1. Goethe-(1August 28th, 749-1March 22nd, 832) is a famous German thinker, novelist, playwright, poet, natural scientist, naturalist and painter, and one of the most important writers in Germany and even in Europe.
Goethe's works are full of rebellious spirit of soaring movement, and have made great achievements in poetry, drama, prose, natural science, natural history and so on. His major works include the play Goethe von bell Hinggan, the novella young werther, the unfinished poetic drama Prometheus and the prototype of the poetic drama Faust.
2. Lessing-(1729.1.22-1781.2.15) German playwright, aesthetician and literary critic during the Enlightenment. As an enlightenment thinker, Lessing criticized the hypocritical court style and "pious" feelings, and replaced the classicism that had fallen into a state of death and decline with humanitarianism and romanticism. Advocate the perfect combination of genius and artistic creation, and oppose the inherent mode limitation in artistic creation. Lessing is at the turning point from classicism to romanticism, pushing the Enlightenment to a climax. His aesthetic thought indicates the arrival of romantic aesthetics and its germination and vigorous development.
3. Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (1759165438+10-1May 9, 805), commonly known as Friedrich Schiller, is/kloc. Schiller is a famous representative of the "Running Movement" in the history of German literature, and is also recognized as a great writer who is second only to Goethe in the history of German literature. He was a close friend of Goethe and was buried with Goethe after his death. He is also a lyricist of Ode to Joy.
4. heinrich heine (also translated by Henrich Heine,1797-1856)-179713 was born in Dü sseldorf, Germany, and experienced the Napoleonic Wars in his childhood and adolescence. In the history of modern German literature, Heine is the most outstanding poet, essayist and thinker after Lessing, Goethe and Schiller. He is not only good at writing poems, travel notes and essays.
He also wrote many works such as literary criticism with profound thoughts, unique style and rich literary beauty, which left a rich, huge, brilliant and precious spiritual wealth for future generations. Heine is good at writing poems, essays and travel notes, but no matter from his personal temperament and temperament, or from the achievements and influence of his creation, we must first respect him as an excellent lyric poet and a great singer of the times.
5. Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (1844 10 10/0/5 ~1August 25th, 900)-a famous German philosopher. The pioneer of modern western philosophy is also an outstanding poet and essayist. He first began to criticize western modern society, but his theory did not attract people's attention in his time, and it was not until the 20 th century that it caused far-reaching repercussions with different voices. Later philosophy of life, existentialism, Freudianism and postmodernism all responded to Nietzsche's philosophical thought in their own forms.
Literary works
1. Grimm's Fairy Tales-Grimm's Fairy Tales are German folk literature works collected, arranged and processed by German linguists jacob green and william green. There are more than 200 stories in Grimm's fairy tales, most of which come from folk oral legends, among which Cinderella, Snow White, Little Red Riding Hood and Frog Prince are more famous.
2. Goethe's Young Werther —— The novel describes the experiences and feelings of progressive young people to the humble German society at that time, and shows the author's response to the feudal moral hierarchy and his strong demand for personality liberation: Young Werther fell in love with a girl named Green, and the girl was engaged to someone else. The frustration in love made Victor very sad. Later, Victor committed suicide because he was incompatible with feudal society and felt hopeless about the future. This is one of the most read works by Goethe's contemporaries.
3. Goethe's Faust is a poetic drama1211written by the German writer Goethe. The first article was published in 1808, with 25 sessions in total. The second * * * 27 scenes, divided into five acts. The whole play has no coherent plot, but takes the development and change of Faust's thought as the clue, German folklore as the theme, and German and European society since the Renaissance as the background, and writes a senior intellectual of the emerging bourgeoisie who is dissatisfied with reality and tries his best to explore the meaning of life and the ideal life path of society. It is a poetic drama that perfectly combines realism and romanticism.
