1. Classical Chinese essays about parting
1. Wang Wei of the Tang Dynasty's "Send Off the Second Envoy of the Yuan Dynasty to Anxi"
The morning rain in Weicheng is light and the dust is green, and the guesthouses are green Willow color is new.
I advise you to drink a glass of wine. There is no old friend when you leave Yangguan in the west.
Translation:
A spring rain in the morning in Weicheng moistened the light dust, and the green willow trees around the guesthouse were particularly fresh.
An old friend invites you to have another drink at the farewell bar. There are no more old friends after leaving Yangguan West Road.
2. "Farewell to a Friend" by Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty
Green mountains stretch across Beiguo, and white water surrounds the east city.
This place is different, and I have traveled thousands of miles alone.
The thoughts of wandering in the floating clouds, the love of old friends in the setting sun.
I waved my hand and went away, the horse roared.
Translation:
Green mountains stretch across the north of the city, and white water flows through the east city.
We are about to part here, traveling thousands of miles away, embarking on a lonely journey.
The drifting clouds are the artistic conception of the wanderer, while the sunset that refuses to set is the nostalgia of an old friend.
As I waved away, I could only hear the whine of the stray horse in my ears.
3. Wang Wei of the Tang Dynasty "Send Off Shen Zifu to the East of the Yangtze River"
There were few travelers at the Yangliu Ferry, and Master Kou was rowing towards Linqi.
Only lovesickness is like the beauty of spring, sending you home from the south to the north of the Yangtze River.
Translation:
There are only a few passengers on the ferry where willows are fluttering, and the boatman is swinging his oar and sailing towards Linqi.
Don’t hate if you only miss lovesickness, it’s like the boundless spring scenery, sending you home no matter where you are in the south or north of the country.
4. "Farewell to Nanpu" by Bai Juyi of the Tang Dynasty
Farewell to Nanpu is desolate, the west wind curls up in autumn.
When you see it, your heart breaks, so don’t look back.
Translation:
In the desolate and sad farewell in Nanpu, the autumn wind is desolate and gloomy.
Looking back once will break your heart. Leave well and don’t look back again.
5. "Sending Du Shaofu to Shuchuan" by Wang Bo of the Tang Dynasty
The city gate assists the Three Qin Dynasties, and the wind and smoke look out to Wujin.
I want to say goodbye to you, both are eunuchs.
There are close friends in the sea, and we are like neighbors across the world.
If you do nothing, you will be on the wrong road, and your children will be in trouble.
Translation:
The majestic Chang'an City is guarded by the land of Sanqin. Looking at the land of Shu in the distance, it seems that the five ferries of the Minjiang River can be seen through the confused wind and sand.
I say goodbye to you with infinite affection in my heart. We are all working as officials far away from home.
As long as I have you as my close friend in this world, I feel like I am close to you even though we are far apart.
Never break up at a fork in the road, weeping like a child with tears wet on your face. 2. Where can I translate classical Chinese?
Translation In the 10th year of Yuanhe, I was demoted to Jiujiang as a Sima.
One night in the autumn of the second year, when I was seeing off a friend at Penpukou, I heard someone playing the pipa in the boat. The sound was tinkling and full of charm, very much like the capital city. When I asked that person, I found out that she was originally a singer from Chang'an. She once learned to play the pipa from two famous teachers, Cao and Mu. As she got older, her beauty declined, so she had to be the wife of a businessman.
I ordered the wine to be served and let her play a few tunes happily. She finished playing and was very sad.
It describes the joyful scenes of youth; but now, wandering and haggard, wandering among the rivers and lakes! It has been two years since I was demoted from the capital. I feel calm and content with the status quo. After listening to her words, I felt the taste of being relegated that night, so I wrote this long poem for her, with a total of 612 words (note: actually the whole poem is 616 (character), called "Pipa Xing".
In the tenth year of Yuanhe, he moved to the left to Sima, Jiujiang County.
Next autumn, while seeing off guests at Penpukou, I heard someone playing the pipa in the boat at night. Listening to the sound, there was a clanging sound from Kyoto.
Asked about this person, I was originally from Chang'an and advocated women. I tried to learn pipa from Mu and Cao, two talented people. She was old and beautiful, and she committed herself to being a wife of a Jia family. Then he ordered wine and asked him to play several songs quickly.
It’s a pity to stop the song. He recounts the joyful things he did when he was young, but now he is drifting and haggard, wandering around the rivers and lakes.
