? Wang Chuanxue
Bamboo is tall and strong, modest and disciplined, and can withstand frost and snow in severe cold. It has been loved by literati of all ages. Su Shi, a famous writer, calligrapher and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, was a bamboo lover. He not only admired and tasted bamboo, but also painted and wrote about bamboo, leaving behind many excellent works of bamboo chanting.
Su Shi's good friend Huang Tingjian liked Su Shi's bamboo paintings, and once wrote a poem for his paintings titled "Title of Bamboo and Stone Herding Cows (and cited)":
Zizhan Paintings There are bamboos and strange rocks, and there are herdsmen riding bulls on the slope in front of Bo Shi. They are very expressive and playful.
Noci is a small towering place, with secluded bamboo and greenery leaning against each other.
A boy with a three-foot stick can guard against this old man.
I love the stone very much, so don’t send the ox to sharpen its horns!
An ox can sharpen its horns, but a fight between oxen and bamboo will destroy my bamboo.
The character Zizhan in the introduction to this poem is the character of Su Shi, and Boshi is the character of the famous Northern Song Dynasty painter Li Gonglin. In other words, Su Shi and Li Gonglin collaborated to draw a picture of cattle herding with bamboo and stone. Su Shi painted bamboos and strange rocks, and Li Gonglin added a painting of shepherds riding bulls. The famous calligrapher Huang Tingjian found it interesting and wrote a poem for it. The word "beat" in the poem refers to a whip, and the word "姧觧" refers to an ox, and "瀷" means sharpening. The last four lines of the poem "I love this stone very much, don't send oxen to sharpen their horns! Oxen can still sharpen their horns, but oxen fighting will destroy my bamboo", which means: I love this stone very much, don't let oxen sharpen its horns on the stone. It's okay if the cows grind their horns, but if the cows fight, my bamboos will be damaged. It expresses the poet's cherishment of the bamboos painted by Su Shi in a witty and humorous way, which can be said to be the finishing touch. This poetry and painting creation, which combines poetry, calligraphy and painting, fully demonstrates the friendship between Su Shi, Li Gonglin and Huang Tingjian, as well as their common feelings of appreciating and loving bamboo.
Dongpo’s love for bamboo not only comes to life on the painting paper, but also permeates many of his poems related to bamboo painting. The painter Wen Tong, with the courtesy name Ke, was Su Shi's cousin. He served as the magistrate of Yangzhou. He worked diligently to promote advantages and eliminate disadvantages, and his governance took on a new look. So he selected thirty scenery as objects and wrote "Thirty Poems on Staying in the Garden". Send it to Su Shi and other friends. Su Shi wrote "Thirty Poems on Harmony and Keyangchuan Garden", and his poem "Shuangyun Pavilion" said:
The new bamboo basket cannot be restrained,
Chanjuan is already old Cold posture.
To see the frost,
you have to wait for the autumn wind to fall.
稨龙: Bamboo shoots. Jun: The green skin of bamboo, extended to be another name for bamboo. Huang: refers to bamboo in general. The poetic meaning is: the new bamboo that has just broken out of the bamboo shell is still a little weak and cannot keep itself upright, but it is already elegant and has a shape that can withstand severe cold. But to see its solemn and respectable appearance, proud of the frost and cold, you have to wait until the autumn wind blows and the pollen falls. The poem highlights the bamboo's qualities of not being afraid of severe cold and being proud of the wind and frost. The poet's love, expectations and praise for Hsinchu are beyond words.
His "Yundang Valley" writes:
The bamboos cultivated in Hanchuan are as cheap as fluff,
How can a heavy ax forgive a dragon?
I am expected to be poor and greedy for the governor,
I have a thousand acres of Weibin in my heart.
The first two sentences of this poem talk about the fact that the Hanchuan area is rich in bamboo, and people like to cut and eat the cheap and high-quality bamboo shoots. The greedy governor in the last two sentences refers to Wen Tong. He first made fun of the honest and impoverished greedy governor, who must be among the greedy people. Then he changed the topic and praised Wen Tong for his unique bamboo painting. He could see thousands of acres of bamboo forest, and his heart There are many kinds of drawings first, and then the painting is started. What is interesting is that when Wen Tong received Su Shi's poem, he was traveling in the valley with his wife. They were cooking bamboo shoots for dinner. Su Shi pointedly pointed out in his article "Wen Yu Ke Hua Yuandang Valley Yan Bamboo" that "therefore, to draw bamboo, you must first have the bamboo in your mind." He opposed the painting method of "doing it step by step, and doing it leaf by leaf", and advocated consistency after being precise, emphasizing that the most important thing is spiritual resemblance. The Chinese idiom "have a confident mind" originated from this article by Su Shi. Su Shi greatly appreciated Wen Tong's spirit of concentrating on painting and forgetting both things and myself.
