The peaks are like gathering, the waves are like anger, and the mountains and rivers are like Tongguan Road. Looking at the western capital, I hesitated.
Sad Qin and Han dynasties, ten thousand palaces have been made of earth. Xing, the people suffer; Death, people suffer!
translate
The peaks (of Huashan) gather from all directions, and the waves (of the Yellow River) are furious. There is the Yellow River outside Tongguan and Huashan Mountain inside. The mountains and rivers are magnificent and the terrain is dangerous. Looking into the ancient capital Chang 'an, I was lost in thought.
Passing through the ruins of the palaces of Qin and Han Dynasties has caused infinite sadness, and thousands of palaces have already turned into dust. Once prosperous, the people suffered; Once destroyed, people are still suffering.
Enjoy 1
Nostalgic themes are mostly calm and old-fashioned, or alluding to the political situation at that time, or criticizing the current disadvantages, and Zhang's Mountain Slope Sheep is no exception.
The first two sentences are magnificent, which not only explains the geographical location of Tongguan, but also sets a magnificent tone for the whole article. "Gathering" and "Anger" vividly depict the majestic momentum of the peaks in the Qinling Mountains and the Yellow River, laying an emotional foundation for the following homesickness. The third sentence is changed from the allusion of "mountains and rivers inside and outside" to nostalgia. From the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the Qin and Han Dynasties, Tongguan has always been the gateway of Chang 'an and a battleground for military strategists. However, even the future imperial industry will eventually disappear. "Deliberate" and "sad" express the author's nostalgia for the past, and the feelings of mountains and rivers in the previous paragraph have turned into historical vicissitudes. The ending sentence is the soul of this article. No matter how the dynasties change, it is always the people who suffer from war. The author reveals the historical truth incisively and reasonably, and sincerely expresses sympathy for people's livelihood. At this time, the feelings accumulated in the previous article about scenery and nostalgia reached a climax.
The writing of this article is in-depth, from the description of scenery to homesickness to discussion. The lines between the lines are full of historical vicissitudes and sense of the times, which not only highlights the characteristics of nostalgic poems, but also has a unique style.
Appreciate two pictures of being an honest official and loving the people like a son. In the second year of Tian Li (1329), due to the drought in Guanzhong, he was appointed as a relief worker in Shaanxi Province. After living in seclusion, he decided not to set foot in his official career, but when he heard that he had been recalled to help the hungry people in Shaanxi, he resolutely resigned regardless of his age. During his life in the Western Qin Dynasty, he witnessed the profound disasters of the people, was filled with emotion and indignation, squandered all his wealth, tried his best to provide disaster relief, and finally died of overwork. After his death, "Guanzhong people mourned for their parents" (Biography of Yuan Zhang). "Goat Tongguan Nostalgia" was written on the way to Guanzhong on the phone. Zhang Chuan of the Yuan Dynasty said: "In the past two years, there was a great drought in Guanzhong, and the hungry people ate each other. In particular, Zhang was invited to visit Shaanxi Taiwan. Get in the car and take the road. If you are hungry, you will be liberated, and the dead will be buried. " Zhang wrote this poem "herding sheep on a hillside" during the drought in Guanzhong.
Zhang has been a scholar since childhood. He once presented books to Pingzhang Buhumu and was promoted. Later, he served as Yin of Tangyi County, and supervised the army. Because of his comments on current politics, he offended those in power and was removed from office, so he had to remain anonymous to avoid disaster. After being called up, the official went to the Ministry of rites. At the age of 50, he resigned and retired to Trang Van. During the drought in Guanzhong, he was re-appointed and rushed to Shaanxi to save the people. Years of ups and downs in his official career made him lose all his fame and fortune, and he no longer cared about the ruler's judgment on himself; Trang Van's seclusion in Jinan not only made him appreciate and praise the natural scenery, but also made him observe the sufferings of people's livelihood. Respecting Mencius' people-oriented thought made him deeply realize the importance of people's livelihood; His outspoken character gave him the courage to face the reality and speak his true thoughts. The hardships of ordinary people's lives in Yuan Dynasty were expressed by writers in the form of nostalgia. This concern for the people made him "give all his help to the people in April, and every time he cried, he could not afford to get sick." This is the true nature and life of a conscientious scholar, and it was rare in the society at that time.
