Thoughts in the dead of night
Li Bai [Tang Dynasty]
The foot of my bed is shining so brightly. Is there frost already?
I looked up at the moon and looked down, feeling nostalgic.
translate
The bright moonlight sprinkled on enough paper, as if the ground was frosted.
That day I looked up at the bright moon in the sky outside the window, and I couldn't help lowering my head and thinking of my hometown far away.
To annotate ...
Thinking about the exam in a quiet night: an idea that comes into being in a quiet night.
Bed: There are five sayings today.
One refers to the well platform. Some scholars have written an article to verify. Shi Cheng, director of China Educators Association, published the research results in a paper and created a poetic map with friends.
Finger well site. According to archaeological findings, the earliest well in China was a wooden well. The ancient well site was several meters high, and the wellhead was enclosed in the shape of a box to prevent people from falling into the well. The box is shaped like four walls and an old bed. Therefore, the ancient mine field is also called the silver bed, which means that there is a relationship between the well and the bed, and the relationship occurs because they are similar in shape and function. In the ancient Jingtian system, there was a special word to refer to it, and that was the word "Korea". Shuowen interprets "Han" as "Yuan Jing Ye", which means shaft lining.
Three "beds" are the general term for "windows". The "bed" in this poem is the focus of debate and disagreement. We can do some basic reasoning. The writing background of this poem is a moonlit night, probably around the full moon. The author saw the moonlight, then the bright moon, which caused homesickness.
Since the author looked up and saw the bright moon, it was impossible for the author to be indoors. If he looks up casually indoors, he can't see the moon. Therefore, we conclude that' bed' is an outdoor thing, and it is difficult to verify what it is. In a sense, the' bed' may be a festival with a' window', and it is possible to see the moon in front of the window. However, referring to the Song version of' Looking Up at the Sky and Bright Moon', we can confirm that the author is talking about the outdoor moon. In terms of time and loyalty to the author's original intention, the Song version is more reliable than the Ming version.
Take the original meaning, that is, the appliance of sitting and lying. The Book of Songs, Four Cadres of Xiaoya, contains a "bed of sleep", and Yi Wang Pi Du Zhu also contains the theory of "those who live in peace", which is about paving the way.
Some people think that bed should be interpreted as Hu's bed. Hu bed, also known as "bed", "chair" and "rope bed". In ancient times, it was a portable seat that could be folded. Mazar-e functions like a small bench, but the surface on which people sit is not a board, but something like folding cloth, and the legs on both sides can be folded. Modern people are often mistaken for "Hu bed" or "bed" in ancient literature or poetry. At the latest in the Tang Dynasty, "bed" was still "Hu bed" (that is, mazha, a kind of seat).
Suspicion: It seems so.
Look up: Look up.
2. Small class simple ancient poems and translation notes
Yonghuai village
Song Dynasty/Shao Yong
At first glance, it is two or three miles away, and mist hangs over four or five families.
The pavilions are six or seven, and the flowers bloom in eighty or ninety.
translate
Unconsciously, two or three miles away from home, a faint fog shrouded four or five families.
There are six or seven pavilions on the roadside with eighty or ninety flowers.
To annotate ...
Go: refers to the distance.
Smoke village: a village shrouded in smoke.
Pavilion: refers to a building for people to enjoy and rest.
Brief analysis
Through the expression of brocade, this poem arranges the scenes of smoky villages, people's homes, pavilions and flowers together to form an idyllic landscape, creating an elegant artistic conception and expressing the poet's love and praise for nature.
The two sentences of "a row of two or three miles, four or five houses in a smoky village" are linear visual impressions, "a row" is a horizontal movement, "two or three" refers to a large number of empty fingers, the kitchen smoke is vertical, and the two sentences of "six or seven pavilions, eighty or ninety flowers" are transformed into point-like visual impressions: pavilions are full of flowers.
The poet arranged a quantifier in each sentence of this poem, that is, "Li", "Jia", "Zuo" and "Zhi", which are novel and changeable. Each sentence also arranged two or three numbers: the word "one" began, "23", "45" and "67" were embedded in the sentence, and "890" returned to the beginning of the sentence.
3. Small class simple ancient poems and translation notes
Spring Morning
Dynasty: Tang Dynasty | Author: Meng Haoran
Sleeping sickness in spring unconsciously broke the morning, and the chirping of birds disturbed my sleep.
How many flowers fall after a stormy night.
Introduction to ancient poetry
"Spring Dawn" was written by Meng Haoran, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, when he lived in seclusion in Lumen Mountain. The poet seized the moment when he just woke up in the spring morning and began to associate, depicting a beautiful picture of the spring morning and expressing the poet's good mood of loving and cherishing spring. The first sentence breaks the topic and writes the sweetness of spring sleep; It also shows love for the bright morning sun; The second sentence is a scene, which describes the pleasant sound of spring and explains the reason for waking up; Three sentences turned to write memories, and the last sentence came back to my eyes, from happy spring to cherish spring. The language of the whole poem is simple and natural, the words are shallow and rich, the scenery is true and true, and it has won the true interest of nature.
