The poet and spring seem to have an indissoluble bond. Poets of past dynasties have written many famous poems about Wing Chun. Li He, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, described the climate of early spring in his "Henan Prefecture Examination December Music" with joy: The sun and feet are light and red, and the thin frost does not disappear under the osmanthus branches. The vaguely harmonious atmosphere eliminates the harshness of winter, and the days become longer and the nights become longer.
The sun is shining red, and although the thin frost under the osmanthus branches has not yet disappeared, the gentle breath has driven away the coldness of winter. The longer days have replaced the long nights, and spring has come.
Spring scenery is even more colorful in the poet's writings. Du Fu's "Quatrains" says: Chiri, the rivers and mountains are beautiful, and the spring breeze is fragrant with flowers and grass. The mud melts and swallows fly, and the sand is warm and mandarin ducks sleep.
The beautiful sun is shining in the sky in spring, the spring breeze is bringing warmth, the vegetation is growing, the flowers are fragrant and the birds are chirping. The first herald of spring is the barn swallow returning from the far south, mumbling in the mud under the eaves of the beams.
To talk about the most beautiful characteristics of spring, Wang Anshi of the Song Dynasty wrote "Boancing Guazhou": Jingkou Guazhou is separated by water, Zhongshan is separated by several layers of water, the spring breeze is green again on the south bank of the river, when will the bright moon shine on me? return.
Here, the poet vividly uses the word "green" to summarize the vast world where winter goes to spring and everything revives. Using the word "green" to convey the message of spring cannot but be said to be a wonderful stroke. .
Wang Wei's "Spring Song" said: Thousands of trees with red edges and apricots bloom, and the wind blows all night. The garden is full of dark and light colors, shining in the green waves.
Almond blossoms, spring breeze, and green water have naturally become the most beautiful features of spring.
The Song Dynasty poet Ye Shaoweng's "A Visit to the Garden Is Not Worth It" links spring with apricot blossoms, and is a widely recited Wing Chun poem: Ying pity's teeth are stained with green moss, and the small buckle of the firewood leaf has not been opened for a long time. . The garden is so full of spring that it can't be closed, and a branch of red apricot comes out of the wall.
What a branch of red apricot growing out of the wall, announcing to the world that spring is coming. Scientifically speaking, what is the best phenological indicator for spring? Many poets like to use trees to draw green to express it. Just like Zhang Jie in the Song Dynasty read ⒋楷素Fei?Ti, "It is late in the year when the frost is less, and the grass and trees in the world will know when spring comes." But the time for various trees to draw green is different. Which tree's green color can indicate spring? It seems that the poet recommended Yangliu. Du Fu's poem "La Ri" goes:
The snow in Bailing is still day lilies, revealing the spring scenery with willow branches.
Bai Juyi's "Poem of Willow Branches": The curls of grace are restored to greenness, seducing the spring breeze with unlimited affection.
People feel the arrival of spring from the breath of the beautiful sun, the fragrance of flowers and the chirping of birds, and the greenness of willows. However, Chen Shidao's "Spring Embrace Shows Neighbors" does not limit its description of spring to landscapes, flowers and birds. This poem actually writes about the activities of small animals: Rain snails are written on the broken wall, and there is no monk Yan writer in the old house. She wanted to go out to catch up with Yu Yu and laugh, but she felt uncomfortable returning home with dust on her temples. The wind turns the cobwebs in three directions, and the thunder shakes the bees' nests in two offices. I have repeatedly missed spring appointments with my southern neighbor, but now I have not yet blossomed.
On the broken wall that was damp after the rain, the white mucus left by the snail followed its winding path, forming words that looked like seal script; swallows occupied the centuries where even the walking monks had left. In the old house, they make nests out of mud and settle down; spiders diligently spin silk to build webs to catch prey, but the silk is too thin after all, and a gust of wind breaks many of them, and they need to be repaired before they can form a web; four Twice in the morning and evening, the bees that went out to gather flowers buzzed in swarms and rushed back to their nests. These small animals that often go unnoticed by people are also part of the busy and bustling scene in spring. Chen Shidao concentrated on observing things and noticed these corners that dotted the spring scenery, which shows his meticulous observation and ingenuity in the shape of objects.
So when does spring start? In ancient times, people regarded the beginning of spring (February 6 or 7) as the beginning of spring, and the beginning of summer (May 6 or 7) as the end of spring. However, from the perspective of temperature, during the Beginning of Spring Festival, many areas still have sub-zero temperatures and snowy weather. It is too early to regard the beginning of spring as the beginning of spring. For example, Li Bai wrote in "Song Xia Song": In May, it snows in the mountains, but there are no flowers, only cold. I heard broken willows in the flute, but I have never seen the spring breeze.
