Fang Qiao, Ling Xuan, was born in Linzi, qi zhou. Smart since childhood, well-read, diligent and bureaucratic, good at writing. When Ling Xuan was a teenager, he went to the capital with his father. At that time, Emperor Wendi was in power and the world was at peace. However, in his later years, Fang carefully analyzed the world and told his father privately: "Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty has no merit, but only knows how to confuse the people. Moreover, he is not a long-term solution for the country. All the scholars are indifferent to each other, but they are extravagant and will eventually destroy each other. Now this country is peaceful, but the day of its demise is waiting. " At the age of 18, he was promoted to Jinshi in this state and was named Feather Rider. Due to his father's serious illness all the year round, Fang has been waiting for him and is extremely filial. Only when the soldiers crossed the Weibei River can they avoid the military gate. As soon as they hit it off, like old friends in life, they were immediately asked to join the army as clerks. In order to repay the kindness, Fang made every effort to plan the military and political affairs. Every time the separatist forces were defeated, everyone in the army tried their best to find treasures and foreign objects, but Fang visited Yingjie people everywhere and recommended them to the king of Qin. Therefore, the adviser was very grateful for Fang's recommendation and served with all his heart in the general's mansion.
Fang has been in charge of military affairs in Qin Gong for more than ten years. Besides, he has been stationed in Ma Licheng, and the text is reasonable, and there is no draft. Emperor gaozu Li Yuan also appreciated Fang Lingxuan very much and said to his courtiers, "This man is proficient in tactics and is worthy of appointment. Every time I do something for my son (Shimin), I will be touched by my heart. Thousands of miles away, I still have face to see. " Later, Prince Li was demoted to Qin, and Fang and Du Ruhui were also demoted. On the eve of the "Xuanwumen Change", Li Shimin secretly summoned two people to enter the cabinet disguised as Taoist priests, and finally praised the plan. In the first year of Zhenguan, the official worshipped the secretariat order. In terms of reward for merit, Emperor Taizong took Fang, Wuji, Du Ruhui and Hou as the first class and was promoted to the Duke of Xingguo. Li Shimin's cousin Li Shentong refused to accept, saying, "When the volunteers set out, I arrived with my troops first. Now Fang Lingxuan, Du Ruhui and other knife and pencil collectors (this uncle dare not mention Sun Chang Wuji because he is the brother-in-law of Taizong; Dare not mention and Hou, both of them are military commanders, and the face of your old boxing brother is not immune. On the contrary, he ranked first and the minister was dissatisfied. " Li Shimin was also impolite, and retorted in court: "Everyone has his own interests. Uncle, although you came with troops, you are afraid of being killed by the whole company because of the disaster. You have never fought in person. Against Dou Jiande, you completely lost (and captured, Jiande Rende didn't kill him. Li Shimin didn't find his face); Then Liu Heita got up and you ran away. Now Ling Xuan and others have retired, strategizing, stabilizing the country and attacking Xiao He. Although they have done nothing, they can make use of their great plan. Uncle, your country's closest relative, I don't hesitate to reward you, but I can't enjoy it with the heroes because of my affair! " In a word, this uncle, who has suffered many defeats and wars, is ashamed to step down, which makes him lose face.
In the second year of Zhenguan, Fang changed the country name to Wei Guogong, served as the official of Shangshu, and supervised the revision of national history. Fang devoted herself to sleep at night. In addition, he is a well-informed official, with lenient laws, meritocracy and no care about meanness. Critics call him a good man. He has been a prime minister for fifteen years, and his daughter is Princess Han. His son's legacy is Princess Gaoyang, who is extremely noble, but often feels inferior and dare not show off his pride. In the eighteenth year of Zhenguan, he personally expedition to Korea in Liaodong and ordered Fang to stay in Beijing. In the twenty-third year of Zhenguan, Fang's old illness recurred. At that time, Li Shimin was in Yuhua Palace. When he heard the news, he ordered others to carry Fang to the throne with their shoulders. When they met, they burst into tears and choked. Emperor Taizong ordered medical treatment for his wife and provided Fang with royal meals every day. Emperor Taizong was beaming when he heard that his illness had improved. Hearing that his illness was getting worse, Emperor Taizong immediately looked sad. On his deathbed, Fang said to the philosophers, "Now the world is at peace, but the emperor's insistence on pursuing North Korea is a national disaster. I am not ashamed of my Lord's anger. If I don't say anything, I will die with hatred. " So he protested in the above table, demanding that Emperor Taizong put the world first and stop cutting Korea. Emperor Taizong looked at his watch. Princess Gaoyang, the other daughter-in-law, said, "This man is dying, and it is really rare to worry about our country." On his deathbed, Li Shimin shook hands with his deathbed and made his son Fang Yi the right-back corps commander and Fang Yi the third doctor, so that he could see his two sons' dignitaries when he was alive. Fang Lingxuan will laugh when he dies. When he died at the age of 70, it was a year of joy and loss. Taizong abandoned the court for three days and gave it to Qiu, saying that he was buried with Zhaoling.