Translation/translation
I don't know when I slept soundly in the spring night, but I heard birds singing everywhere when I woke up.
Remember last night when the wind was tight and the rain was heavy, I don't know how many flowers I knocked down?
To annotate ...
(1) Dawn: In the morning, at dawn, the first light of the day.
(2) smell: listen. Birds chirping: Birds chirping, birds chirping.
(3) Night: Last night.
(4) How much do you know? I wonder how much it costs. Know: I don't know, which means to speculate.
4. Small class simple ancient poems and translation notes
willow
Dynasty: Tang Dynasty | Author: He
Jasper dressed as a tree, hanging down ten thousand green silk tapestries.
I don't know who cut the thin leaves, but the spring breeze in February is like scissors.
Introduction to ancient poetry
Chanting willow is a seven-character quatrain written by He, a poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. This poem is a poem about objects, which mainly describes the poet's experience and association in early spring and February.
This poem sings the spring breeze through the willow tree, compares the spring breeze to scissors, praises her as the creator of beauty, cuts out the spring, and reveals the poet's love and praise for nature.
Translation/translation
High willows dressed like jasper, long wickers are tender and light, like thousands of green ribbons hanging down and dancing in the spring breeze.
Who carefully pruned these slender and soft willow leaves?
It is the wind in early spring and February, which is warm, just like magic and dexterous scissors, cutting out a small willow leaf and decorating a splendid land.
To annotate ...
1. Chant: praise, praise. Willow: willow, deciduous tree or shrub, with long and narrow leaves and many kinds. This poem describes weeping willows.
2. Jasper: Green jade. Here, it is used to describe that the willow leaves in spring are light green, such as bright green.
3. Make-up: Decorate. A tree: full of trees. One, full, full. In China's classical poems and articles, the use of quantifiers does not necessarily mean exact numbers. The "ten thousand" in the next sentence is of great significance.
Tā o: a rope woven with silk. Silk tapestry: Describe a wicker like a ribbon.
5. cutting: cutting, dividing the object into several parts with a knife or scissors.
6. February: February is the early spring season. Like: like, like.
5. Simple ancient poems and translation notes in small classes
Cunju
Gao ding [Qing dynasty]
In February, the grass grows and the warblers fly, and the willows are drunk with spring smoke.
The children came back from school early, so they were busy flying kites in the east wind.
translate
In February of the lunar calendar, the grass gradually germinates and grows, the orioles fly around, and the willows gently brushing the shore are intoxicated by the spring fog.
The children in the village came home from school early, and quickly flew kites in the blue sky in the east wind.
To annotate ...
Country house: what you see and hear when you live in the country.
Willow: Willow branches are very long, hanging down and swinging slightly, as if touching the bank.
Drunk: intoxicated, intoxicated.
Spring smog: Fog evaporated from Shui Ze, vegetation, etc. In spring.
Drop out: After school.
Kite: refers to kites in general. This is a kite made of paper, shaped like an eagle. Kite: Eagle.
6. Small class simple ancient poems and translation notes
Mo mei
Wang Mian [Yuan Dynasty]
The first tree in my family, Xiyan Lake, is full of flowers and light ink marks. (My work: My home; One by one: each)
Don't boast about the good color, just let the air be full of dried Kun. (Good color: good color)
translate
There is a plum tree in Xiyan Lake near my home. Plum blossoms in full bloom seem to be stained with a touch of ink.
It doesn't need others to praise how beautiful the color is, just need to diffuse the fragrance between heaven and earth.
To annotate ...
Mo Mei: Plum blossoms outlined by ink pen.
My home: my home. Because Wang Xizhi and Wang Mian share the same surname, Wang Mian thinks that Wang Xing is a family.
Xiyan Lake: a pool for washing pens and inkstones after writing and drawing. It is said that Zhong You practiced calligraphy when he was young in the Three Kingdoms period, and often used the pool next to his home to wash his brush, so that the whole pool was dark in the end. When Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty said that "the middle school books in the pool are as dark as the water in the pool", it was an allusion to boast that he loved the art and culture of calligraphy and painting.
Pool head: by the pool. Head: On the side.
Light ink: In ink painting, there are four kinds of ink colors, such as clear ink, light ink, thick ink and Jiao Mo. What is said here is that the plum blossoms are dotted with faint ink.
Mark: A mark.
Qingqi: Plum blossoms smell fragrant.
Man Gankun: All over the world. M: Diffuse.
Gan Kun: Between heaven and earth.
7. Simple ancient poems and translation notes in small classes
Quatrain
Du Fu [Tang Dynasty]
"Two orioles sing green willows, and egrets cover the sky."
My window framed the snow-covered western hills. My door often says "goodbye" to ships sailing eastward.
translate
Two orioles sang among the green willows, and a line of egrets went straight into the blue sky.
Sitting by the window, you can see the Millennium snow in Xiling, and ships from Dongwu, thousands of miles away, are parked in front of the door.