I have been in office for two years and am at peace with myself. Gansi people said that in the evening, I began to feel the intention of relegation.
Because of the long sentences, the song was given as a gift, with six hundred and twelve words, and the name was "Pipa Xing". In the evening, I bid farewell to my friends by the Xunyang River. The maple leaves and flowers rustled in the autumn wind.
The master dismounted and walked into his friend's boat. He picked up the wine and wanted to drink it, but there was no music to cheer him up. The Xunyang River sees off guests on the first night, and the maple leaves and flowers rustle in autumn.
The master dismounted and the passengers were on the boat. He wanted to drink wine without orchestra. Drunk and miserable, we were about to say goodbye miserably. When we were about to say goodbye, the vast river was immersed in the bright moon.
Suddenly I heard the sound of pipa floating on the water. The host forgot to go back, and the guest refused to get up.
Following the sound, I quietly asked who was playing the pipa. The sound of the pipa stopped. I wanted to speak but did not speak. It's too late to be drunk and happy to say goodbye. When we say goodbye, the vast river is soaked in the moon.
Suddenly I heard the sound of pipa playing on the water, and the host forgot to return home. Xun Sheng asked secretly who was playing the pipa, but the sound of the pipa stopped and it was too late to speak.
Move closer to the ship and ask the person to meet you. Add wine, light the lamp, and serve a banquet.
After repeated calls, she was willing to walk out of the cabin, still holding the pipa and covering half of her face. Move the boat closer to invite us to meet each other, add wine, turn back the lights, and resume the banquet.
He came out after calling for thousands of times, still holding the pipa and half covering his face. I turned the axle and plucked the strings two or three times. Even before the tune was formed, it was already filled with emotion.
Every string is sighing, and every sound is meditating, as if it is telling a dissatisfied life experience. I lower my eyebrows and continue to play with my hands, playing, telling all the infinitely sad events. There are three or two sounds of the strings being plucked by the rotating shaft, and there is emotion before the tune is formed.
The strings muffle the sounds and thoughts, as if complaining of failure in life. The formalities of the letter were continued with a low eyebrow, telling all the things in one's heart.
Gently gather it, slowly twist it, rub it and pick it up. At the beginning, I played "Neon Shang", and later on, I played "Liu Mo". The thick strings were noisy, as if there was a strong wind. The rain is thin and stringy, like the whispers of children. The jade plate is covered with big and small beads. The oriole at the bottom of the flower is buzzing in and out - how fluently it calls, and the spring water under the ice swallows quietly - how hard it flows! The running water froze, and also the strings of the pipa. The strings froze, and the sound temporarily stopped.
In addition, there is a kind of sadness hidden deep in the heart. There is no sound at this time, but it is more exciting than the sound. Suddenly a silver bottle exploded, water slurry rushed in, and a group of iron cavalry suddenly appeared, with swords and guns roaring.
The first one is "Neon Shang" and the second one is "Liu Yao". The big strings are noisy like the rain, and the small strings are like whispers.
Noisy and jumbled bullets, big and small beads falling onto the jade plate. The orioles in Guan Guan are talking at the bottom of the flowers, and the spring water is flowing down the beach.
The water spring is so cold that the strings are condensed, and the condensation will never pass through the sound. Don't worry and hate yourself. Silence is better than sound at this time.
The silver bottle bursts into water and the water slurries burst out, and the cavalry stands out with swords and guns. After finishing playing the music, the plectrum was withdrawn and passed through the middle of the strings. The four strings made the same sound, as if tearing silk.
The boats in the east and west were all quiet and no one was talking. Only an autumn moon could be seen shining like silver waves in the heart of the river. At the end of the song, the plucked strings are carefully drawn, and the four strings sound like cracking silk.
The boats in the east and west were silent, except for the white autumn moon in the middle of the river. He put down the plectrum hesitantly and inserted it into the string again, straightened his clothes, and stood up looking very respectful.
She told: "I was originally a girl from the capital city, and my family lived near the Shrimp Tomb. She was meditating, playing strings, and straightening her clothes to attract customers.
She said to herself, "I was originally a girl. A girl from the capital, her family lives at the foot of Xia Toad Mausoleum. He learned the art of playing the pipa at the age of thirteen, and his name was registered in the first section of the class.
After playing the music, he once won the praise of the composer, and when he put on his makeup, he often aroused the jealousy of Qiuniang. At the age of 13, he learned the pipa successfully and became the first member of the teaching group.
