Wen Yiduo
"Every night, the candle will dry the wick."
-Li Shangyin
Red candle!
Such a red candle!
Poet!
Spit out your heart and compare it,
But what about ordinary colors?
Red candle!
Who made the wax?-for your body.
Who lit the fire-lit the soul?
Why do you have to burn the wax to ashes?
And turn off the lights?
Repeated mistakes;
Contradiction! Conflict!
Red candle!
Nothing wrong, nothing wrong!
It should "light" your light-
This is the natural way.
Red candle!
Once made, it will burn!
Burn it! Burn it!
The dream of burning the world,
The blood of the boiling world-
Save their souls,
Smash their prison!
Red candle!
When your heart is burning,
It was the day when tears began.
Red candle!
The craftsman created you,
It was originally used for burning.
Now it's burning,
Why are you crying?
Oh! I know!
It is the residual wind that invades your light,
When your fever is unstable,
I was so anxious that I cried!
Red candle!
Flow! How can it not flow?
Please put your cream,
Constantly flowing to the world,
Cultivate comfortable flowers,
Form a happy fruit!
Red candle!
You shed a tear and the ash was distracted.
Depression and tears, your achievements,
The reason for creating light for you.
Red candle!
"Mo Wen harvests, but requires farming."
The red candle was originally a burning candle and a symbol of celebration. Red Candle is the first poem written by Wen Yiduo, a famous modern poetry collection in China. Published on September 7th 1923. The first edition received 62 songs. People's Literature Publishing House 198 1 Edition received songs 103.
It has a wide range of themes and rich contents, or expresses the poet's patriotic feelings, or criticizes the darkness under feudal rule, or reflects the suffering of working people, or depicts the beauty of nature. Clever conception, novel imagination and vivid language image. Red candle is also another name for flamingos.
Extended data
This poem "Red Candle" is the preface of Wen Yiduo's poetry collection "Red Candle", and this poetry collection published in September 1923 is the first poetry collection published by the poet, which shows that this poem is the foundation stone of Wen Yiduo's poetry career. The interpretation of Red Candle provides an important starting point for us to analyze the poet's inner world and psychological structure. It should be noted that Wen Yiduo embarked on a creative path of modern poets from the red candle era.
In the thinking mode of China's traditional poetics, the poet's lyric ambition is usually not reckless self-explosion, but mostly needs some form of object, which is not the poet's ingenious creation, but the historical inheritance of China poets for thousands of years. The "meaningful forms" of these poems float and shine in the wave of China's long poems, giving passion and inspiration to poets from generation to generation.
Compared with some other May 4th poets, Wen Yiduo obviously has deeper feelings for China's traditional poetics. While accepting the nutrition of western poetics, he never gave up learning and imitating China's classical poetry. The works of Li Shangyin, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, are one of China's classical poems that Wen Yiduo is most interested in. His famous phrase "Candle tears every night" is of course familiar to him. In this way, "red candle" is the ideal of China literati.
When he finished the title of his first book of poetry, "Red Candle" appeared clearly for the first time, which is the origin of the title of poetry and the preface of "Red Candle". From this, we can get a glimpse of the psychological characteristics of the poet Wen Yiduo in the first stage of his creation: he is not simply self-expression and self-portrayal (although he appreciates the goddess of self-expression).
The western romantic poetics of self-expression and self-description did not occupy a dominant position in his spiritual world; The poet's self-expression is consciously attached to a certain "mode", and his understanding of "mode" and his understanding of himself are carried out at the same time. These creative psychology are obviously related to the art of China's classical poetry. Therefore, the surface of the consciousness structure of Red Candle is permeated with the fragrance of traditional poetics.
But Red Candle is obviously not a modern copy of Untitled by Li Shangyin. This poem is full of realistic projection and the voice of the times. The poet's "self" belonging to the May 4th Movement and the individual and the "self" belonging to the traditional culture and national psychology are so intricately intertwined that they complement each other, explain each other and express their opinions, but more are contradictions and conflicts, thus giving birth to a strange "red candle".
This is the difference between modern poetry and classical poetry.