His "This Jun's Nunnery" writes:
I would like to hug you in front of the nunnery,
I will be with you everywhere.
Although I am a literary scholar, I am also a true journalist.
The personification of bamboo is called "this king", which originally originated from the words of Wang Hui of the Jin Dynasty: "How can there be no such king for a day?" ("Shi Shuo Xin Yu") The poet here further named bamboo as " "Baojie Jun" is novel, profound and relevant. Then he had a conversation with Zhu: You and I should be close to each other, because although "Master Wen" painted for you, I wrote articles for his studio! In a lively and lively way, it narrates the historical facts of "Mo Jun" Wen Tong painted bamboos and Su Shi himself wrote "Mo Jun Tang Ji", embodying the "spreading language, without asking for work, but with extraordinary meaning" (Zhao Keyi, Jiao Shanlou The characteristics of "Su Shi Commentary and Hui Chao").
The poet admired Wen Yuke's bamboo paintings very much. He wrote in the poem "Shu Chao Bu Zhi Zhi Yu Ke Paints Bamboo":
When Yu Ke painted bamboo, See the bamboo but not the people.
How can it be that no one is seen, but his body is left behind.
Its body is transformed into bamboo, endlessly refreshing.
Zhuang Zhou has never existed, who would have known such concentration?
Taran in the poem refers to a calm mood. "Taran leaves one's body behind" refers to a calm mood, forgetting both things and myself. "His body and bamboo transform" means that his whole body and mind are integrated into the painting. Because it is possible to "his body and bamboo transform", the bamboos he paints can be constantly updated. Chao Buzhi in the poem was a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. From the content of Su Shi's poems above, it is not difficult to see that he was carefully observing and thinking about Wen Tong's successful experience in painting bamboo.
Su Shi loved Wen Tong's bamboo paintings very much. In addition to admiring them, he often copied them. He wrote the poem "Self-titled Linwen and Paintable Bamboo":
Mr. Shishi was in a state of excitement,
The little phoenix flew across the sky when he started writing.
I borrowed your wonderful ideas to write about Yuandun,
I left them with the poet to express his satire.
After Su Shi copied the text and Kezhu paintings, he was still inspired and wrote this poem himself.
The hymns in the poem and the bamboo ink are as vivid as a flying phoenix. I borrowed the wonderful artistic conception of Wen and Ke's bamboo paintings to draw bamboos, leaving it to the poet to comment and criticize. It shows the poet's extreme love for Wen and Ke bamboo paintings.
Su Shi's most distinctive bamboo poem is "Yu Qian Monk Luyun Pavilion". This poem can be said to be the culmination of bamboo poems:
You can eat without meat, and you can't live without meat. bamboo.
No meat makes you thin, and no bamboo makes you vulgar.
People who are thin can still gain weight, but lay people cannot cure it.
Others laugh at this and say, "Does it sound like high or foolish?"
If you still chew on this, there are Yangzhou cranes in the world!
Yu Qian in the title of the poem is the name of an old county in present-day Lin'an, Zhejiang. Yu Qianseng's surname was Zi and his courtesy name was Huijue. He became a monk and lived in Jizhao Temple in Fengguo Township, the southern head of the county, so he was called Yu Qianseng. Green Jun Pavilion is located in Jizhao Temple. Bamboo is planted in front of the pavilion and the environment is decorated with bamboo. It is very elegant. This move was greatly appreciated by Dongpo. This poem borrows the title "Yu Qianseng Luyunxuan" to praise elegance and high moral integrity and criticize materialistic desires and vulgarity.