Fang has always warned his sons not to bully others with a superior eye and not to be arrogant and extravagant, and collected the commandments of ancient and modern sages, wrote them on the screen and distributed them to all heirs, saying, "If you can pay attention to the above, it will be enough to protect yourself and become famous." The eldest son's room was inherited by immediate successor, who was a big official in the history of does in the early years of Emperor Gaozong. When Emperor Taizong was alive, the legacy of his second son as a son-in-law was very different from that of other royal sons-in-law, because his wife Princess Gaoyang was particularly fond of him and his gifts were different from those of his husbands. Princess Gaoyang is arrogant. After Emperor Gaozong succeeded to the throne, she wanted her husband to inherit the title of Duke, so she wrongly accused him of being rude to herself (I don't know if he was flirting with her or disrespecting her). The emperor really attached great importance to it and asked my uncle to try Qu Wuji's case. All of a sudden, Princess Gaoyang and Fang tried to rebel. It's a pity that Fang was loyal to the whole life, and the family was finally tired by this vicious woman. The princess gave up on herself, and the palace left her love to punish her. Scholars were sent to Lingnan as criminals (golden branches and jade leaves, and from then on they became aborigines who spoke bird language). Thanks to his father's efforts, Fang Yi was finally saved from death and Shu Ren's name was cancelled.
It's a pity that Fang himself passed away, and this scarlet memorial tablet was ordered to withdraw from Taizong Hall, losing the qualification to enjoy it.
2. Who can provide some poems describing the imperial examination system? Meng Jiao's After Graduation used to be dirty and boastful, but now its debauchery is endless.
In the spring breeze, this proud horse runs at the speed of two beats. I visited all the sights of Chang 'an gracefully in one day. 1. On the Eve of Jinshi Zhang by Zhu Qingyu in Tang Dynasty: "Last night, the red candle stopped in the bridal chamber, and I was waiting for my uncle and aunt. After makeup, I asked my husband with a low eyebrow. Is thrush fashionable? " Before the exam, I wrote to Zhang Ji, a member of the Ministry of Water Supply (the Ministry of Industry of the Tang Dynasty), to get the truth. I compare myself to a new daughter-in-law who is about to meet her in-laws, and compare Zhang Shui to an aunt (in-laws) to express my uneasy mood. Zhang Ji wrote a song "Appreciating Zhu Qingyu", "Yue Nv's new makeup appeared in the mirror, and she knew she was more thoughtful. Wan Qi is not expensive enough in the world. She sang a Song Ling. Express appreciation for his talent. 2. In the Tang Dynasty, Meng Jiao failed many exams this year and wrote "Next Time": "Nine times a night, short dreams. When I was in Chang 'an twice, I always saw tears. "Later, I finally made the list and wrote a song" After the Examination ":"I used to be dirty and boastful, but now I am dissolute without limits. Spring breeze is proud of horseshoe disease. If we fail, will we fight wildly? There's no need to talk about mourning. Talented scholars and poets are naturally dressed in white. Yanhua lane is strange, according to Danqing barrier. Fortunately, people who are interested can look for it. They love red and lean on green, and their lives are smooth sailing. All for youth. They put up with floating names and changed to shallow singing! "4. Song Dong's" Willow "is full of articles, covered with frost and snow, and dusty. Up to now, there is nothing to clean up, except poverty. Fame and fame have always followed. I hate it. I've been patrolling Lee for years. I just lied to people. 5. Song Zhenzong Zhao Heng personally wrote a poem "Persuade Learning". There is no need for a "rich family" to build a high-rise hall, and the book has its own golden house; I don't hate that no one goes out, and there are many cars and horses in the book; Don't hate unscrupulous media when you get married. There is Yan Ruyu in the book; If people are willing to make a living, they will read to the window after six classics. "It can almost be regarded as an advertisement for imperial examinations. These are common poems, and there are some famous sentences, such as "Emperor Taizong really has a long strategy, and all the heroes he earns are bald", "Heroes in the world, if I win the prize" and "When the imperial list is full, Xianlang is even more outside".
