Among the many heroes at that time, why did Zhuge Liang take a fancy to Liu Bei at a glance? We will talk a little about what kind of person Zhuge Liang is, especially what his youth was like. From the reflection of the Three Kingdoms by Chen Shou, we know that Zhuge Liang is a young genius, which is described in the reflection of Zhuge Liang by Chen Shou. Before writing the History of the Three Kingdoms, Chen Shou compiled an anthology for Zhuge Liang. When he handed the Collected Works of Zhuge Liang to the emperor, he wrote a table called On Zhuge Liang's Collection Table. In this table, Chen Shou describes Zhuge Liang like this:
"There are few talents, and the weapon of Yinghao is eight feet long, which looks great. When people are different. "
Zhuge Liang is a young genius and a handsome boy. He is 1.84 meters tall and looks outstanding. Not only was he tall, but everyone thought he was special at that time. We don't know much about his life, except that he is an orphan and grew up with his uncle Zhuge Xuan. After Zhuge Xuan came to Jingzhou, Zhuge Liang also came to Jingzhou and lived in Longzhong. After Zhuge Liang arrived in Longzhong, he lived a life of farming and studying. The so-called life of farming and studying is described by Zhuge Liang in his "Model":
"I am dressed in cloth, and I have been studying in Nanyang, risking my life in troubled times and not asking Wen Da to be a vassal."
So this sentence, risking your life not to beg Wen Da, is probably a bit cliche, so what did you do when you finally didn't beg Wen Da to come out? "Farming Nanyang" seems real, but there are actually two possibilities. One is farming for a living, but according to Zhuge Liang's family background, he is not an ordinary farmer. Therefore, there is another possibility that it was also an elegant thing to participate in agricultural production at that time. Later, we saw Ji Kang working while the iron was hot. You said he was a blacksmith. In today's words, he is not pretending to be cool. Of course, we don't know whether Zhuge Liang makes a living or enjoys it, but I am sure that Zhuge Liang must be cautious in farming for whatever reason, because Zhuge Liang has a great advantage that I admire very much, that is, he is meticulous in doing things and worth learning. Moreover, after he became prime minister, he did everything by himself. I suspect this is a habit he developed when he was farming in Longzhong. On the other hand, Zhuge Liang studied carelessly. The reflection says that Zhuge Liang's friends are very careful in their studies. Zhuge Liang took it over and saw that it was ten lines, which was equivalent to what Tao Yuanming said later. In fact, this is to understand, and to read the outline is to grasp the essence and be good at grasping the key points. This is called reading. Moreover, in my opinion, as long as you are not a scholar, you should look at the outline, not at the details, as Zhuge Liang and Tao Yuanming said, just like a person who wants to win the world will not care about the gains and losses of a city and a pool, Zhuge Liang.
Besides ploughing and studying, Zhuge Liang has two hobbies, one is to tuck his knees and whistle, and the other is to sing for Fu Liang. What is "blazing"? I estimate that whistling is a guiding technique, that is, lifting it from the abdomen and sending it out from the throat in one breath; How about Fu Liangyin? Liang used to be a kind of crown, and the songs sung at the funeral were quite sad. Then we can imagine that when Zhuge Liang was in Longzhong, a young man in his twenties and eight feet long was sitting on a stone among the mountains, with his knees folded in his hands and looking at the mountains, screaming at the top of his lungs. What kind of state is that? I think Zhuge Liang's whistling and his songs reflect his broad feelings of compassion for life and society, generosity and sadness, and his deep concern for the world and life. This is a typical stone country, and it is an unparalleled stone country. What are the characteristics of the stone country? When I was talking about the man of the Han Dynasty, I said that Zhuge Liang was a man who took the world as his responsibility, an ideal, ambitious and ambitious man.
Zhuge Liang is an unparalleled national. When I lived in seclusion in Longzhong, I studied and made friends and watched the changes in the world. After ten years of hard work, Zhuge Liang has become a young talent with lofty aspirations, profound knowledge and unique opinions. In Zhuge Liang's long whistle, Mr. Yi Zhongtian read out Zhuge Liang's compassion. Zhuge Liang, who is full of knowledge, will not stay in Longzhong with peace of mind. He must find his place. However, can you achieve great things with only one cavity of blood? Does Zhuge Liang, who compares himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi, have the ability and conditions to achieve something?
Zhuge Liang is also capable, and his later rule of the world is a manifestation of his ability. So does he have the conditions? Yes
First, Zhuge Liang has a good background. Zhuge Liang was an official from his ancestors, and his grandfather was still a big official. His father and uncle also served as local officials, so he is the family and son of an official. He knows some things in officialdom and has some relations in officialdom.