Qu Ba often teaches talented people how to dress up and make up so that Qiu Niang is jealous of her. The young men in Wuling rushed to give gifts. A song was exchanged for countless pieces of Wu Ling and Shu brocade.
Beating the time broke the cloud grate on the head of the tin head, and drinking wine stained the bloody skirt. The young people in Wuling are struggling with their heads, and there are countless red silk songs.
The head of the tin is shattered by the grate, and the bloody skirt is stained by wine. Laugh this year, laugh next year, and spend many autumn nights and springs gently; my brother joined the army, my aunt bid farewell to the world, and the ruthless time took away her beautiful beauty.
This year’s laughter will return to the next, and the autumn moon and spring breeze will pass easily; my younger brother joined the army and my aunt died, and the evening will come and the morning will come again! The cars and horses in front of the door are getting rarer and rarer. I married a businessman and followed him here. The businessman only cares about profit and does not care about separation. Last month he went to Fuliang to buy tea and do business.
There are few cars and horses in front of the door, and the boss is married to a businessman. Businessmen value profit over separation. The month before last, they went to Fuliang to buy tea.
Leave me alone at the mouth of the river, guarding this empty cabin. The moonlight surrounding the boat is as white as frost, and the river is so cold. Late at night, I suddenly dreamed about the past events of my boyhood, and my face was filled with tears. I woke up even more sad after crying.
Already sighing, he became even more embarrassed after hearing these words. The same frustrated people wandering far away meet each other. It doesn't matter if they didn't know each other before! I sighed when I heard the pipa, and sighed again when I heard the words.
We are both fallen people at the end of the world, so why should we have known each other before? I have been ill since I bid farewell to the capital last year and was demoted to Xunyang. Xunyang is a desolate and remote place, where there is no music, and orchestral music is not heard all year round. 3. What kinds of classical Chinese are there?
What is classical Chinese?
[Edit this paragraph]
1. Classical Chinese is very exciting. This is certainly true. The main body of Chinese traditional culture is classical Chinese. It can be seen that the history of China's modern civilization is still very short, and it is still necessary to deconstruct or interpret traditional culture for modernization, because the inheritance of traditional wisdom is based on the correct interpretation of classical Chinese.
2. Classical Chinese is knowledge. This is right, because classical Chinese is no longer a language, it is purely words. But classical Chinese is knowledge, and Oracle is also knowledge, so why not learn Oracle? By the way, it is precisely because oracle bone inscriptions are more primitive writing, so classical Chinese is the basis for further learning of traditional advanced writing (study) such as oracle bone inscriptions.
3. Classical Chinese is also a skill. Chinese expressions, descriptions, combinations, transformations, metaphors, metaphors, deductions... fully bear the style of Chinese civilization in the expression of ideas. Master the physical structure of classical Chinese and have a deeper understanding of modern Chinese, and you will have "laws" to follow for the construction of new Chinese.
4. "Classical Chinese" is the opposite of "vernacular Chinese". The structure of the word is this: classical Chinese-文. The first "wen" is "writing" and "yan" is language. "Classical Chinese" refers to "written language". It illustrates two meanings: first, it indicates that the classical Chinese text is a kind of language; second, this language was later literalized. "Literalized" language also has two meanings: first, a culture that can have language but no writing, for example, most ethnic minorities only have language but no writing; second, the language function withdraws from life and becomes history in the form of writing.
The literal meaning of "classical Chinese" should be: a style of language that has been written down. The "wen" at the back refers to the style of writing.
So apart from archaeological research, does classical Chinese have any "future"? In other words, what other application value does it have in life? I think there is. When the traditional form of life fades into modern society, it is only that people ignore the social life in some marginal areas, which causes modern applications to doubt or ignore classical Chinese.
For example, in religious construction, some inscriptions are still written in classical Chinese, written in calligraphy, and engraved using tools. This is also the case for most applications of seal script.
The term "classical Chinese" can also encompass the cultural and historical relationship between language and writing. In a certain form, once a certain language - including dialects - is "wen" or literalized, that is, written, the charm of its language is suddenly reduced, while the function of writing is doubled. Because language is usually passed down orally and is closely related to life, language has not yet entered a cultural state. It is a preservation of life experience and does not have the extended performance of words.
In the process of reading classical Chinese, we will inevitably have an illusion: Did people in ancient times also say this? I think this can be "feeled" by the difference in expression between written language and spoken language in the present tense. There is no big difference in structure and rules between them. It can also be speculated that the ancient people's speech was just more casual and popular than classical Chinese. The "three words and two beats" can also be used as a reference. As for when we read classical Chinese today, of course it does not mean that we are repeating what the ancients said, but that we are reciting or silently reading a literary style.
