About the author:
Li Hua (7 15-766) was born in Zanhuang, Zhaozhou (now Hebei). He was a scholar in the 23rd year of Kaiyuan (735) and in the 2nd year of Tianbao (743). Secretary, provincial school bookkeeper, supervisor, right vacancy, etc. The Anshi Rebellion earned it for the rebels, and he got the position of giving up his family in the pseudo-Fengge. After the chaos, the Hangs were demoted to join the army. In the second year of Guangde (764), Li Xi 'an elected Jianghuai, made China the shogunate, and stopped the official department from being a foreign minister. Next year, I will go to be an official because of wind paralysis, and then I will live in seclusion. Huawei's famous essayist, as well as Xiao, is internationally known as "Xiao Li". And with Xiao, Yan Zhenqing and other * * * advocated the study of ancient Chinese classics, and set off the ancient Chinese prose movement in Korea and Liu. And poetry. His collected works have been lost, and later generations have compiled the Collected Works of Uncle Li.
The full text is as follows:
Pingsha is vast and boundless, and no one is seen. The river is tangled and the mountains are in dispute. It's gloomy and the wind is sad. The grass withered and it was freezing in the morning. Birds can't fly, animals will die. The owner of the museum said, "This ancient battlefield is also. Taste the three armies; It's often cloudy in amityville horror. " Sad! Qin Yu? Han Han? Will modern times be awkward?
It is said that Fu Qi is defending Wei and recruiting troops. Wan Li has been exposed for many years. Grass grazing in the morning and river ice crossing at night. The land is vast and endless, and I don't know the way back. Who wants to sue? Who wants to sue? Returning from Qin and Han dynasties, I suffered many hardships and suffered four losses. Zhongzhou is exhausted, and there is nothing in the world. In ancient times, it was called Rong and Xia, and it did not resist. Cultural and educational mourning, military attache with strange. Indiana Jones is different from benevolence and righteousness, and Wang Dao is pedantic. Alas!
I think the north wind will shake the desert, and Hu Bing will stay there. The Lord will be arrogant and the enemy will attack. The wild flag was raised and the Sichuan team trained. The focus of the law is terrible, and the prestige is humble. The sharp shovel pierced the bone and scared the sand in the face. The subject and object fight, the mountains and rivers dazzle, the rivers rattle, and the lightning collapses. If the poverty is cold, the cape is cold, the snow is not deep, the ice is in the beard, the bird is resting in the nest, the horse is squatting, the shackles are not warm, and the fingers are cracked. When it's bitter and cold, and the day off is strong, kill each other with the murderous look of the tomb. Cut the trench, foot soldiers. A new captain and general were wiped out. Bodies are all over the port shore, and the Great Wall Cave is full of blood. Nothing is expensive or cheap, just bones. If you can win! The drums were exhausted, the arrows were exhausted, the strings were broken, and the white blades were broken. The two armies were shocked. Put it down. Yidi is lifelong. Fight? Rockburst and gravel. Birds are silent, mountains are silent, and there is no wind in the long night. The soul is heavy in the sky, and ghosts and gods gather. The sun is cold and the grass is short, and the moonlight is bitter and frosty, which is heartbreaking, isn't it?
I heard: Zhao died for grazing, breaking, and driving thousands of miles to escape the Huns. When the Han Dynasty overthrew the world, Dan Li's wealth was limited. It's the same for anyone. How many? Cycle after cycle, north to Taiyuan, north of the city, the whole division is still there. Drink to the training, and have fun and leisure, Mu Mu Didi, between the monarch and the minister. Qin rises from the Great Wall, but the sea is the pass; Poison life, Wan Yin. Although the Han people attacked the Xiongnu, it was difficult to make up for it.
Who has no parents? Support and support, but I am afraid that I will not live long. Who doesn't have a brother or something? Who has no husband and wife, like a guest and like a friend? What is the grace of life? What's so strange about killing people? If it exists, it is not known to the family. People may have something to say, but they are skeptical. Look at your heart, sleep and watch. Cloth gushed out and cried all over the world. The world is sad, and the vegetation is sad. What spirit can we rely on before the mourning ceremony? There will be unlucky years and people will be displaced. Alas! Time is up. Life? Since ancient times. What can we do? Stay in Sisi Lee.
Translation:
The boundless wilderness, far from seeing people. The river bends like a belt, and countless peaks overlap in the distance. A gloomy and bleak scene: the cold wind roared, the sun was dim, the chrysanthemum was broken, the weeds withered, and it was as cold as a winter morning. Birds flew over and refused to fall, and stray beasts hurried by. The director of the museum told me: "This is an ancient battlefield, which was once completely annihilated. There are often ghosts crying and they will be heard every cloudy day. " So sad! Is this the Qin Dynasty, the Han Dynasty, or something modern?