3. An ancient poem related to the imperial examination Zhu Qingyu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a seven-character quatrain "To Zhang on the Eve of the Imperial Examination" for the Minister of Water Affairs before the examination: "The wedding ceremony ended last night, and I paid homage to my aunt before dawn.
Make-up, low eyebrow asked her husband, is it deep thrush? "On the wedding night, I went to see my in-laws in the morning, dressed up, and shyly asked my husband if his eyebrows were painted in the right depth? This poem compares herself to a new wife who is about to meet her in-laws, and compares Zhang Shuibu to an aunt (in-laws) to explore the truth. Metaphor is popular and appropriate, unique.
Zhang Ji praised it after reading it, and wrote a poem "Appreciating Zhu Qingyu": "Yue Nv's new makeup is in the mirror, and he knows that he is more thoughtful. Wan Qi is not expensive in the world, and a Song Ling is worth a thousand dollars. "
Poetry is answered by metaphor, comparing Zhu Qingyu to "Yue Nv", comparing his poems to "Brother Ling", and expressing appreciation for his talent with "Brother Ling is the enemy of a panacea".
4. Introduction to Pu Songling's Imperial Examination When Pu Songling 19 years old, he took the scholar exam. He became a scholar in Jinan, Zichuan County (now Jinan, Zichuan District, Shandong Province).
After the first of three exams, Pu Songling failed in four consecutive exams. Until he was 72 years old, he was just a tribute student.
Let's look at the pain of Pu Songling's imperial examination. Pu Songling was frustrated all his life, and his frustration as a teenager has just begun.
When Pu Songling 19 years old, he took the scholar exam. He was a scholar in Shandong Province, Jinan Prefecture and Zichuan County. Pu Songling was admitted by Shandong scholar Shi.
Shi is a great poet. In the early Qing Dynasty, he was called "Southern Poetry", which was from Anhui, while "Northern Poetry" was from Shandong. The first title of the top scholar in the history examination of Shandong Province is called "Fleas Rise", which comes from the book Mencius. Men have wives and concubines.
The eight-part essay in the imperial examination requires you to ponder the tone of the sages and speak for them. Since the topic is "The Rise of Fleas", as the name implies, you should explain the truth that Mencius said in "The Rise of Fleas": cultivate one's morality, keep one's family in harmony with the world.
How did Pu Songling write it? He writes in classical Chinese and we speak in vernacular Chinese. Pu Songling said: "I have observed those who pursue wealth. Gentlemen pursue the first, while villains pursue petty profits.
As for those who are not rich themselves, but often can't wait to stay in front of the rich, there are also many people. Those who are not interested in fame and fortune, only those women in boudoir, can have a leisurely sleep and not pursue fame and fortune. "
Pu Songling's description is vivid, like an essay describing the world. Next, Pu Songling went further and simply made it up. He writes about how Qi people's wives toss and turn at night, wondering how to follow their husbands, including psychological descriptions of characters, monologues and dialogues between characters, much like novels.
This way of writing, of course, does not meet the requirements of stereotyped writing, but the examiner Pu Songling met was Shi, a great writer who loved talent as much as his life. He appreciated Pu Songling's article very much. He picked up a pen and wrote a comment, saying that Pu Songling's article "exposed the ugliness of wealth for a while", wrote the ugliness of people's pursuit of fame and fortune through the word "flea", and then wrote eight words. "Reading like the moon" means reading the works of predecessors and seeing them clearly and thoroughly; "Writing like the wind" means writing articles easily and happily, which is very smooth.
With a stroke of a pen, he won the first place in Shandong champion Pu Songling. After the county, government and road were tried first, Pu Songling became famous.
He was full of ambition and resolutely embarked on the road of further seeking fame. The next step was to test people. According to historical records, after three attempts, Pu Songling took the juren exam four times in a row, all of which ended in failure.
Pu Songling wrote such a good article, why did he fail the list four times? Looking back now, Shi's admission to Pu Songling was simply misleading and misjudged, because Pu Songling did not write according to the strict requirements of stereotyped writing, and Shi accepted him as the first because of his love for talent. Pu Songling therefore thinks that writing like this can gain a higher reputation.
But Pu Songling didn't think what other examiners were like. These examiners took stereotyped writing, decadent, vulgar and bound stereotyped writing as a stepping stone and achieved fame. He can only write such articles by himself, and he also likes such articles.
How can he appreciate an article written by Pu Songling? So Pu Songling deviated from the runway from the beginning of the test. How long has Pu Songling been a scholar? More than half a century.