The rulers of the Yuan Dynasty practiced a policy of ethnic discrimination against scholars, and it was not until the second year of Yuan Renzong's extension (13 15) that the system of selecting scholars in the imperial examination was formally implemented. Moreover, this system is unfair, which largely caused the lower class scholars to lose confidence in the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty and lack a sense of social responsibility. Therefore, the works of other writers in the same period are deeply branded with the times: either they are sentimental about the ancient dynasty. Or lament the great changes in ancient and modern times, revealing the fear of the uncertainty of the world and life; Or feel that the years have passed and express personal feelings of sinking. Only Tongguan's nostalgia is permeated with heavy vicissitudes and a sense of the times.
Nostalgic originality, translation and appreciation in Tongguan, Poyang, Shanxi 2 original
Goat Tongguan Nostalgia-[Yuan] Zhang
The peaks are like gathering, the waves are like anger, and the mountains and rivers are like Tongguan Road. It is a pity to look at western capital. Sad Qin and Han dynasties, ten thousand palaces have been made of earth. Xing, the people suffer; Death makes people suffer.
To annotate ...
Alpine goat: inscription name (Qupai).
Gather: gather.
Inside and out: inside and out. Attention, outside. Inside, inside, inside.
Hesitation: Hesitation. This refers to the drastic change of mood.
Modern Translation of Ancient Poetry
The peaks of Huashan Mountain seem to gather from all directions. The raging waves of the Yellow River seem to be angry. There is the Yellow River outside Tongguan and Huashan Mountain inside. The mountains and rivers are magnificent and the terrain is dangerous. I looked at the ancient capital Chang 'an and thought a lot. Sadly, after the old palaces in Qin and Han Dynasties, countless palaces have already turned to dust. Generation after generation, no matter which dynasty, the dynasty prospered and the people suffered; The dynasty is dead, and the people are still suffering.
Make an appreciative comment
In the second year (AD 1329), due to the drought in Guanzhong, Zhang was sent to Taichung, Shaanxi for disaster relief. Passing through Tongguan, I saw the scene of "the peaks are like a gathering, and the waves are like anger", so I followed this song. Zhang Chuan of the Yuan Dynasty said: "In the past two years, there was a great drought in Guanzhong, and the hungry people ate each other. In particular, Zhang was invited to visit Shaanxi Taiwan. Heaven, help the hungry and bury the dead. " Zhang wrote this poem "herding sheep on a hillside" during the drought in Guanzhong.
Tongguan is surrounded by mountains. In the author's pen, the word "ju" presents readers with the trend of Huashan Pentium, and the mountains stand tall; Look at the Yellow River outside Tongguan, the river is roaring, and the word "anger" makes readers seem to hear endless running water. Tongguan is one of them, "Tongguan Road in the mountains and rivers." At this time, Tongguan is surrounded by mountains and waters, adjacent to the roaring Yellow River. The mountains and rivers are magnificent and the terrain is dangerous, which shows that the road is dangerous. Such a dangerous place is a battleground for military strategists in past dynasties, which also triggered the following feelings.
Thinking of ancient times, the poet can't help looking west. Three hundred miles west of Tongguan is Xijing Chang 'an. From Qin and Han Dynasties to Sui and Tang Dynasties, several dynasties established their capitals in that area. In the sunset, the poet saw nothing, but in his mind, he saw the majestic ancient capital and clusters of magnificent palaces. Now, all traces have disappeared, leaving only loess. Looking west at Chang' an, the poet was filled with emotion, so he looked up at the sky and sighed: "Xing, the people are suffering; Death, the people suffer! " It hit the nail on the head and revealed the bloodiness of the feudal monarchy destroying the people for thousands of years, telling people that no matter the rise and fall of dynasties in history, it was the people who suffered, thus pointing out the fundamental opposition between the feudal regime and the broad masses of the people. This is a powerful criticism and objective evaluation of thousands of years of feudal history.
The original text, translation and appreciation of Shanpo sheep's nostalgia for Tongguan 3 Shanpo sheep's nostalgia for Tongguan Yuan Dynasty Zhang
The peaks are like gathering, the waves are like anger, and the mountains and rivers are like Tongguan Road. Looking at the western capital, I hesitated. (Stop working: hesitate)
Sad Qin and Han dynasties, ten thousand palaces have been made of earth. Xing, the people suffer; Death makes people suffer.
Translation of Goat Tongguan Nostalgia
Huashan peaks gather from all directions, and the Yellow River is raging. The Tongguan Ancient Road connects Huashan Mountain in the interior and the Yellow River outside. Looking at the ancient capital Chang 'an, I wander and my thoughts fluctuate.
