The west side of the general office hall used to be the official residence, which was the place where officials other than generals handled their official duties or rested. At present, it is the exhibition room of the family life of Empress Dowager Cixi in her girlhood, displaying two hand-painted Chinese paintings and household items such as copper pots, copper pots and silver ingots.
Cheng Wai, the father of Cixi, is a man holding a yellow flag. Cheng Wai was promoted from Anhui to Guisui garrison station, and came to Suiyuan City with her daughter Laner (the nickname of Cixi) aged 15, and lived in Qingfeng Street (the existing East Phoenix Street and West Phoenix Street in Hohhot) successively.
According to historical records, Cixi lived in Suiyuan City as a girl and was interested in literature, painting and history. She studies here, learns to draw, plays chess and piano, and often rides horses and shoots arrows. There is no record of the girl's appearance in the history books. Unofficial history describes her as: "Every time she goes out, onlookers mumble joy and praise, saying that the incarnation of the fairy is just that".
Cixi (1835―― 1908), a painter and ghost writer of Cixi, is a well-known figure among women and children. In addition to being good at politics and keen on politics, Cixi loves painting and calligraphy in her life, especially giving her "homemade" paintings and calligraphy to ministers to show her love and win the hearts of the people. In fact, Cixi has no artistic talent, and most of her paintings and calligraphy are ghostwritten. The special seal of Cixi became Cixi's own work. Therefore, strictly speaking, it is more accurate to call Cixi's paintings and calligraphy as Cixi's paintings and calligraphy.
So, what are the calligraphy and paintings made by Cixi herself? The Palace Museum in Beijing has a copy of Panruo Paramita Heart Sutra written by Cixi in cinnabar ink on July 2nd in the 30th year of Guangxu (1904), from which we can get a glimpse of the true face of Cixi's calligraphy. The structure of this scripture is flat and loose, and the brushwork is tender and tender, lifeless, which belongs to the level of beginners ink calligraphy. As for Cixi's hand-painting, we can see the draft of Flower Mantis Map, which is the treasure of Empress Dowager Cixi's imperial brush, and the teacher's comments on the painting, among which there are many beautiful words such as "good in ink", "good" and "pen meaning". But a careful examination of his paintings also belongs to the level of beginners; Polygonum flowers are like broken branches and dead leaves, with luxuriant branches and messy leaves. They are timid, hesitant with pens, and have no skills. Mantis is also painted to be inconsistent with bones. It can be seen that Cixi's painting ability is far from reaching the level of independent painting.
The painter who ghosted for Cixi was Miao Suyun (184 1 year-1918), a famous Jiahui, a native of Kunming, Yunnan, who was the most important ghostwriter of Cixi's paintings. After entering the palace, Miao Suyun got used to the world of officialdom, only accepted the superiors and treated the subordinates well, so she won unanimous praise from the empress dowager to the palace supervisor and was honored as "female painter" and "Mr. Miao". Cixi is very kind to her, giving her three kinds of clothes, giving her a monthly salary of 200 gold, exempting her from bowing ceremony, and often having Miao Suyun around to teach her to draw or paint for her at any time. Qu, a court painter in the late Qing Dynasty, painted pines, cranes and ganoderma lucidum of Cixi's generation.
Cixi's poor artistic appreciation and expressive force led to her palace paintings being famous for mediocrity during her reign. During this period, no creative painters were trained, nor did they create works that had an impact on the painting world at that time or later. The court painting in the late Qing Dynasty, under the background of "Shanghai School" painting full of artistic vitality from the folk, became more and more pale, so that people often ignored its existence.
The life story of Cixi revealed by the descendants of Cixi is located at Fangjiayuan, Chaoyangmen, Dongcheng District, Beijing 1 1. There is a beautiful courtyard with blue bricks and gray tiles and red painted doors. There are two wisteria trees in the yard, and there is also a begonia that is still bearing fruit, a boulder pier idle by the wall, and a brick carving abandoned in the corner. It seems that people can still be found. On the gate of this typical ancient courtyard in China hangs a piece of furniture made by Aisin Gioro? Yu Garden inscribed "Your Childe's Mansion" in three characters. At that time, it was from here that two Empresses of the Qing Dynasty appeared, namely Cixi and Yulong. The special status of "one queen and two emperors" also made the Yehenala family living in this "Gui Palace" prominent for a while, and later Qing history experts also praised this "Gui Palace" as "the phoenix nest of two generations of queens in the late Qing Dynasty".