Scholar is the least famous in the imperial examination. But the scholar is the hardest, and he has to take an exam every year.
According to the imperial system, a province has a term of three years. As soon as we arrive, we will organize the Jinshi exam, which is called the annual exam. The annual examination results are divided into several grades, and the first one can become a student.
What is the concept of life? Lin Sheng is still a scholar, but the court gives you a certain amount of money every month to subsidize your life. So, is it necessary to be a student after winning the first place? Not exactly.
Because there are places for students, you can't make up for it until the first grade is over. Therefore, after Pu Songling was admitted as a scholar, he took the test many times, and waited for almost twenty years before he became a student, and the court gave him that little subsidy.
In the second year, after the scholar has passed the exam, he must engage in scientific research. Scientific research is to prepare for the juren exam.
Scientific research divides scholars' achievements into six grades. You can take the exam in the second grade before the exam, and you will be reduced to Tsing Yi after the second grade. Pu Songling takes a rural exam every three years. How many times did he take it? About ten times, some experts say a dozen times.
In this way, Pu Songling has 30 years to take the exam every year. At the age of 48, he took the exam again.
He felt that his article was written very well and quickly, and he wrote it down when he got the exam question "shua shua". But when it's finished, looking back, it's broken and getting worse.
"Monthly articles" is an imperial term, which violates the writing rules. The imperial examination has very strict requirements on the form of words. A page can only write 12 lines, and a line can only write 25 words, and the first page must be written on the second page, and the second page must be written on the third page.
Pu Songling writes quickly. After writing the first page, he quickly turned to the second page and wrote to the third page. This is a painting. If you surpass it, you will not only be disqualified, but also have to post it. We look at it now, it's ridiculous, the article is well written, and one page is disqualified! How did Pu Songling feel this time? He said in his own words: "I am proud of my illness, but I made a big mistake when I turned my head." What about this situation? I felt a thousand cold sweats, and a wisp of soul flew out of my house "-I was shocked.
After Pu Songling fought for the imperial examination until he was 50 years old, his wife advised him: Forget it, don't take the exam. If you are destined to have fame and even become a prime minister, why do you have to take the exam? Wouldn't it be great if we lived in the village? Why do you have to listen to the voice of urging ordinary people to pay taxes like the county magistrate? Pu Songling thinks what his wife said is very reasonable. However, some experts confirmed that even after his wife advised him, he took the exam and still failed.
Pu Songling 19 years old Jinshi, 72 years old Gongsheng. What is Gong Sheng's concept? Gong Sheng is equivalent to a vice-list.
There are several kinds of tribute students, and Pu Songling is an "old tribute student".
5. What about Li Zhi's classical childlike innocence? Li Zhi's Longdong Mountain narrates The West Chamber [1]. Finally, as the saying goes, "The knower should not say that I still have childlike innocence."
Childlike people are sincere. If childlike innocence is indispensable, so is sincerity.
A child's heart is absolutely false and naive, and it is also the beginning of the first reading. If you lose your childlike innocence, you lose your sincerity; If you lose your heart, you lose your real person.
People are not true and have no beginning. Boys, the beginning of life; Childlike heart is at the beginning.
Can I lose my husband's initial heart? However, childlike innocence is still alive. When Gaifang heard about it, he focused on it and lost his childlike innocence.
It's long and smells reasonable, but if you concentrate, you lose your childlike innocence. For a long time, the truth is that when you hear that there are many benefits, what you know and feel will be more extensive. How can you know whether a good name is good or not? You still want to promote it and lose your childlike innocence.
Knowing a beautiful name is ugly, but hiding it is naive. I heard the truth from reading more and knowing the truth.
Ancient sages never read books. However, if you don't study, your childlike innocence will be solid. Reading more books is also to protect this childlike innocence, so that it will not lose its ears, unless the reader reads more books to understand justice and overcome obstacles.
Since both husband and scholar have blocked their childlike innocence by reading more books to understand righteousness, why should saints use reading more books to stand out for disabled scholars? Childlike heart is a barrier, so it is a speech, and it is insincere; See [2] for politics, then politics has no roots; Write for words, words don't convey meaning. If it is not included in Zhang Mei, it is dishonest and shiny. If you want a virtue, what if you can't get it? Childishness is a barrier, but smelling the truth from the outside is also a kind of heart.
