinary high schools. Students who are inconspicuous or even looked down upon in other schools may be treated as treasures in our school.

Our students generally have a weak foundation, their learning habits need to be developed, their learning methods are not scientific enough, and their learning abilities still have a lot of room for development. There are common phenomena such as a weak sense of academic achievement, a weak sense of self-efficacy, and a lack of awareness of asking for help during learning.

Faced with this situation, the school also thought deeply and took necessary measures. For example, during the military training period for high school freshmen, textbooks are given to students and asked to flip through them in advance and take a look. Organize teachers of relevant subjects to enter the classroom to introduce subject learning to students, boost students' morale, stimulate students' thirst for knowledge, and mobilize their enthusiasm for learning. We regard September as the psychological adjustment month for new students. The school organizes a series of activities to welcome new students to help them make psychological adjustments so that they can adapt to the new environment, new classmates, and new teachers as quickly as possible, and adapt to the learning style of high school. Transformation and improvements in learning methods. We have always emphasized that everyone is on the same starting line now. As long as we insist on doing what the teacher says, we will definitely be able to reach a new level in learning. As the saying goes: "Today's things are finished today", today's study problems are solved today.

Do not allow learning problems to accumulate and amplify indefinitely.

"Easier said than done." The ideas are very beautiful, but the results are very realistic.

How can the cultivation of study habits and the transformation of learning methods be accomplished in a day? As the number of learning tasks continues to increase, more and more difficulties and setbacks are encountered in learning, which continues to suppress students' morale. Coupled with their inability to make correct attributions, some students even think that they are not the material and fall behind in their studies. But this is too late. When will I regret it? If I want to catch up again, I don’t know how much effort I will have to put in.

This negative emotion will continue to spread and spread, infecting surrounding students and even infecting teachers. As time goes by, some teachers become so exhausted by their students that they lose their temper and morale. Some old teachers, based on their own experience, conclude that the student is in trouble and there is no hope, so they ignore him and ignore him. We know that in psychology, there is a phenomenon called the "Pymalion Effect", that is, teachers' expectations are transmitted to students either explicitly or implicitly, which will cause students to shape their behavior in the direction expected by the teacher. In this way, the students themselves will give up on themselves even more. If this continues, it will lead to a vicious circle and seriously affect the continuous and effective development of teaching work.

2. Analysis of homework situation

For a long time, the school has carried out several job training activities in conjunction with the county bureau, often paying close attention to the regular management of teaching and strengthening the inspection of each teaching link. The implementation has achieved remarkable results, and the idea of ??striving to create an efficient classroom is unwavering.

However, there is one problem that has never been well solved, that is, the homework or exercises we give students have always been mainly synchronous homework ordered in a unified manner. After years of use, we all agree that it is not very suitable and difficult for students in our school. The teacher's explanations are also not targeted, and they just go through the easy ones and repeatedly explain the relatively difficult questions. Those that we think of as "good students" can barely understand them. Most students are simply listening to the bible. The final effect of such classroom teaching can be imagined.

We know the importance of practice as an indispensable and important link in the five links of the teaching process, especially for science learning. Practice is an effective way to form skills and an important method for students' thinking training.

We once encouraged students to go to the bookstore and buy some exercises. Although there are a lot of tutoring materials on the market, there are really very few that are truly suitable for our students. Some students bought a copy but rarely read it.

In short, ordinary high school teaching has a heavy workload, and students’ extracurricular time is occupied by a large amount of homework. And many of them are mechanical and repetitive tasks. As a result, students are tired of learning, afraid of doing and listening, plagiarism in homework has become the norm, and academic achievement is low, which seriously suppresses students' enthusiasm for learning. What's more, it can be said to destroy students' physical and mental health. Some students lack self-confidence and enterprising spirit in a tense and depressed psychological state. Gradually, they can't stand it and drop out of school. Some of those who insist on sitting still end up at the bottom of the county's high school sophomore academic proficiency test. Every year, some students fail to successfully meet academic standards.

(2) Purpose and significance

This topic is closely related to the actual situation of schools, teachers, and students, and carries out practical research around the real teaching problems encountered, following the school-oriented , people-oriented, and the principles of mutual development of teachers and students, adhere to the pursuit of practical results, start from small steps, and carefully study and solve specific practical problems.

Teachers take the initiative to reflect in practice, start from the local area, start from the current situation, study practical problems and propose topics. Learn when confused, cooperate when confused, carry out research projects, integrate theory with practice, and solve specific practical problems.

1. Through the design research of homework layering, teachers should increase the weight of homework preparation in the lesson preparation process, so as to promote teachers to effectively prepare lessons and teach effectively.

2. Change the focus on homework assignments from focusing on quantity and number of corrections to focusing on the purpose and quality of homework, allowing students to consolidate knowledge effectively and in a timely manner.

Through the hierarchical design of homework, students can choose the "stuffing" they can and like to eat according to their own circumstances, thus promoting students' effective learning.

3. Through practical research on homework stratification, we can promote the effectiveness of teachers’ education and teaching and mobilize teachers’ work enthusiasm.

4. With the organic integration of research and teaching practice, students' fear of learning difficulties will be reduced, their motivation for learning will be enhanced, and their academic achievements will be improved, which will eventually be reflected in their achievement of academic examination standards.

Through the practice and research of hierarchical assignment design, assignments of different levels and forms are assigned to students at different levels in a targeted manner, fully respecting the differences of individual students, and fully meeting the individual needs of students, thereby Improve students' effective learning participation, thereby promoting students with learning difficulties to successfully achieve academic standards, while not dampening the enterprising spirit of top students, giving us