Sadly, all the palaces in Qin Gong's Han Que have already turned to dust. Once prosperous, the people suffered; Once destroyed, people are still suffering.
Notes on goat Tongguan nostalgia
Shanpo Sheep: The name of Qupai is the format of this Sanqu; "Tongguan Nostalgia" is the title.
Gathering of mountains and peaks: describe gathering of mountains and peaks. Gather: gather; besiege
Waves like anger: describe the Yellow River as choppy. Anger: refers to rough waves.
"Mountains and Rivers" sentence: There are mountains outside and rivers inside, which describes the dangerous terrain in Tongguan area. Specifically, there is the Yellow River outside Tongguan and Huashan Mountain inside.
Inside and out: inside and out. "Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong twenty-eight years": "The mountains and rivers outside will be harmless." Note: "Shanxi is a river outside and a mountain inside." (of clouds) dense
Guan: The name of Guguan is in Tongguan County, Shaanxi Province. Guancheng is located halfway up Huashan Mountain, next to the Yellow River, and the three provinces of Qin, Jin and Henan are very dangerous. In ancient times, it was the gateway to Shaanxi, and it was a military stronghold in previous dynasties.
West Capital: refers to Chang 'an (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi). This refers to the capital city built near Chang 'an since Qin and Han Dynasties. The Qin and Western Han Dynasties set Chang 'an as their capital, and the Eastern Han Dynasty set Luoyang as its capital, so Luoyang was called the eastern capital and Chang 'an was the western capital.
Hesitation: Hesitation, vacillation and concentration. The ups and downs of the ideological trend described here are deeply lost in thought, indicating that the heart is not calm. One is "chíchú".
Sadness: a sad thing, with adjectives as verbs. Qin and Han Dynasties: Xianyang, Qin Dou (22 1 ~ 206 BC), and Chang 'an, the capital of the Western Han Dynasty (208~8 BC), all located in the west of Tongguan, Shaanxi. Where you passed. Refers to the ruins of the ancient capital of Qin and Han dynasties.
Palace que: palace, palace; Que, the scenery of buildings on both sides of the palace gate.
Xing: refers to the stable rule of political power. Rise and fall: refers to the rise and fall of dynasties.
Appreciation of goat Tongguan nostalgia
This song is a masterpiece of ancient music in Zhang's later years, and it is also a perfect combination of ideological and artistic quality of Yuan Sanqu. In Trang Van Yuefu, his collection of ancient Sanqu, there are seven topics and nine ancient homesickness written by Wanshanpo sheep, among which Tongguan homesickness has the least melancholy charm and the lightest color. This song recalls the past, from the decline of ancient dynasties to the sufferings of ancient people, points out the opposition between feudal rule and people, and shows the author's ancient thinking about history and sympathy for the people.
The whole song is divided into three layers: the first layer (the first three sentences) is about the majestic and steep ancient situation of Tongguan. Zhang, passing through Tongguan, saw the ancient scenery with mountainous peaks and choppy waves. This floor describes the scenery of Tongguan strongly and vividly. The first sentence, the ancient peaks overlap, Tongguan mountains surround, and the word "ten thousand people gather" makes readers see the trend of Huashan Pentium and the mountains stand tall; Because of the dangerous terrain, it has been a battleground for military strategists since ancient times. Yamamoto is quiet and ancient, and everything is like a gathering. The word "quiet but less moving, gathering together" shows the ancient diversity and mobility of peaks and mountains. In the second sentence, the words "the surging ancient Yellow River, the rushing Yellow River water outside Tongguan, 10,000 anger" make readers' ears resound with endless ancient water. The Yellow River water is lifeless, but it is full of anger, which endows the river with ancient feelings and will, and writes the word "full of anger", which makes the ancient waves turbulent. The word "ten thousand anger" also personified the river, and the word "ten thousand anger" injected the poet's grief and indignation. Less moved by this scene, the third sentence says Tongguan is located in a cold place surrounded by mountains and the Yellow River. The feeling of "Shanhe Wan inside and outside Tongguan Road" arises spontaneously. At this point, Tongguan has a glimpse of its majestic momentum. Such a dangerous place implies that Tongguan has been steep since ancient times, and it is a battleground for military strategists with few soldiers in previous dynasties, which also leads to the following eternal regrets.