It is said that during the Warring States period, both Qi and Wei countries recruited able-bodied men for service, and both Chu and Han countries recruited for war. Soldiers ran to the frontier of Wan Li, exposed year after year, looking for grass in the desert in the morning and crossing the frozen river at night. I don't know where the way home is. Who do you confide in when your life is at stake? Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, there have been frequent wars in the four border areas, and the losses and destruction in the Central Plains are unprecedented in the world. In ancient times, it was said that Xia Xia, foreigners were not enemies of the emperor's army; Later, the education of rites and music was no longer promoted, and the military commanders used all the tricks of the Indiana Jones. Indiana Jones does not conform to benevolence, righteousness and morality, and Wang Dao is considered pedantic and unrealistic, and no one will implement it. Oh, yo, yo!
I imagined that the north wind shook the desert and Hu Bing took the opportunity to attack. The Lord is arrogant and underestimates the enemy, and the enemy soldiers rushed to fight at the camp gate. Various battle flags were erected on the Yuan Ye, and heavily armed soldiers were running in the valley. Strict military laws are frightening, officials have great power, and soldiers' lives are humble. Sharp arrows pierce the bones, and flying sand flies straight at people's faces. The enemy and our two armies fought fiercely, and the mountains and rivers were dizzy. The momentum is big enough to split the river, and lightning surges. What's more, in the extreme winter, the air condenses, the world is blocked, the snow sinks into the calf, and the beard freezes. Birds of prey hide in their nests and rest, and warlike military horses linger. There was no heating in the cotton-padded clothes, so people were so cold that their fingers fell off and their skin cracked. In this bitter cold moment, under the disguise of Hu Bing's powerful hand, God came to chop and kill our soldiers, cut off the munitions halfway, and broke the ranks. A captain just surrendered and the general was killed again. The body died on the shore of Dagang, bleeding profusely in the cave under the Great Wall. Whether noble or humble, it has become a skeleton. This is endless pain! The drums are weak and the soldiers are exhausted; The arrow has been shot and the bowstring has been cut. White-edged hand-to-hand combat, the nod has been broken; The two armies are approaching, which is a matter of life and death. Surrender? Life will fall into a foreign race; Fighting, right? The bones will show gravel! The birds are silent, the mountains are silent, the night is long, the hate platform is flickering, the ghosts are condensed, the sky is dark, and the ghosts gather in clouds. The sun is bleak, reflecting the short grass, and the moonlight is bitter and covered with frost. Is there such a sad scene in the world?
I heard that Li Mu commanded the soldiers of Zhao, broke the invasion, opened thousands of miles of territory, and the Huns ran away. However, the Han Dynasty tried its best to fight the Huns, but the people were poor and weak. The key is to choose the right people, not the number of soldiers! Zhou dynasty expulsion? After that, the whole army returned to Beijing in triumph, held a sacrificial feast in the ancestral temple, and titled its achievements. Everyone is happy and comfortable. Between the monarch and the minister, they are dignified and kind, respectful and polite. The Qin Dynasty built the Great Wall, built fortresses to the seaside, killed countless people and dyed the land of Wan Li red and black with blood; The Han Dynasty sent troops to attack the Huns, although it occupied Yinshan Mountain, but the bones of the dead soldiers were everywhere, which was really not worth the loss.
Many people were born in heaven. Who has no parents? From childhood, I took the lead, held it and carried it, so as not to die young. Who doesn't have a brother? Who doesn't have a respectful wife? What benefits did they get when they were alive? What crime did you commit and get killed? Their life and death are unknown in China; Even if you hear someone accusing you, it's mixed. I was very sad and depressed all day and fell asleep at night. As a last resort, we had to display sacrifices, drink alcohol to pay homage, look from a distance and cry bitterly. Heaven and earth are sad for it, and plants are also sad. Such a gloomy condolence sacrifice cannot be perceived by the souls of the dead in heaven, and their souls have no refuge. Besides, there will be famine after the war and people will inevitably be displaced. Alas, alas! Is this caused by the times or by fate? This has been the case since ancient times! How can we avoid war? Only by preaching enlightenment and practicing benevolence and righteousness can the four clans defend the territory for the emperor. (Morphy)
Appreciate:
Background: Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was overjoyed, went into battle lightly and fought for years, and the people were miserable.