In China's classical poems, the goal is to show things clearly, which is carried out in the harmonious state between me and things, such as Li Shangyin's "Spring silkworms die, and night candles burn their wick". It is not deliberately emphasized that "Spring Silkworm" and "Wax Torch" are just foreign objects, nor is it necessary to find the poet's own image in the corresponding position of these foreign objects. When a poet inadvertently describes the state of foreign objects, he is actually describing himself.
Li Shangyin's poems are famous for their dense and rich images, which is even more striking. However, Wen Yiduo, who accepted the prototype of "Candle Torch to Ash", has a totally different thinking mode.
"Red candle! /Such a red candle! /poet! /spit out your own heart to compare,/but the general color? " As soon as the poet started writing, he surpassed classical poetry. He distinguished the "red candle" from the poet, and did not put himself directly into the red candle that he admired. Self and Red Candle adopt a detached relationship. The poet is a poet, and the red candle returns to the red candle, which is his "parting".
However, this is an effort to find the spiritual connection and mutual recognition between the two, so it can be described as "namely". This separation has laid the basic emotional way and cultural character of the whole poem. We can understand this fundamental significance from three aspects:
① Separation is the starting point of the poet's consciousness, "namely" is the trend of efforts, and the contradiction between "separation" and "namely" is inevitable.
② From "separation" to "namely", the poet's emotional trend is outlined in the pain of contradictions and conflicts, which is also the basic pattern of poetry.
Culturally speaking, "separation" is the expression of contemporary culture and belongs to the poet's real experience, while "namely" is the temptation of classical culture and belongs to the poet's ideal destination in obscurity. The conflict between "separation" and "namely" will occur, that is, the conflict between two cultures within the poet.
Next, the poet used seven verses to express his feelings for the red candle. Generally speaking, he mainly grasped two remarkable characteristics of red candle, self-immolation and tears. The poet stood at a certain distance to observe the red candle. Thinking about the red candle, giving out various sighs and putting forward various puzzles constantly shows Wen Yiduo's tenacious rational critical spirit as a modern poet.
But after each questioning, the poet puts forward various explanations from different meanings, which is a kind of self-questioning and self-answering. In this explanation, the poet seems to have temporarily put down his confusion, as if he understood the inner spiritual essence of the red candle, and thus developed a certain degree of body identity. At this time, "separation" seems to have been transformed into "namely".
For the self-immolation of the red candle, the poet is obviously puzzled: "Why do you have to burn the wax to ashes/then let it shine?" For a modern person influenced by the May 4th modern civilization, it is not surprising that such confusion arises: Why must the value of self be realized in self-destruction? What is the meaning of individual independence?
So that the poet is still chasing you: "Who made the wax-gave you the body? Who lit the fire-lit the soul? " This seems to imply to us that an individual's fate depends on some external force? So, isn't self-immolation some kind of tragic forced behavior? It can be seen that the poet's confusion is profound and unprecedented under the nurturing of modern consciousness.
The doubt about the tragic fate of the red candle is also the realistic reason why the poet did not directly integrate himself. Wen Yiduo, who is rigorous and cautious, never rashly calls other things the same kind without management thinking.
Of course, people live in "culture" after all. Because the national culture is the prenatal education of China poets, it will also affect their thoughts and feelings in their actual creation, which partly determines their thinking direction. Therefore, Wen Yiduo realized in his thinking that the reality of self-immolation with a wax torch turned to ashes "was originally intended to' burn' your light-/this is a natural way." Although this explanation is too simple.
Now that the confusion has been temporarily solved, the poet seems to be inspired by the burning red candle and see his own image. "burn! Burn it! /Burn the dreams of the world,/Burn the blood of the world-/Save their souls,/Smash their prisons! " This belongs to Wen Yiduo's modern way of identity:
When he was conscious of things, his self-emotion was still very strong, so the connotation of things also changed. The burning "red candle" is no longer a simple symbol of self-dedication, not a lover's long love, but a strength, a hero and a cry of the times.
Therefore, Wen Yiduo's spiritual world is complicated from "separation" to "namely", or from the experience of contemporary culture to the vision of classical culture. When he is obsessed with the survival feeling of contemporary culture, the light of traditional culture calls him from time to time; When he chose the ideal of traditional culture, the character of contemporary culture still showed his strength.
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