The second floor (4 17 sentence). The sentence "looking west" describes the author's infinite feelings about looking west to Chang 'an. Chang 'an, a famous ancient imperial capital of Han and Tang Dynasties, was a place where emperors made great efforts to make great achievements. There have also been foolish emperors in ancient times who abused their power and harmed the people, becoming less ancient sinners in history. Chang 'an, in this specific ancient historical stage, has performed a series of magnificent and ancient dramas. There are also Ge Shao's poets and writers who wrote Ge Shao's ancient poems about Chang 'an. Especially the broad masses of the people, shed a little blood and sweat in Chang' an! This is the ancient reason and content of the author's endless hesitation!
The sentence "I am sad for Qin and Han Dynasties" describes the Qin and Han Dynasties, and both dynasties have become less historical relics. Qin Huang Hanwu once painstakingly built countless ancient palaces, pavilions, thousands of waterside pavilions and courtyards, but now they have all disappeared and there is almost no dust. The ancient Qin and Han dynasties, which once flourished, have all perished in the ancient roar of the people, just like all palaces have become dirt. Between the lines, the author hardly expresses his feelings.
On the third level (the last four sentences), the author deeply regrets that no matter which dynasty in history, prosperity or extinction, people always suffer. The rise of a dynasty is bound to build luxurious ancient palaces and bring great ancient disasters to the people; A dynasty perished and it was the people who suffered in the war. He pointed out that the death of the ancient dynasty brought disaster and suffering to the ancient capital of the people. This is an ancient conclusion that the author summed up from the death history of the ancient Tongdi. The three meanings are interlocking, the layers are deep, the thoughts are more and more open, and the feelings are more and more intense, forming a seamless whole. Throughout the song, there are scenes in Tibetan feelings and scenes blend.
Wantong, the people suffer "two sentences, pointing out that the ancient capital of a dynasty is the people." The theme of historical sites extracted by the author from the generalization of historical sites is extremely vivid and profound, and the question of historical sites is very important and sharp. Expressed the author's deep sympathy for the people and great indignation against the feudal rulers. This ending is indeed a profound summary of the whole song, with a sharp tone and full of warning.
The summary of historical antiquity in Tongguan Nostalgia obviously refers to the real life in Yuan Dynasty: Nostalgia is actually hurting the present, and heaviness is actually a responsibility. This complex ancient feeling can only be understood by combining the writer's ancient experience. Zhang's special ancient career experience determines that his Sanqu contains an ancient nostalgic thought. In "Li Mountain Nostalgia", it is written that all victories and defeats are made of clay; If you lose, you are finished. "Luoyang Galand" wrote ten thousand palaces, which is not long; Name, not long. "In" Nostalgia on the North Mangshan Mountain ",Wan is a gentleman and should not be called it; Even if I am a minister, I should not be called. " In these songs, Zhang regards the number of winners and losers, the division of fame and fortune, and the occasion of life and death as an ancient time with no difference, but only tells the story of wealth and impermanence and life like a dream through ancient events. Only Tongguan Nostalgia reveals an irrefutable ancient truth in feudal society with rare ancient weight and profound ancient vision, and the people are miserable; Death makes people suffer. "
In terms of writing, the author adopts the way of going deep into the ancient times layer by layer, writing scenes and remembering the ancient times, and then causing discussion, which perfectly combines the vast ancient scenery, profound ancient feelings and meticulous ancient comments, making this poem have a strong ancient interest. There are historical vicissitudes and a sense of the times between the lines, which have both the ancient characteristics of nostalgic poems and the unique style of ancient depression.
From three aspects: the content of the work, the nostalgic works of other writers and the nostalgic works of other writers at the same time, the nostalgia of goat Tongguan is rare and heavy.
The Creation Background of Goat Tongguan Nostalgia
Zhang is an honest official and loves the people like a son. In the second year of Tian Li (1329), due to the drought in Guanzhong, he was appointed as a relief worker in Shaanxi Province. During his life in the Western Qin Dynasty, he witnessed the profound disasters of the people, was filled with emotion and indignation, squandered all his wealth, tried his best to provide disaster relief, and finally died of overwork. Zhang wrote this poem "herding sheep on a hillside" during the drought in Guanzhong.
Mountain slope sheep Tongguan nostalgia for the original text, translation and appreciation 4 "The lame return to the army" is incomplete and will leave the border town again. A fake dead tree, heading south step by step.
Walk for a hundred days and come for a month. I am always afraid that foxes and rabbits will be abandoned by the roadside.