In May, the snow and ice in the Tianshan Mountains have not yet melted, and there is no spring scenery yet. Zhang Jingzhong of the Tang Dynasty also wrote in his "Bian Ci": Spring in Wuyuan is not too late, and the willow trees are not hanging in February. The ice is blooming on the riverside today, and it is the time when flowers are falling in Chang'an.
Wuyuan is today’s Wuyuan County in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. There are no willows in February. When the glaciers on the riverside thaw, the flowers have fallen in Chang'an. How to explain this phenomenon? It turns out that the warmth and coldness we feel in the climate does not change directly with the angle of the sun, but with the amount of heat emitted by the sun's rays that the earth receives. From the beginning of spring, it takes almost two months for the earth to accumulate enough heat. Therefore, the most scientific classification method is still the climatological classification method, which takes temperature as the standard and takes five days as a terrestrial period. Winter is defined as the average temperature below 10 degrees Celsius, summer is defined as above 22 degrees Celsius, and summer is defined as when the average temperature is below 10 degrees Celsius. Between 22 degrees and 22 degrees is Spring and Autumn. According to this standard, and with reference to phenological changes, we can see that depending on the region and the height, spring arrives sooner or later, and the residence time is longer or shorter.
Spring in Fujian and Zhejiang usually begins in late February, spring in the Yangtze River Basin begins in March, spring in Beijing and Tianjin does not begin until early April*, and spring in Heilongjiang often does not begin until around the beginning of summer. , while the alpine places above 4,000 meters in the northern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and above 4,300 meters in the south are surrounded by ice and snow without spring* all year round.
The footsteps of spring first came to the south of the Yangtze River. Wang Wan, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem "Yangnan Yi", which reported the early arrival of spring in the south of the Yangtze River with keen feelings: There are many new ideas in the south, traveling eastward to wait for the morning. The tide is flat and the two sides are lost, the wind is blowing and the sails are hanging. Hai Ri is born and the night is over, and Jiang Chun is entering the old year. I've always looked at the weather, but I've always been biased towards this.
The last two lines of the poem say that I have never observed seasonal weather changes, but only here can I see them so clearly. "The sea is full of sunshine and the night is over, and the spring of the river is entering the old year." It is the most touching line in the poem with its unique and novel meaning. Before the remaining night is over, the sun has already emerged from the sea, seeming to bring light to the remaining night. "Jiang Chun enters the old year" means that spring starts early, as if it has started at the end of the old year. In other words, before the new year, spring has already begun in Jiangnan. These two sentences, "Hai Risheng is crippled, Jiang Chun has entered the old year" have become famous in the Tang Dynasty. So much so that the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, the famous writer Zhang Shuo, wrote these two lines of poems in his own hands in the political hall of his office, so that other scholars in the court could observe and study them carefully. Zheng Gu, a poet during the reign of Emperor Xizong of the Tang Dynasty, also wrote a seven-paragraph poem: "One volume contains a hundred poems, and once you become famous, you dare to forget about it for a while. How can it be like the sea, where the sun and the night remain, and one sentence can be passed down through the ages." The meaning of the poem is : There are hundreds of poems in this volume of poems. Although I am famous now, I dare not forget these poems on which my success depends. But how can it compare to the wonderful sentence "The sea is full of sun and the night is dark"? This sentence can be passed down through the ages. The word "猌" in the poem is a bamboo utensil used for fishing, and "forgetting the 猌" means forgetting the 猌 after catching fish.
Jiangnan is good, and the scenery is familiar to me.
When the sun rises, the flowers on the river are as red as fire, and when spring comes, the river is as green as blue.
How can we not remember Jiangnan?
This is the poem "Recalling Jiangnan" by Bai Juyi. Although spring is good in Jiangnan, it is not sunny and clear every day. Spring is a season with changeable weather, especially in late spring and early summer, the climate in Jiangnan is even more unpredictable. Liu Changqing, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, wrote in his poem "Farewell to Yan Shiyuan": The spring breeze leans against Helv City, and the water country is cold in spring but cloudy and sunny again. The drizzle makes the clothes wet and invisible, and the flowers falling to the ground are silent.
"Helv" refers to Suzhou City, which is said to have been built by King Helv of Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period. The poem "cold and cloudy in spring returns to clear" just summarizes the characteristics of the spring weather in the south of the Yangtze River. This is the result of the confrontation between warm and cold air currents in the Jiangnan region.
Spring is also a rainy season, just as Wang Zao's poem "Spring Day" says: There are only ten sunny days in spring, and the clouds are everywhere and it will rain. The spring water in Noda is as green as the mirror, and the silhouettes of people crossing the river are calm. The peach blossoms are smiling brightly out of the fence, as if they are the most affectionate before they bloom. The smoke in Mao Ci makes the guests' clothes wet, and the rooster crows in the afternoon.