Since the husband takes the smell of truth as his heart, all the speakers smell the words of truth, not the words from childlike innocence. Difficult as it is, what does it have to do with me? This is not a fake statement with a dummy, but a fake thing and a fake article! If you cover up this person, you are not fake. If you talk to a dummy with false words, the dummy will be very happy; With false things and false humanity, dummies are happy; If you talk to a dummy with a fake article, the dummy will be very happy.
Everything is true, then everything is unhappy. Full court is false, shorty has no argument [3].
However, although there are perfect works in the world, few of them are annihilated by dummies and will not be seen by future generations! What is this? Nothing in the world is not out of childlike innocence. If the child's heart is always there, the truth will not work, the smell will not stand, there will be no shortage of words, no one will be ignorant, and no one will create physical words instead of words.
Why did poetry need the ancient Selected Works [4], why did literature need to be reduced to the Six Dynasties in the pre-Qin period, changed to modern poetry [5], changed to legend [6], changed to courtyard-based [7], changed to zaju, changed to West Chamber songs and changed to Water Margin, which made great contributions to today's work [8]. Fu's Six Classics, Yu and Meng were praised not by historians, but by courtiers. Otherwise, you are a pedantic and ignorant disciple. The memory teacher said that a beginning without an end will be left behind. As he can see, the pen is in the book. If you don't observe what you learn later, it means that it comes from the mouth of a saint and determines that the purpose is classic. Who knows that most of them are not the words of saints? Even if it comes from the mouth of a saint, it should be sent purposefully, but if it is sent because of illness, it can be prescribed at any time to save such ignorant and pedantic disciples.
Fake medical treatment is difficult to treat, how can it be considered as the best in the world? However, if the Six Classics, Yu and Meng are Taoists [1 1], the origin of the dummy is beyond the words of childlike innocence. Oh! I have a word to say to the real saint, he has never lost his childlike innocence! Remarks: [1] Longdong Shannong: Either Li Zhi's nickname or Yanjun's name is Shan Nong.
The Romance of the West Chamber refers to The Romance of the West Chamber written by Wang Shifu in Yuan Dynasty. [2] See: Children's Now.
[3] What is the dwarf's argument? Here, performance is a metaphor. If the dwarf can't see at all, he can't tell the difference. [4] Selected Works: refers to the Selected Works compiled by Xiao Tong, also known as Zhaoming Selected Works.
[5] Modern poetry: refers to modern poetry, including metrical poems and quatrains. [6] Legend: refers to the legendary novels of the Tang people.
[7] Primitive: the drama script performed by Jin Daifang. [8] ju: refers to the imperial examination article, that is, the eight-part essay.
[9] Six Classics: refers to Confucian classic poems, books, rituals, sayings, changes, spring and autumn. [10] Yu and Meng refer to The Analects of Confucius, Mencius and Four Books.
[1 1] Taoism: Taoism. At the end of the preface written by Shan Nong for The West Chamber in Longdong, he said, "People of insight are satisfied if they don't think that I still have childlike innocence."
Childishness is essentially sincerity. If you think there should be no childlike innocence, you think there should be no sincerity. The so-called childlike innocence is actually an unpretentious and absolutely sincere initial heart when people are not disturbed by the outside world at first.
If you lose your childlike innocence, you lose your sincerity; Without sincerity, you lose the qualification to be a real person. Once a person is insincere, he will lose his integrity forever.
Children, the beginning of life; Childlike heart is the source of soul. How can the source of the soul be lost! So, why is childlike innocence in such a hurry? In the enlightenment period, people will gain a lot of perceptual knowledge by listening and watching, and will learn more rational knowledge when they grow up. Once these acquired perceptual hearing and rational truths enter the master's mind, childlike innocence will be lost.
Over time, the truth and smell you do are increasing day by day, and the range you can perceive and perceive is also increasing day by day, so that you can understand that a good name is good and do everything possible to carry it forward; Knowing that the notoriety is ugly, but trying to cover it up, so that childlike innocence no longer exists. People's hearing, vision and understanding are all obtained by reading more books and understanding more.
However, the ancient sages are not people who read and understand! The point is, when saints don't study, childlike innocence is still there. Even if they read more, they can protect their childlike innocence and not lose it. People who never like that kind of scholars will indulge their childlike innocence by reading more than others.
Since a scholar can cover up his childlike innocence by reading more books and learning more about it, why should a saint be so keen on writing books that he is fascinated? Once a child's heart is reconciled, it is also insincere to speak; There is no sincere starting point for participating in politics; If you write an article, fluency is incomprehensible. In fact, if a person's beauty is not beyond words, if he really has talent and knowledge, he won't even hear a moral truth from his mouth.