When reading classical Chinese, you feel a very clear line of thought, just like occasionally reading the works of Western philosophers, which has the solemnity it deserves.
Tips for translating ancient texts
When translating ancient texts, follow your own order, read the whole text at first glance, and grasp the main idea;
Define the topic first, collect information, and go from paragraph to sentence. , from clause to word,
Understand them all and connect them together. When dealing with difficult sentences, you need to be careful.
Take care of the previous text, connect the following sentences, consider carefully, and figure out the tone,
Strive to be reasonable and have a close connection between words and sentences.
If something is omitted, fill in the original meaning and add parentheses to indicate gain.
The names of people and places do not need to be translated. The personal titles are in accordance with the usual conventions.
"I" and "I" are for me, and "er" and "you" are for you. There are rules for omitting inversion.
Content words and function words are explained along with the text to sharpen the sense of language and vary from sentence to sentence.
After the translation is completed, you must carefully compare it sentence by sentence to understand the tone.
Make sure the sentences are smooth before putting down the pen. 4. The full text of the classical Chinese article Chuanjing was translated by someone else
"Someone heard this and the Ding family replied.
Song Jun. Those who heard about it and spread it said that they spread rumors and spread rumors. ."
[Prompt]: "My family dug a well and got a man." People in the capital are talking about it: preposition.
⑦ Make——Use to draw water from the well: "The Ding family dug a well and got a man." It was spread that: This fable reminds people: The ancient capital was also called "country". Gai original text] Ding family of Song Dynasty.
⑥Ask Mr. Ding - Ask Mr. Ding about this matter, and you will hear wind as rain. After a well was drilled in his house, he introduced the initiative.
⑤Heard it to Song Jun——This matter was heard by Song Jun. country.
The king of the Song Dynasty sent someone to ask the man named Ding about the labor force, so he did not want to follow what others said. Ji: There was a family named Ding in the Song Dynasty, so there was always one person living outside. There was no well in the house and the water came out. Ji: "I dug a person through the well", which does not mean that a person was dug out of the well: Yinji, often one person lives in the house. outside.
Yu: "Get one person's labor: After hearing some rumors: Yin gai: "Get one person's envoy⑦. " "Lu Shi Chun He·Shen Xing Lan·Cha Zhuan" [Note] ① Selected from "Lu Shi Chun He·Shen Xing Lan·Cha Zhuan", watering.
③And——wait: pronoun : When "being" is said, it refers to the matter of "Ding's passing through the well and finding someone": The preposition was passed on to the king of the Song Dynasty, and he told others that he heard about it. The king of Song asked Ding about it. ⑥, you have to go outside to fetch water to irrigate the ground.
Since there is no well at home, you have to use your brain to think about whether it is reasonable: "Speak to" the king of Song Dynasty, Ding said to him. .
One person is found through the well [translation].
④The people of the country are talking about it - people in the capital are talking about it.
② irrigating - to draw water from a well to irrigate the ground, one person must be in the well. "The way of Chinese people ④.
No. ③ His house has a well, which is the object of "smell". 5. The origin of the idiom (classical Chinese) and the translation of the origin
Carving a boat to seek a sword
[Original text]
There was a man from Chu who was wading into the river. His sword fell from his boat into the water. He quickly contacted his boat and said, "This is where my sword fell from." "When the boat stopped, I entered the water to seek it from the person it was bound to. The boat has already moved, but the sword cannot move. Isn't it confusing to ask for a sword like this? (from "Lu Shi Chun Qiu. Cha Jin")
[Translation]
When a man from Chu State was crossing a river by boat, his sword fell from the boat into the water. He carved a mark on the side of the boat and said: "This is the place where my sword fell." . "When the ship docked, he jumped into the water from the marked place to look for the sword. The ship had gone a long way, but the sword had not gone. Isn't it very confusing to look for the sword like this?
Explanation of the truth: Things in the world are always developing and changing. When people think about problems and do things, they should take this change into consideration and adapt to the needs of this change. They cannot stick to dogma. Stubborn people don’t know how to adapt.