The fields are green, the gulls are leisurely, the peach blossoms are smiling from the fence, and there are chickens crowing at noon. However, in spring, there are only ten days of sunshine, with floating clouds everywhere and continuous spring rain. The spring rain is falling, and the mood of spring is full of joy. Poets have given many nicknames to spring rain. Dai Shulun's "Song of Lanxi": "Peach Blossom Rain in March on Lanxi", Seng Zhinan's "Quatrain": "My clothes are wet with apricot blossom rain", spring rain is always associated with spring flowers. Lu You's "The First Spring Rain in Lin'an": "The small building listened to the spring rain last night, and the deep alley sold apricot flowers in the Ming Dynasty."
The poet is sleepless at night. From the sound of rain tonight, he associates it with the sound of flower sellers in the Ming Dynasty. From the pattering spring rain, he seems to smell the fragrance of apricot flowers in the streets and alleys, and is writing the message between the spring rain and apricot flowers.
Plenty of rain in spring is of great benefit to spring plowing and planting. As the saying goes: "Spring rain is as precious as oil." Changli flat pipit lies? Toad 6 gull υ sung hole 阂 melon can drop out the lucky sprite machine collapsed skeleton Good rain knows the season, when spring is happening. Sneaking into the night with the wind, moistening things silently. The wild paths and clouds are everywhere, and the river boats and fires are all bright. Look at the red and wet place at dawn, the palace city is covered with flowers.
The spring rain seems to know the season well and comes at the right time. The plan for the year lies in spring. Farmers should seize this precious season to prepare for plowing, accumulate fertilizer and plow the land. Li Shen's "Ancient Style": "Sow one grain of millet in spring and harvest ten thousand seeds in autumn." Only if you sow well in spring can you have a harvest season in autumn. Fog is also a characteristic of spring weather. Zhang Xu, a calligrapher of the Tang Dynasty, described it in "A Guest on a Mountain Tour": The mountain light and physical form create a spring glow. Even if the sky is bright and there is no color of rain, my clothes will still be stained deep in the clouds.
In spring in the mountains, because of the heavy clouds and mist, clothes will get wet even on sunny days.
There are many cyclones in the Jiangnan area in spring, and thunderstorms often occur in inland areas. The peak of thunderstorms is not in summer but in spring. Bai Juyi wrote in "Hearing Thunder": The wind and frost in the miasma are early and the temperature is warm. The weather is urging. There is no snow in the cold winter, and thunder has been heard in the first month. The stinging insects and snakes emerge, and the withered grass and trees bloom.
Thunder begins in the first month, and the thunder wakes up dormant insects. Of course, this thunder is not always heard in the first month of every year, and the insects are not really awakened by the thunder. However, it is a fact that Spring Thunder appeared coincidentally before and after Jingzhe. Spring thunders are mostly hot thunderstorms. After spring, the temperature rises, the warm and humid air over the southeastern ocean becomes active, the cold and warm air clash, the air becomes unstable, and there are strong updrafts and downdrafts in the clouds, causing thunder and lightning phenomena.
Because our country has a vast territory and diverse terrain, spring scenery is different everywhere. The four seasons in Jiangnan are relatively evenly distributed, with obvious four-season changes of spring, hot summer, cool autumn, and cold winter. However, in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, it is humid and rainy, with no severe cold in winter and no scorching heat in summer, and the four seasons are not very distinct. In the winterless zone of South China, spring has no starting point, autumn has no end, and the dry and wet seasons are obvious. Liu Zongyuan, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, wrote the poem "February Banyan Leaves" in Liuzhou, Guangxi, saying: The love of officialdom is so sad and desolate, half like autumn, it turns into a dream. After the rain in the mountain city, all the flowers are gone, and the banyan leaves are all over the garden and the orioles are singing.
The meaning of this poem is that February is the time when peaches and plums compete for spring in the Central Plains, but the banyan trees in Liuzhou lose the most leaves at this time, making people confused whether this is spring or autumn.
Where does spring return? Loneliness leads nowhere.
If someone knows that spring is coming back, call him and go with him.
Who knows if there is no trace of spring, unless you ask for the oriole.
No one can understand a hundred warbles, because the wind flies over the roses.
This is the poem "Qing Ping Le" Late Spring" by the Song Dynasty poet Huang Tingjian. This poem asks an interesting question, where does spring go? The answer is also very wonderful. When the orioles sing and the roses move, the spring light It’s about to pass. When next spring comes, it will be another colorful and colorful spring.