Recently, the author specially went to the Phoenix Nest in Beijing, and was fortunate to meet a descendant of the Yehenala family who came out of this Phoenix Nest-Yehenala, the fourth great-grandson of Cixi. Genzheng.
The origin of Yehnara and the first empress of Qing Dynasty according to Yehnara? Gen Zheng said: "There is a story about the origin of Yehnara: at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, the Yehnara family, which had established the city of Yehnara in Yehe River, had a war with the clan of Aisin Choro. At that time, the patriarch of the Aisinggioro family pointed to the earth and said,' We are the noblest gold on the earth (Aisinggioro means gold)!' The leader of Yehnara heard a burst of laughter. He pointed to the sun in the sky and said, "What is gold? We call it! Yehnara finally defeated Essien Joro and became the largest tribe in Northeast China at that time. "
According to historical records, Yehenala is the most popular surname in Manchu and one of the earliest surnames. Ye Henala's earliest ancestors can be traced back to the Hercynian Nuzhen in the Five Dynasties. Its ancestor is Xing Kendal Han, whose original surname is Tumote. Ye Henala's ancestor was originally a Mongolian who went to Hulunbeier, where he was adopted by his wife. Nala means love. He owned his own land and became a country. Because his country is a city built on the banks of the Yee River, it is called Yee Genara. Yehenala is one of the eight Manchu surnames, among which many writers and military commanders have been born. For example, Nalan Xingde, an outstanding Manchu scholar who has always been known as the "No.1 scholar in the early Qing Dynasty", is surnamed Ye Henala. But what really made Ye Henara famous in the world were the three queens of Ye Henara.
Beautiful Cixi in Film and Television Plays
Na Genzheng (Ye Henara? Mr. Genzheng (current name) told the author: "Ye Henara and Ai Xinjue Roche are blood relatives for generations. Nurhachi was born in Yehenara and an uncle of Yehenara's family. His prince Huang taiji was also born to Ye Henara. There was a generation in the Qing Dynasty who said that Ye Henala's family produced beautiful women from generation to generation. "
The queen of Nuerhachi mentioned here, that is, the mother of Huang Taiji, is the first queen of the Qing Dynasty, Xiao Cigao. Xiaoci is the daughter of Minister Ye Yang. In the 16th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, she married Nurhachi at the age of 14 as a condition for the establishment of an army alliance between Jianzhou Nuzhen and Ye Nuzhen. She lived with Nurhachi for 15 years and only gave birth to a son of Huang Taiji. She died at the age of 29. In the first year of Chongde in the Qing Dynasty, she was chased by Huang Taiji as the high queen of Taizu.
During the 15 years when filial piety and Nurhachi lived together, it was a glorious period when Nurhachi actively expanded outward, unified the ministries of Jurchen and accepted concubines.
According to Mr. Na Genzheng, it took Nurhachi 36 years to unify Mongolia and other ministries in northeast China, and finally he declared war on Yehnara! There are two reasons: first, Yehnara is the best; Secondly, Khan of Yehnara is his own uncle, and the generals guarding the pass are all his cousins and relatives. At that time, Nurhachi surrounded Ye Hecheng with his hordes, but he did not declare war immediately, but knelt in front of the city for three days and three nights, demanding that Ye Rush surrender and unite with him to deal with the Ming regime. However, the Yehnara family thinks you are our son-in-law. If you don't listen to me, you have to listen to me. That won't do! Resolutely disagree. No way, Nurhachi gave an order that all those who are willing to surrender should have high officials and high salaries, and those who resist will disown my six relatives and split up. In this way, Nurhachi declared war on Yehnara. After fierce fighting, Nurhachi finally entered the city and killed tens of thousands of people. The besieged leaders of Yenara also committed suicide, preferring to die rather than surrender. Until the last old generation died, the rest of the young people saw that the general trend was gone, and the general trend was only to surrender Nurhachi.
It is precisely because of this story that there has always been a legend that Ye Henara and Aisin Gioro are feuds, and neither the concubines nor the nuns in the palace choose Ye Henara. However, Na Genzheng told the author, "In fact, this is ridiculous. Not only the queen of the eldest prince (Nuerhachi), but also the biological mother of Emperor Taizong (Huang Taiji) are Ye La's, the side princess of Emperor Taizong, the Hui princess of the empress (Kangxi) and the Shun princess of Qianlong, and also Ye La's. However, it was Empress Dowager Cixi who made the Yehnala family truly famous in the world! "