Zheng people buy shoes
[Original text] People in Zheng who have shoes and put them on, first take care of their feet and then put them down and forget to take care of them. He said, "I forgot to hold on to it." "He went back to get it. When he turned back, he stopped in the market and couldn't walk. The man said, "Why don't you give it a try?" Said: "It is better to have faith than to have self-confidence." " (Han Fei's "Han Feizi? Foreign Reserve Says Upper Left")
[Translation]
There was a man from Zheng who wanted to buy shoes. He first measured his feet at home and put them The size was placed on his seat. When it was time to go to the market, he forgot to bring the size. He had already received the shoes and said: "I forgot to bring the size." . "He returned home to get the size. When he came back, the market had dispersed and he didn't buy any shoes. Someone asked him, "Why don't you try the shoes on your own feet?" He replied: "I would rather believe in the size than my own feet!" ”
Explanation of the truth: Tell us that we will not succeed if we follow superstitious dogma regardless of reality. (It is intended to satirize those who do not proceed from reality and adhere to dogma and do things dullly.) (Knowledge in books is not necessarily Reliable and bold experimentation based on actual needs is the most effective way to solve the problem.)
Wait for the rabbit. [Original text] There are farmers in the Song Dynasty. He broke his neck and died. He kept the grass and hoped to get the rabbit again. The rabbit was not available, but he was a man of the Song Dynasty. >
Once upon a time, there was a farmer in the Song Dynasty. There was a tree stump in his field. One day, a running rabbit hit the tree stump and broke its neck. From then on, the farmer abandoned his farming. He waited by the tree stump every day, hoping to get another rabbit. Of course, the rabbit did not come, but he himself became the laughing stock of Song Dynasty. If you try to live by luck, you won't get good results. You can't take chances and hope for unexpected gains. 6. What is the meaning of "le" in classical Chinese?
[liǎo]
Understand: Ming~.
Finish, end:
After the verb. "No" and "had" are used together to express possibility or impossibility: Can't see~.
Used before and after "have" and "must" are used to express unusual or serious situations: That's okay. ~Get!
了[le]
Placed after a verb or adjective to indicate that the action or change has been completed: write ~
Particle, used. The end of a sentence or the pause in the sentence indicates a change or a new situation: windy~.
Verb
Pronunciation: liǎo
Pictogram. Cong Zi, without arms. The small seal characters resemble the shape of a baby tying up its arms. Newborn babies are often bound by their arms. Original meaning: to bind a baby's arms.
[1] The hand is bent
It’s wrong. Congzi has no arms. ──Xu Shen's "Shuowen" of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Press, still pay. When the hand is contracted, it is said to be lulled, and when the shin is contracted, it is called 尥.
Anything that has two strands or one strand that is tangled and tied and does not stretch out straight is said to be ruthless. ──Duan Yucai's "Shuowen Jie Zi Annotation" of the Qing Dynasty
Another example: Liao Yi (the hands and legs are bent, which by extension refers to the way two things are entangled and twisted but not straight)
[2] Under the guise of "憭" and "武". Understand, understand its meaning.
I can’t stand it. ──Note from "Erya·Shiqiu".
Although his expression remains unchanged, his heart understands the reason. ──Liu Yiqing's "Shishuo Xinyu" of the Southern Song Dynasty
Such as: understand the law (understand the principles of the law); understand the things (understand the business); understand the benefits (clear, understand); understand (understand, clearly)
[3] End, end
Xiao Qiao got married for the first time. ── Su Shi, Northern Song Dynasty, "Niannujiao·Chibi Nostalgia"
Another example: 了了(end, repay); END (end; end); 了(end); 了(settlement) ; end); end (terminate, end)
adjective
Pronunciation: liǎo
[1] Clever, intelligent
A small one is smart, but a big one may not be surprising. ─ "Book of the Later Han·Biography of Kong Rong"
It's fast. Qin said. ──"Dialect 2"
Another example: Liaohui (smart); Liaoqian (shrewd and capable)
[2] Clear, clear. Such as: Liaoli (clear, understand); Liaobian (answer clearly and quickly)
[3] Bright, bright
Receiving a piece of autumn fragrance, it is as bright as snow. ──Nalan Xingde's "Pipa Immortal" of the Qing Dynasty
Adverb
Pronunciation: liǎo
[1] Completely, completely──and "nothing" , "not" are used together, used in front of verbs or adjectives, to express scope, equivalent to "completely", "completely" and "entirely". Such as: there is no fear of color; there is no involvement; there is no getting it (you can’t get it in the end); there is no sadness when you say it
[2] Place it after the verb, with "get" or "get" "No" is used together to express possibility. For example: It can be done; can you come, can you come?
Excerpted from relevant entries in "Baidu Chinese" and "Baidu Encyclopedia".