Well, your question is too complicated, so I consulted the information of iask.sina/b/12667795 Thales (about 624-547).
Anaximander (about 6 10-546).
Anaximenes (Anaximenes, circa 588-524).
Heraclitus (about 540-480)
Bi Tegola (Pythagoras, about 680-500)
Shenofini (Xenophanes, about 565-473).
Parmenides (about 6th-5th century).
Zhi Nuo (Zhi Nuo from 6th to 5th century A.D.).
Empedocles (Empedocles, about 495-435)
Anaxagoras (Anaxagoras, about 500-428)
Leukippos (year of birth and death unknown)
Democritus (Democritus, 460-370)
Protagoras (protagoras, 48 1-4 1 1)
Gorgias (gorgias, 483-375)
Socrates (Socrates, 468-400)
Plato (427-347): Utopia, Politician, parmenides, Six Platonic Dialogues.
Euclid (about 450-374 Euclid of Megara)
Antisthenes (about 400-325)
Diogenes (about 400-325).
Aristippus (born about 435 BC)
& History of Greek Philosophy (edited by Wang Zisong, etc.), pre-Socrates philosophy, ancient Greek and Roman philosophy research.
Aristotle (384-322): metaphysics, instrumentalism, Nicomachean ethics, physics and politics.
& The Complete Works of Aristotle
Epikouros (34 1-270)
Zhi Nuo (Zhi Nuo of Cyprus, about 336-264)
Krupp (Chrysippus, about 28 1-205)
Pyrrho (Piron, about 360-270)
Taimen (320-230)
Lucretius (about 98-53): On Nature.
Cicero (Cicero, 106-43)
Seneca (seneca, 2-65)
Epik Titus (epiktetos, tel. 50- 138)
Olelium (120- 180)
Seikst? Empiricist (Sextus Empiricus, second century man)
Plotinos (205-270): Nine chapters.
Tertullianus (about 160-230).
Augustine (354-430): Confessions, the City of God and the Doctrine Manual.
Boatius (about 480-525): the consolation of philosophy.
Eriugena (about 800-877): On God's predetermination and the division of nature.
Anselmus (Anselmus, 1033- 1 109): Monologue, preaching, denying the book of fools.
roscellinus( 1050- 1 1 1 14)
Abelard (Abailardus, 1079- 1 142)
Thomas? Thomas Aquinas (1225- 1274): Encyclopedia of theology and anti-heresy.
Roger? Bacon (roger bacon, 12 14- 1294): Great Works and Small Works >>
Does philosophy make sense? Where is the contribution of philosophers to society?
Definition: The so-called philosophy, in mathematical language, is a point, that is, an argument, an opinion and a starting point.
What is Nietzsche's contribution?
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (184410/0/0/0/0/0-0/5-1900 August 25th), a famous German philosopher, is considered as the pioneer of modern western philosophy. His works are of great significance to religion, morality and modernity. His writing style is unique and he often uses aphorisms and paradoxes. Nietzsche had a great influence on the development of later philosophy, especially on existentialism and postmodernism.
Nietzsche was a linguist before he began to study philosophy. At the age of 24, Nietzsche became a professor of classical Chinese in German Department of university of basel, specializing in ancient Greek and Latin literature. However, he resigned on 1879 due to health problems and has been suffering from mental illness ever since. Nietzsche had a nervous breakdown at 1889 and never recovered. He lived under the care of his mother and sister until his death in 1900.
Nietzsche's main works are: Will to Power, The Birth of Tragedy, An Inappropriate Investigation, Zarathustra, Philosophy in the Age of Greek Tragedy, Theory of Moral Pedigree, etc.
The influence of Nietzsche's works on later generations is undoubtedly enormous. His thoughts have a strong impact, subverting western moral thoughts and traditional values, and revealing the spiritual crisis that human beings must face after God's death. Jaspers said that Nietzsche and Kierkegaard brought a pleasure to western philosophy, and the ultimate significance of this pleasure has not been evaluated.
A whole generation of thinkers and artists in the early 20th century found ideas and images that inspired their creation in Nietzsche's works. Jaspers, Sartre, Heidegger, Jack London, Foucault, Derrida, Freud and so on. Are all philosophers deeply influenced by Nietzsche's thoughts? There are countless writers directly influenced by Nietzsche: Zweig, thomas mann, Bernard Shaw, Hesse, Rilke, Gide and Lu Xun.
The acceptance of Nietzsche by modern intellectuals in China in the past half century can be divided into four stages: (1) the budding stage, that is, the ten years of the late Qing Dynasty (1902-1911); (2) The * * * period, that is, the northern warlords and * * * divided the north and south (19 12- 1926), can also be called the first * * * period; (3) Decline period, that is, the early period of * * * rule (1927-1936); (4) The turning period, that is, the late reign of * * * (1937- 1949), can also be called the second * * * period.
In its embryonic stage, only four scholars in China, namely Liang Qichao, Wang Guowei, Zhang Taiyan and Lu Xun, mentioned and studied Nietzsche's theory.
During the period of * *, Liang Qichao, Cai Yuanpei, Chen Duxiu, Hu Shi, Li Dazhao, Fu Sinian, Lu Xun, Zhu Zhixin, Xie Wuliang, Mao Dun, Guo Moruo, Xu Zhimo, generals of the New Culture Movement, philosophers and scholars Li Shicen, Zhu, Fan, Zhu Zhenmei and Bao Shoumei all participated in the introduction and interpretation of Nietzsche.
What contribution did Freud make to philosophy?
Unconscious is a topic that philosophers often talk about. In the study of unconsciousness, Freud's theory of unconsciousness occupies a very important position in the whole modern western philosophy. Freud first discovered the research field of unconsciousness and was called "the father of unconsciousness". Although there are many people who study Freud's philosophy, they only briefly introduce and summarize their knowledge. Some of them are deeply studied, highlighting the theoretical contribution of Freud's unconscious theory. Most of them lack theoretical research on practical significance, especially in connection with the reality of China today. In other words, they failed to make foreign things serve China. Therefore, Freud's theory of unconsciousness deserves further study. In today's China, we should absorb the positive factors in Freud's unconscious theory and make foreign things serve China.
What contribution did Lao Tzu make?
Laozi is a saint in China, and he has made great contributions to China. Specifically, there are several aspects:
1. In philosophy, he put forward the highest philosophical category "Tao", which introduced profound dialectical thought to the development of China's philosophy. At the same time, Lao Zi is the greatest representative of China's theory of "the unity of man and nature".
2. In aesthetics, Laozi profoundly grasped the true meaning of beauty. His "Loud Voice" and "Elephant Invisible" are the most profound aesthetic wisdom, which have immeasurable influence on the development of aesthetics and art in China. China's paintings, calligraphy and gardens all draw nutrition from Laozi's aesthetics and achieve high quality.
3. In terms of outlook on life, Laozi's outlook on life is the wisest. In the past, some people said that inaction was negative, but in fact they underestimated Laozi. Laozi's inaction is actually positive and the most profound. "inaction" is to better realize "promising" and take retreat as progress. A generation of great men * * * applied this wisdom to the highest. The great victory of the "Long March" is a vivid embodiment of Laozi's outlook on life.