4. Schiller's The Robber-The Hero of the Robber is a typical youth image in The Tempest. He is dissatisfied with the social status quo in which autocracy and pattern coexist, but he is powerless to change it. He pursued freedom and challenged the society at that time. He is a typical rebel, but in the end he can only end in tragedy.
Extended data johann wolfgang von goethe (1August 28th, 749-1March 22nd, 832) was born in Frankfurt am Main, a famous German thinker, writer and scientist. He is the most famous representative of Weimar classicism. As the creator of poetry, drama and prose, he is one of the greatest writers in Germany and an outstanding and brilliant figure in the field of world literature.
1773, he wrote a play "Gotz von Berlichenken", which was famous in German literature. Young Werther was published on 1774, which made him famous. 1776 began to serve Weimar principality. He finished Faust at 183 1 and died in Weimar the following year.
1749 On August 28th, Goethe was born in a wealthy citizen's family in Frankfurt (located in Hesse). When I was a child, my father was strict and serious. Mother comforted, protected and inspired Goethe with tender and considerate maternal love different from her father, guided his interest in learning, and tried her best to cultivate Goethe's correct understanding of literature.
Mother often puts him on her lap and tells him all kinds of interesting stories. Mother's language expression ability is very strong, and the words are novel and rich, and Goethe is often fascinated. Perhaps it is this gift that he inherited from his mother. After Goethe became an adult, his mother still discussed problems with him as a friend.
The mother must read everything about her son's works and always give appropriate comments. Goethe's understanding is very high, and his mother fully knows that he can quickly improve his exposed shortcomings.
Except for my sister cornelia Friedrich Christina, who was born on February 7th, 750/kloc-0, all the other brothers and sisters in johann wolfgang von goethe died young. 1758, Goethe contracted smallpox.
Goethe was educated by his father and mentor, and he also learned to ride horses and fencing.
Goethe has long been interested in literature. In this regard, he first turned his attention to klopp Stoke and Homer. /kloc-When he was 0/4 years old, he wanted to join a pastoral association. At the same time, he also likes drama, so he often visited French theaters during the French occupation. 1763, he met Mozart at a concert when he was only seven years old.
1On September 30th, 765, he left Frankfurt to study law in Leipzig.
Goethe studied in Leipzig from June 1765 to August 1768. He listened to Gellert's lecture on poetry and took part in his writing style practice. At the same time, he also accepted the painting course of Ansel, Dean of Leipzig College. He fell in love with Kaumlthchen Schoumlnkopf and praised this love with rococo style tradition with cheerful and light poems. (Poem Collection Annette)
The most famous hotels with the second longest history in Leipzig: auerbach Kus Keller Hotel and Faust. The stories here left a deep impression on him, so that auerbach Kus Keller became the only real place he involved in the first part of Faust. A massive hemoptysis forced Goethe to suspend his studies and return to Frankfurt on August 28th. 1768.
Goethe is not only good at painting, but also has extensive research on natural science. There are lyric poems, blank poems, group poems, long narrative poems, pastoral poems, historical poems, historical dramas, tragedies, poetic dramas, novels, short stories, educational novels, epistolary novels, autobiographical poems, essays and other literary works.
The most famous novels are Young Werther (1774), Faust (1774 ~ 183 1) and William masters (1775 ~ 65438+). The Trouble of Raising Teenagers was warmly welcomed by the masses because it reflected the anti-feudal aspirations of a generation of young people, which made Goethe enjoy the voice of the world from now on.
Faust is based on the legend of Dr. Faust in Germany in the16th century, and it was processed and transformed. It is an artistic summary that advanced bourgeois people constantly explore and pursue during the rise of European bourgeoisie. Tragedy is not only magnificent in structure and colorful, but also combines realism, romanticism and symbolism, which makes the whole thoughts, words and deeds of Faust and Mephistopheles the devil form a dialectical development relationship between good and evil, action and emotion, and success and failure.
References:
Johann wolfgang von goethe-Baidu encyclopedia