★ Literal translation must be done. Generally, free translation is not allowed. Every word must be implemented and faithful to the original text.
First of all, every word in the sentence should be interpreted as modern Chinese. ("letter")
② The most common method of translating single words is to replace monosyllabic words commonly used in ancient Chinese with disyllabic words commonly used in modern Chinese. Don't translate special nouns such as names and places, and don't be smart.
(3) Then connect these words into sentences, which should conform to modern people's speaking habits. ("Da")
(4) When linking words, pay attention to changing them as much as possible, make up if necessary, implement them if necessary, and adjust the order. Make sentences complete and fluent.
⑤ Individual words are really meaningless. Try to see if they are casual or flexible.
16. How to read a poem?
Recall the author's dynasty and style. Analyze the people and things in the poem. Explain the poem word for word and understand its main idea. The last two sentences of a poem are generally used to discuss and express emotions, which is the theme and artistic conception of the poem. Poetry title, description, discussion and lyricism are all consistent.
Appreciation of ancient poetry expresses the techniques (expression, rhetoric, expression) used in this poem, writes the characteristics of (image), shows (highlights) (certain) thoughts and feelings, and plays a (certain) role.
The ways of expression are narration, description, lyricism and discussion. (description)
Language features are implicit, humorous, witty, straightforward, plain, elegant, vulgar, natural, fresh, beautiful and simple.
Rhetorical devices include metaphor, analogy, exaggeration, duality, parallelism and repetition.
The expression techniques include symbol, contrast, imagination, association, care, lyric by scenery, lyric by scenery, expressing ambition by things and so on.
Images include specific people, events and scenes in the works.
Emotional infatuation, sadness, melancholy, loneliness, sadness, loneliness, boredom, calmness, leisure, joy, admiration, anger, adherence to moral integrity, and concern for the country and the people.
The function is to deepen the artistic conception and theme. The artistic conception is profound, beautiful, meaningful, intriguing and far-reaching.
Pay special attention to valid information, such as comments, subject and author.
(1) Seriously study the topics of ancient poetry, some of which actually summarize the main contents of poetry. Or provide an emotional tone for you to understand this poem.
(2) Appreciation of poetry should pay attention to the clever use of words, rhetorical devices and their functions (especially eight commonly used rhetoric).
(3) Read the whole poem carefully, pay attention to the image in the poem (that is, the object of description), mobilize the common sense reserve, and try to figure out the symbolic meaning of the image.
(4) the evaluation should be appropriate, and it is strictly forbidden to be inflated. Consider the emotional tone of poetry around human nature.
⑤ Keep some commonly used terms in poetry appreciation, dare to use them boldly, and pretend to understand if you don't understand them.
★ If there are famous sentences, we should pay attention to the role and weight of famous sentences in the whole poem; Pay attention to the influence of the times on writers (such as patriotic thoughts in the Southern Song Dynasty, resistance to the Qing Dynasty, early Qing Dynasty, etc.). ); Pay attention to writers whose styles changed greatly in the early and late periods (such as Li Yu, queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty, and Li Qingzhao, a poetess of the Song Dynasty).