I would rather die in the countryside than live in the future. I can't bear to hear this sad word.
Cherishing is no different from human skills, and suddenly it has a shape.
"Goat Tongguan Nostalgia" is a collection of peaks, waves are like anger, and mountains and rivers are inside and outside Tongguan Road. Looking at the western capital, I hesitated.
Sad Qin and Han dynasties, ten thousand palaces have been made of earth. Xing, the people suffer; Death, people suffer!
works appreciation
[Content analysis] This well-known poem reveals an irrefutable truth from a profound historical perspective: "Being rich and strong means people suffer; Death, people suffer! That is, no matter how the feudal dynasty changed, innocent people suffered in their wars for cities and land. It is like a red candle with a high fever, which illuminates people's eyes and makes people realize that it is a symbol of feudal regime, and its construction is built by the bones of countless people; When it collapsed, countless people's bones made its sacrifices. This is its shining brilliance. As for the accurate casting, vivid modeling and strong lyrical color, it is the rest.
[Notes on Difficult Words] ① The peaks are like clusters: describe the dense and continuous mountains. 2 "Mountains and Rivers" sentence: It is said that there is the Yellow River outside Tongguan and Huashan Mountain inside, and the situation is very sinister. Tongguan: In today's north of Tongguan County, Shaanxi Province, all previous dynasties were military sites. (3) Western Capital: refers to the Guanzhong area, where Zhou, Qin, Han, Northern Dynasties and Sui and Tang Dynasties all established their capitals. (4) Hesitation: It originally meant indecision and indecision. Here, we describe the ups and downs of ideological trends and profound thoughts. ⑤ "sad" sentence: Passing through the old capital of Qin and Han Dynasties, thinking of the ups and downs of the past, causing endless sadness. It is said that in countless wars, the former palace has turned into a scorched earth. Palace. Palace. Que, the watchtower in front of the palace.
Modern Translation of Ancient Poetry
The peaks of Huashan Mountain seem to gather from all directions, and the waves of the Yellow River seem to be angry. There is the Yellow River outside Tongguan and Huashan Mountain inside. The mountains and rivers are magnificent and the terrain is dangerous. I looked at the ancient capital Chang 'an and thought a lot. Sadly, after the old palaces in Qin and Han Dynasties, countless palaces have already turned to dust. Generation after generation, no matter which dynasty, the dynasty prospered and the people suffered; The dynasty is dead, and the people are still suffering.
Make an appreciative comment
In the second year (AD 1329), due to the drought in Guanzhong, Zhang was sent to Taichung, Shaanxi for disaster relief. Passing through Tongguan, I saw the scene of "the peaks are like a gathering, and the waves are like anger", so I followed this song. Zhang Chuan of the Yuan Dynasty said: "In the past two years, there was a great drought in Guanzhong, and the hungry people ate each other. In particular, Zhang was invited to visit Shaanxi Taiwan. Heaven, help the hungry and bury the dead. " Zhang wrote this poem "herding sheep on a hillside" during the drought in Guanzhong.
Tongguan is surrounded by mountains. In the author's pen, the word "ju" presents readers with the trend of Huashan Pentium, and the mountains stand tall; Look at the Yellow River outside Tongguan, the river is roaring, and the word "anger" makes readers seem to hear endless running water. Tongguan is one of them, "Tongguan Road in the mountains and rivers." At this time, Tongguan is surrounded by mountains and waters, adjacent to the roaring Yellow River. The mountains and rivers are magnificent and the terrain is dangerous, which shows that the road is dangerous. Such a dangerous place is a battleground for military strategists in past dynasties, which also triggered the following feelings.
Thinking of ancient times, the poet can't help looking west. Three hundred miles west of Tongguan is Xijing Chang 'an. From Qin and Han Dynasties to Sui and Tang Dynasties, several dynasties established their capitals in that area. In the sunset, the poet saw nothing, but in his mind, he saw the majestic ancient capital and clusters of magnificent palaces. Now, all traces have disappeared, leaving only loess. Looking west at Chang' an, the poet was filled with emotion, so he looked up at the sky and sighed: "Xing, the people are suffering; Death, the people suffer! " Hit the nail on the head, revealing the bloodiness of the feudal monarchy destroying the people for thousands of years, telling people that in history, no matter the rise and fall of dynasties, it was the people who suffered, thus pointing out the fundamental opposition between the feudal regime and the broad masses of the people. This is a powerful criticism and objective evaluation of thousands of years of feudal history.