Judging from the title and content of the poem, there is a large area of ??quiet green bamboo planted in the Green Junxuan where Yu Qian monk lives, which makes people fascinated. In the poem, the poet suddenly came up with a strange idea and discussed eating meat and looking at bamboo as a contrast. "No meat makes you thin, and no bamboo makes you vulgar." You cannot have both fatness and elegance. When measured, it is better to eat without meat and be thin than to live without bamboo. The reason is that people can be thin and fat, and people can be fat. It's hard to cure. If others (lay people) are puzzled by this and ask with a smile: "Does it sound like vulgarity or stupidity?" Then let me ask you, if you still chew in front of this king (bamboo), you must not only want to have a noble name, but also want to be noble. How can there be such a thing as "Yangzhou Crane" in the world when it comes to enjoying the sweet taste? The phrase "Yangzhou Crane" comes from the story in "Yin Yun's Novel". The general idea is that guests gathered together and each expressed his or her own ambitions. Some wanted to be an official, some wanted to get rich, some wanted to ride a crane to the sky and become an immortal. One of them wanted to get promoted, get rich, and become an immortal at the same time. The poetic meaning of this sentence is: You want to grow bamboo to gain a noble reputation, and you also want to eat bamboo's delicacies. Are there such beautiful things in the world? Yes, it is impossible to desire both fatness and detachment from the secular world. Spirituality and materiality, virtue and food are often difficult to have at the same time, and you cannot have your cake and eat it too. The arguments of "possible" and "impossible" in Su's poems are rich in philosophy.
Monk Yuqian, named Zi and Huijue, became a monk at Jizhao Temple in Fengguo Township, the southern head of Yuqian County. There is a Green Jun Pavilion in the temple, and green bamboos are planted everywhere. This poem by Su Shi neither describes the beauty of green bamboo nor the joy of visiting the Xuan. Instead, it writes in the air and expresses a high opinion. It is not difficult to imagine the elegance of Qian Seng and his Luxuan Xuan. It also reflects the bamboo that "has knots before it is unearthed, and is still modest in the sky", which is consistent with Su Dongpo's sentiments of being empty but knotty, sparse and light, not admiring glory, not striving for beauty, not flattering or flattering. No wonder Su Dongpo said that "a gentleman is more virtuous than a bamboo", he chanted about bamboo that "it's like a wind and snow, it can be broken but not humiliated", and Wang Hui said that "you can't live without this gentleman for a day" when viewing bamboo.
Su Shi loved bamboo, painted bamboo, and wrote poems about bamboo, mostly because the charm of bamboo was a reflection of his personal spiritual integrity. The poem "Bamboo" written in the second year of Yuanfeng (1079) when he was in Huzhou was the image of this quality:
Today the south wind is coming, blowing the courtyard into chaos Front bamboo.
The low-pitched alto will be heard, and the armor blades will touch each other.
Xiao Ran’s wind and snowy mood can be broken but not humiliated.
The wind and bamboo have returned, and the sapphire has scattered.
Where is the old mountain now? The autumn rain is barren of chrysanthemums.
If you know whether you are healthy or not, please return to sweep Nanxuan Green.
Because Su Shi couldn't stand the group of "new and brave" villains who controlled the government, he made a few complaints in "Huzhou Expression of Thanks", which attracted attacks from a group of petty people, and he was trapped in "Utai". "Poetry Case", while in prison, I saw the bamboo branches swaying outside the window, felt something, and wrote this poem.
This is a five-character ancient poem. The first two sentences describe the mood of the bamboo in the wind. The first sentence tells the story directly without modification, which is powerful and powerful. In the early autumn, the south wind blows, and this is the origin. To describe the image of bamboo in the wind, I use the word "chaos" to summarize it. Bamboo is helpless and is tossed around by the wind. It is as if it is pitching and trembling in front of you. It's just like Su Shi's situation: "The soul is frightened and the fire is as strong as a chicken." Three and four sentences are written in both pronunciation and form. The bamboo branches swayed, making a low or high-pitched rustling sound, like music flying, with a medium tone and a medium tone; the branches and leaves were scattered in chaos, like thousands of swords and guns facing each other, and the weapons clashing. These two metaphors are both spiritual and physical, and the writing is novel and eye-catching. Five or six sentences of discussion. The wind whistled, it was cold and lifeless, and the world was filled with a frightening atmosphere of wind and snow. Bamboo, on the other hand, would rather fall down and be tortured than accept any insult. This is the unique flexibility, perseverance, and awe-inspiring character of bamboo. The beauty of these two sentences is that they chant bamboo on the surface, but in fact they express one's mind and make a big discussion, "talking about yourself without seeing any traces of it." In seven or eight sentences, the wind has stopped and the bamboo has stopped. The south wind finally subsided, and the green bamboo returned to its original upright appearance. "Yi Yi" is beautiful and majestic. The bamboos are still standing gracefully, and the emerald-like branches and leaves are still covered in all directions. It’s true that “looking back at this desolate place, there was neither wind nor rain”. The tranquility of the bamboo and its clear and strong joints reflect Su Shi's open-minded character.