To annotate ...
Xiling: Xiling Snow Mountain.
Autumn snow: refers to the snow that does not melt for thousands of years in Xiling Snow Mountain.
Park: Park.
Soochow: The territory of ancient Wu, in Jiangsu Province.
Wan Li Ship: A ship not far from Wan Li.
Brief introduction of du fu
Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, is called "Du Gongbu" and "Du Shaoling" in the world. Born in Fugong County, Henan Province (now gongyi city, Henan Province), he was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu is regarded as a "poet saint" by the world, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Du Fu and Li Bai are called "Du Li" together. In order to distinguish them from the other two poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu, that is, "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Big Du Li". He is concerned about the country and the people and has a noble personality. About 65,438+0,400 of his poems have been preserved, and his poetic skills are exquisite, and he is highly respected in Chinese classical poetry and has far-reaching influence. He lived in Chengdu from 759 to 766 and was commemorated by Du Fu's Caotang.
8. Simple ancient poems and translation notes in small classes
House of Bamboo
Wang Wei [Tang Dynasty]
I leaned alone in the dense bamboo, playing the piano and humming a song.
It's too light for anyone to hear, except my partner, Mingyue.
translate
Sitting alone in a quiet bamboo forest, singing loudly while playing the piano.
No one knows in the mountains and forests, only a bright moon is quietly accompanying me.
To annotate ...
Zhuliguan: A scenic spot in Wangchuan Villa. There are bamboo forests around the house, hence the name.
Juan: A deep bamboo forest.
Xiaoà o: Wearing a green hat will make a long and crisp sound, similar to whistling.
Deep forest: refers to "secluded forest".
Taking pictures: corresponding to "sitting alone", it means that there is no one around, only the bright moon seems to understand and wants to take pictures.
Long whistle: shout with a pinch of mouth, which means chanting and singing In ancient times, some detached people used it to express their feelings. Celebrities in Wei and Jin Dynasties called whistling.
9. Simple ancient poems and translation notes in small classes
Wangtianmen mountain
Li Bai [Tang Dynasty]
The Yangtze River splits the Tianmen Peak like a giant axe, and the green river flows around the island.
The green hills on both sides are neck and neck, and a boat meets leisurely from the horizon.
translate
Like a giant axe, the Yangtze River splits the male peak of Tianmen, where the Qingjiang River flows eastward and then northward.
The green hills on both sides of the strait are opposite, and beauty cannot be separated. A ship is coming from where the sun rises.
To annotate ...
Tianmen Mountain: Located on both sides of the Yangtze River in Anhui County and Wuhu City. It is called Xiliangshan in the north of the Yangtze River and Liangdongshan in the south of the Yangtze River (called Wangboshan in ancient times). The confrontation between the two mountains across the river is like a gateway set by heaven, hence the name Tianmen.
Interrupt: The river cuts off two mountains in the middle.
Chu River: Yangtze River. Because the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in ancient times belonged to Chu State, it was called Chu River. Open: split, disconnect.
At this point: the river flowing to the east turns to the north here. One is "due north" Return: gyrate, rotate. Due to the steep terrain, this section of the river changed direction and became more turbulent.
Green hills on both sides: Dongling Mountain and Xiliangshan Mountain respectively. Highlight, appear.
From the sun: refers to a lonely boat coming from the distance at the intersection of Tianshui, which seems to come from the sun from a distance.
10. Small class simple ancient poems and translation notes
Zaofa baidicheng
Dynasty: Tang Dynasty | Author: Li Bai
Early in the morning, I bid farewell to Jiangling city, which is high into the sky, thousands of miles away, and the boat is only one day away.
The cries of apes on both sides of the strait are still unconsciously crowing in their ears, and the canoe has passed the heavy green hills.
Introduction to ancient poetry
First Coming to Baidicheng is a seven-character quatrain written by Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, when he was pardoned during his exile. This is one of Li Bai's most famous poems. The poet combined the happy mood after forgiveness with the grandeur of the countryside and the smooth and brisk sailing along the river. The whole poem is full of exaggeration and whimsy. Elegant and shocking, but not artificial, arbitrary and natural.
Translation/translation
In the morning, I bid farewell to the towering Baidicheng; Jiangling is thousands of miles away, just a day's voyage.
Apes on both sides of the strait are still crying in their ears; Unconsciously, the canoe has passed ten thousand mountains.
To annotate ...
F: Here we go. Baidicheng: Located in Bai Di Mountain, fengjie county, Chongqing.
Chao: Good morning. Remarks: Goodbye. Caiyun: Because Betty is on Bai Di Mountain, the terrain is very high. Looking from the river at the foot of the mountain, it seems to fall into the clouds.
Bai Di: Today's fengjie county, Sichuan Province.
Jiangling: Jingzhou City, Hubei Province today.
One-day round trip: it can be reached in one day; Also: return; Return.
Ape: Ape. Crow: Singing and barking. Live broadcast: stop.
Chung Shan Man: The mountain has many layers.