Xiao Xiong's poems in Qing Dynasty: Jade imitates sheep fat, which is warm and smooth, but the pulse of Kungang is different. There are six cities and two rivers, and you don't seek the path into the water.
Wang Yi's On Jade: Yellow is like steamed chestnut, free to cut fat, and black is like pure paint, which is called jade symbol.
Chen Xingyu's story: clean and rich in connotation, the body is like condensed fat, compact, clean and delicate, heavy and moist. Advocating it can nourish nature, ward off evil spirits and avoid epidemics, which is beneficial to people. It's beautiful.
Song Ying Xing's Heavenly Creations: The jade in the garden is flawless, and the ancient emperors used it as a seal, which is hard to get. Those five or six inches flawless, treated with glass herons, became treasures.
According to the description of the late master in Su Ji Shen, pearls are pure white, but there is light at night, such as moonlight, which can be used as a candle room, so it is called "the late master of Sui Dynasty", also known as "snake bead" and "bright moon bead". There is a swimming pool with Dr. (Liang Shi)
Li Shangyin's "Jinse": Men shed pearl-like tears in the moonlight green sea, and the blue fields breathe their jadeite to the sun.
Zhang Heng's "Xijing Fu" is accompanied by Hou Zhu: Li Yeguang hangs, and the beads are decorated with candles.
Du Guangting, a Taoist priest in Shu Five Dynasties ago, wrote in the seventh volume "Different Stone" that the essence of the old star turned into jade after falling into Jingshan Mountain. It is blue from the side and white from the right. Bian He was betrothed to the King of Chu and later to Zhao Xianqin. The first emperor unified and engraved the decree. Li Si sealed his article and handed it down from generation to generation.
Xiao Yan's Yue Yugui Qu: Yugui Mountain is really immortal. Nine lights, five clouds. Cross-band should be divided into shadows, and the big corolla is in the morning. It is too clear for a mysterious person like Luo to travel around.
Lu You's Hongya Gexian inkstone: Different inkstones are Han Jia, which is as warm as jade. Because it looks like a beast's back, the ink is like paint. Only high morality is complete, especially at the end of the month. Man Xi is a big generation, and Wu Dare and Party A and Party B have returned to Wuzhong from me for ten thousand days. You can't brush your hands away, but if you have a piano on your knee. Few people know the name, and those who steal the weight are strangled. Only if the grass is too mysterious will it not pollute the management.
There is such a record in the Book of Rites: Zi Gong asked Confucius why a gentleman valued jade and despised it (a stone similar to jade). Is it because jade is rare and precious? Confucius replied: "it is not because it is precious, so it is cheap;" Jade is scarce, so it is expensive. The gentleman of the past is better than jade-gentle and kind; Be cautious and know; Cheap but not embarrassing, righteous; Hanging like a pendant, courtesy also; The sound of knocking at the door is getting louder and longer, and finally it is pleasant; Defects do not cover up Yu, Yu does not cover up defects, loyalty is also; Fu Yin Pang Da, letter also; Gas is like Changhong, and the sky is also; The spirit is found in mountains and rivers, and the land is also; Zhang Gui TEDA; Deye; The world is expensive, and the Tao is also. "Poetry" says that a gentleman is as warm as jade. Therefore, a gentleman is also expensive. "Confucius means: it is not despised because of precious richness, but because of the scarcity of jade. This is because ancient gentlemen compared jade to morality, symbolizing virtue. Then Confucius explained the eleven symbols of jade one by one, and thought that jade was warm and kind, symbolizing benevolence; Strong, dense and dignified, symbolizing wisdom; Sharp, honest and harmless, symbolizing righteousness; Yu Pei, carved into a vessel, neatly hung on the body as a symbol of the ceremony; The sound of knocking on jade is crisp and obedient, symbolizing music; The spots on the jade can't hide its beauty. Similarly, plum rains do not hide spots, symbolizing loyalty. Brilliant but not hidden, symbolizing the letter; The momentum is like a rainbow, symbolizing the sky; Spirit is like mountains and rivers, symbolic; Adhere to etiquette and symbolize virtue; Nothing in the world is worthless, because it symbolizes morality.
The Book of Songs says: As the saying goes, a gentleman is as gentle as jade. Therefore, a gentleman is more valuable than jade. Jade in the pre-Qin period symbolizes people's moral conduct and expresses a spiritual realm. In particular, the intellectuals in this period compared their pursuit of the highest realm of ideal and morality to the elegance and firmness of jade attachment; The encouragement of tempering noble personality is combined with the exquisite carving of exquisite jade. Therefore, jade is also a symbol of a gentleman's moral norms and restraint. Because the beauty of jade is a kind of natural beauty, it is deep, soft, subtle and charming, and it is slowly transmitted from the inside out, so jade can produce a special aesthetic concept, with gentle appearance and firm essence.
In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, under the influence of philosophers, jade was endowed with the characteristics of absorbing the essence of the sun, the moon and mountains and condensing the beauty of the world, and became the moral standard of the people who tasted algae. Influenced by the thinking mode of "valuing things more than morality", aristocratic officials advocated the moral concepts of "a gentleman is like jade" and "a gentleman is better than jade", and compared the color, texture and shape of jade with human virtues such as virtue, benevolence and intelligence, so the jade theory of five virtues, nine virtues and eleven virtues came into being. Confucius said that jade has eleven virtues, and pipe Yuyun has nine virtues. Xu Shen in the Eastern Han Dynasty quoted the five virtues of jade in Shuowen: "Jade, the beauty of stone, has five virtues, moist and gentle, benevolent; Thinking from the outside, you can know the middle way and know the righteousness; Its voice is soothing, profound and wise; Fearless and unyielding, the brave side is also; Ruilian is not refined and clean. " It is called spirituality because it combines the aura of the earth with the essence of the sun, the moon and the mountains. This shows the influence of the concept of jade in the Five Derbyshire on the aesthetics of jade. When the ancients distinguished jade, they first valued the virtue contained in jade, and then the natural color and texture of jade itself. This theory of attaching importance to morality makes jade change from a simple ornament to a symbol of practical, aesthetic and cultivated ethical personality style. Therefore, Mr. Guo Baojun thinks that China's jade articles are "extracted from jade, endowed with philosophical thoughts and moralized; Arrange the shape of jade, give it yin and yang, and make it religious; Compare the scale of jade, give it a rank and politicize it. "Confucianism preaches' benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom', and the most fundamental point is benevolence. People admire those who are "benevolent and love others" as gentlemen, and the core of "benevolence" is virtue. Confucius said that "a gentleman is better than jade", that is, linking virtue with a gentleman and tracing back to the source. Jade represents virtue, and virtue becomes jade, and jade virtue becomes the spiritual pillar of the development of civilized society. Later, people inherited and carried forward the saying that "a gentleman is like jade". In the past, people also exchanged jade as a token, which is also a kind of admiration for jade virtue. A gentleman is like jade; Jade's tenacity, gentleness, exquisiteness and humanity have great consistency. " Moist as jade and clean as jade have become the most beautiful compliments. Jade is silent, jade has become the embodiment and representative of a gentleman, a pure thing and a synonym for virtue.