The Wutai poem incident still had a heavy blow to Su Shi. In the last four lines, the poem suddenly turns to chrysanthemum, which seems inconsistent with the title of the poem, but it reveals Su Shi's "indifferent" attitude after great disappointment. state of mind. The misfortune of the bamboo evokes nostalgia for the hometown, and the worry about the desolation of the "hedge chrysanthemum" expresses the thoughts of retreat. These four sentences are similar to those of Chanting Bamboo. They are both supporting objects to express feelings.
This is a lyrical poem that supports things. As an ancient style, it is written in a simple and unpretentious way and full of meaning. The predecessors commented on this poem and said that "it is as cold and simple as Yuanming, as powerful as Changli, and its writing is as thoughtful as "Let me go, but I don't have such a high temperament." Xin Ran.
Su Shi didn’t have many poems about bamboo, but this one, "Ding Feng Bo·The Rain Washes the Young Leaves," is unique:
The rain washes the tender leaves, and the wind blows the moon. Fine green Junxiang. The beautiful scenery invades the book late at night, the curtain is rolled up, the clear shade is slightly cooler than the wine.
? People paint bamboo with fat and swollen body, what is the use? The gentleman wrote better than Xiao Lang. I remember the quiet night in Xiaoxuan, under the corridor, with the moonlight and sparse shadows on the east wall.
The small preface before the poem reads: On July 6, the sixth year of Yuanfeng, I drank liquor at Renwenfu’s house, got very drunk, and composed a collection of ancient sentences to compose Mozhu poems.
This poem is a collection of sentences.
Collection poetry is a wonderful flower in the field of traditional Chinese poetry, with high artistic value and appreciation value.
Excellent collections of poems are "as if the idea has already come out", "appropriate to the title, continuous emotions, exquisite sentences, and integrated into one" (Qing Dynasty, Shen Xiong's "Ancient and Modern Poetry"), "completely natural, without any far-fetched state at the beginning, often with Better than this poem" ("Archaeological Questions" by Ye Daqing of the Song Dynasty). It is an artistic re-creation. Although the poems are all the work of predecessors, and the words themselves have no originality, poems of different styles can be recombined by the creators according to the relevant principles of "initiation, inheritance, transfer, and combination" of poems, so that the objects can express feelings and be coherent. Integrated, it can give people a unified artistic beauty.
The poem is collected from Du Fu's "Ode to Bamboo in Yan Zheng's Mansion": "The green bamboo is half covered with bamboo, and the new shoots are just emerging from the wall. The color invades the book and the night is dark, and the wine bottle is cool in the shade. The rain is trickling. Pure, the wind blows softly and the fragrance is fine. But if you don't cut it, you will see the wind blowing."
The poem below collects the poems of two poets, one is Bai Juyi's "Painting Bamboo Songs": " Xiao Lang's brushwork is unique and realistic, and he is the only one in the history of painting who paints bamboos with fat and swollen bodies, and Xiao's paintings with thin and knotty stems. Painting, lower your ears and listen carefully to the suspicious sounds." The second is Cao Xiyun's poems of the time. Su Dongpo said in "Shu Cao Xiyun's Poems": "In modern times, there was a woman named Cao Xiyun who was quite good at poetry. Although her rhyme was not very high, she sometimes had clever words. She once wrote the poem "Mozhu" and said: "I remember the silent night in Xiaoxuan Cen, the moon is moving. The sparse shadows on the east wall are very useful."
At that time, Su Shi was relegated to Huangzhou and was at a low point in his life.
This word describes the scenery, describing the moist bamboo leaves after the rain, and the fragrance of the bamboo leaves blown by the wind. In the sentence "Beautiful colors invade the book at night", the poet added the words "Xiu" and "Luan" to the original sentence. The word "Xiu" further echoes the above text, implicitly describing the luster of bamboo under the moistening of rain; and " The word "Chaos" echoes the existence of "wind" in the above text, and describes the dynamic beauty brought by the wind passing through the bamboo leaves and branches, making the picture vivid and perceptible. Xiao Lang in the lower column refers to Xiao Yue, a painter of the Tang Dynasty who was good at painting bamboos. Juyi once praised the bamboos he painted for having "thin stems and joints" and "moving branches and moving leaves". In the art of bamboo painting, the poet pursues a lean soul and pursues verve; in terms of life attitude, the poet is at a low point in life but can still be broad-minded, detached, wild and comfortable. The lonely shadow of bamboo gives people a sense of purity and expresses the poet's lonely but detached temperament at the lowest point in his life.