Description of ancient battlefield environment: desolate and cold scenery (real scene)
1. The empty desert is endless and there is no figure (environment).
2. The river is surrounded like a belt; The mountains are undulating and criss-crossing (environment)
Dark and sad, the wind is biting, the sky is dark, and the cold is as cold as a frosty morning.
4. The roots of Erigeron are broken and the leaves of weeds wither (plants)
5. Birds fly high and refuse to land; Wild animals run, they are lonely.
Sadness; I feel that wars have been going on since ancient times, with countless casualties.
It is disgusting to highlight the horror of war.
Write about the hardships of military life:
1. Fighting for many years, living without a fixed place, sleeping in Shan Ye for a long time; 2. Life is hard, grazing in the morning and crossing the glacier at night; 3. There is no time to go home; 4. Always in danger; There is no one to talk to in my heart.
The reasons for the war disaster year after year: the monarch no longer preaches enlightenment ("cultural and educational failure"), and the ruler advocates force.
Feeling: I was surprised by the failure of culture and education, which led to years of war.
Write about the tragic situation during and after the war between the enemy and ourselves;
During the war: the enemy and I fought fiercely and the mountains and rivers shook. The Hu people took advantage of the right time, the right place and the right people. In the cold wind environment, they robbed the rations, attacked our army from the side, and the sharp arrows kept stabbing the soldiers' bones. Finally, manpower and weapons were exhausted, some surrendered, and some died; The number of soldiers killed in the battle is staggering. Those lucky enough to survive are ambivalent and don't know whether to continue their efforts or surrender.
After the war: There was a dead silence. The birds and Shan Ye were silent, only hearing the wind. The moonlight is hazy, the weather is cold, there is frost and snow everywhere, and the dead soldiers gather here.
I think the saddest thing in the world is this.
Write about the sufferings brought by war to the people, and advocate culture and education to avoid war.
This paper cites four historical examples and puts forward the importance of selecting and employing people.
Positive: 1. During the Warring States period, Zhao appointed Li Mu, who was annihilated, forced the Huns to flee and expanded the territory for thousands of miles, so that foreigners did not dare to invade the border again; 2. In Zhou Dynasty, Yin Jifu was appointed to drive away stubborn people. After the Great Wall was built in the north, the whole division returned; After returning to China, a banquet was held to celebrate and the atmosphere was harmonious.
Reverse: 1. The Qin Dynasty recruited a large number of people to build the Great Wall, resulting in numerous casualties. 2. The Han Dynasty exhausted the country's financial resources and manpower to attack the Huns, but the result was that the country's wealth was exhausted and countless people were killed and injured.
Writing method: quoting historical examples; Contrast; Use the past to satirize/belittle the present
Function: satirizing the present through the ancient times, satirizing Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, like the monarch of Qin and Han Dynasties, will only lose more than gain; In addition, I also hope that Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty can learn from the monarchs of the Zhou Dynasty, and appointing talents is the way to avoid war.
Write about the pain that war brings to people and their families.
1. I don't know if my loved ones are alive or dead; 2. Even if there is news of relatives, it is dubious; 3. I feel sad all day, and even dream about the person I love when I sleep; 4. I received the bad news from my relatives and cried at the cliff at home; 5. hang your loved ones, you can't see ghosts, and you worry that your soul doesn't know where to attach it; 6. After the war, people will face famine or natural disasters, and people will be displaced everywhere.
have no choice but to
Put forward the solution: use morality to make all other nationalities submit, and defend their country for the son of heaven, so that the disaster of war can be eliminated. ("Stay in 41")
Views on war:
1. Not completely anti-war, in favor of the war to defend the homeland, but only against the unjust war (the war caused by jubilation);
2. It is believed that proper employment is the key to winning the war;
3. Put forward the methods to avoid war: (1) to publicize culture and education, so that foreigners can defend the frontier for the court; (b) Make good use of military commanders to expel foreigners and return them to the whole division.
Writing skills:
1. Style: Wen Fu
2. Use the word "xi" more often: the word "xi" is an auxiliary word, and the word "xi" is used in sentences, which makes people read cadently and smoothly.
3. Positive and negative contrast: The historical cases of Zhou and Zhao are compared with those of Qin and Han dynasties, which shows the importance of selecting and appointing talents.
4. Give historical examples: Give historical examples of Zhou/Zhao/Qin/Han, which leads to the importance of selecting and employing people.
5. borrow the ancient to satirize the present; Such as "Qin Yi? Han Han? Will modern times be awkward? "Modern times" refers to the Tang Dynasty.