Second, Zhuge Liang has connections. Zhuge Liang's mother-in-law is the daughter of Cai Yan, the richest man in Xiangyang. Cai Yan has two daughters and a son. One of these two daughters married Zhuge Liang's father-in-law, and the other married Liu Biao, a shepherd in Jingzhou. His son, Cai Mao, is also a very powerful man. In other words, the chief executive of Jingzhou is Zhuge Liang's wife's uncle, and the important official of Jingzhou is Zhuge Liang's wife's uncle, so this network is very remarkable. There is a widely circulated story about this. Zhuge Liang's father-in-law is Huang. This man appreciates Zhuge Liang very much. One day, he went to see Zhuge Liang and said to him, Son, I have an ugly daughter, but she is very talented. Will you marry her? Zhuge Liang said yes, Huang went home at once, put his daughter in the car and sent it to Zhuge Liang's home. It also has different views on this matter. One view is that Huang's daughter is not ugly, and Huang says it is modest to have an ugly girl at home. For example, people in China call their sons dogs and their daughters ugly girls. You can't take it seriously. My family keeps a dog and says your son is a dog son. You can't be real. Another way of saying this is to test Zhuge Liang to see whether you value talents or morality. Zhuge Liang stood the test and valued virtue and talent, but he married a beautiful girl and went back. But I think Huang's daughter may be ugly. Why? Huang said this. He said, "Only an ugly girl with yellow hair and black hair can match", 12. If you were modest, you wouldn't be so specific. You are young and dark. He wouldn't be so specific. This is evidence; The second evidence is that this incident was a joke in Jingzhou and Xiangyang at that time. Finally, the people also made up two folk proverbs, called "Don't be the ugly girl in Kong Ming's choice of wife". They said, when choosing a wife, don't learn from Zhuge Liang. Huang Acheng, the ugly girl who couldn't get married, was married back by him, so she looks like an ugly girl.
So if Huang's daughter is really ugly, there is a problem. What's the problem? Why is Zhuge Liang willing? As we said before, Zhuge Liang is a handsome guy with a handsome face and a length of eight feet. Why did he marry an ugly girl? There are also various explanations. The first explanation is that Zhuge Liang is upright and virtuous, values virtue rather than appearance, and does not judge a book by its appearance. This is an explanation; The second explanation, on the contrary, is that Zhuge Liang values Huang's network, because Huang and Liu Biao, the chief executive of Jingzhou, are brothers-in-law in our northern dialect. If you want to go into politics, it is extremely beneficial for you to have such a relationship. So what is the reason? Mr Zhuge can't be asked now, and there is no clear record in history. I dare not jump to conclusions. Please ask the audience in front of the TV to judge for themselves.
The third condition is that Zhuge Liang has a small circle, which we might as well call the Jingxiang Scholars Group. At that time, there were many celebrities gathered in Xiangyang, Jingzhou. The older generation had Si Mahui and Pang Degong, and the younger ones had Zhuge Liang, Xu Shu, Shi Tao and Meng Jian. They were all improvisers and talents. These people often exchanged ideas together, and they all thought highly of Zhuge Liang. They even gave him a nickname, Mr. Wolong. When they felt that the time was ripe, they would solemnly introduce Zhuge Liang. We know that Liu Bei knew Zhuge Liang, who was introduced to Liu Bei by Jingxiang Scholars Group. Xu Shu, Si Mahui and Pang Degong. These people have done propaganda work, so Zhuge Liang's political conditions are very good.
So we have another problem. Since he has such good political conditions, why not go out?
During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge family was full of talented people, among whom Zhuge Liang was the most dazzling star. From this point of view, Zhuge Liang not only has lofty aspirations, but also has a great background and contacts. But one thing is puzzling. Since Zhuge Liang has such conditions and abilities, why should he hide it? What is Zhuge Liang looking at?
We should find out Zhuge Liang's ambition. According to legend, Zhuge Liang said this when chatting with his young friends Shi Tao, Xu Shu and Meng Jian. He said that if you go into politics, you can at least be a county leader, that is, an official at the county level. What about you? Zhuge Liang smiled without saying a word, but just smiled without answering. In fact, the answer is already there. What did the reflection say about him? "Every time I compare myself to Guan Zhong and Le Yi", who is Guan Zhong and what is his name? Who is Le Yi and what is his name? Zhuge Liang's goal is clear, and he will certainly make great achievements. So his ambition is great. He has such great ambitions that he must choose a good boss for himself. Because we know that in such a turbulent era, an ambitious and successful person can have three choices. The first is to fight for the country like Cao Cao himself; The second kind, like Zhou Yu, helps others fight for the country; Third, like those hermits, I don't help anyone stay at home. Zhuge Liang obviously chose to be a wise man, a famous star and a minister who ruled the world, so he must choose a good boss for himself.
So Zhuge Liang looked around, so many companies, so many enterprises and so many bosses, which one to choose? The most convenient ones are Liu Biao, Cao Cao and Sun Quan. He is also recruiting talents. -Liu Bei has not yet become a climate. He decided not to choose either. Why? Liu Biao is too bad, Cao Cao is too strong, and Sun Quan has too little space. I will talk about the difference between Liu Biao and Liu Biao later. By the way, when the Central Plains was in turmoil, many talents from the Central Plains came to Jingzhou, and none of them were needed by Liu Biao, so Zhuge Liang, a man who couldn't use people at all, quickly sent him away. Where is Cao Cao? Cao Cao is too strong. Cao Cao is full of talents and is a first-class talent. Where will Zhuge Liang pass? Where's Sun Quan? Sun Quan can't do it here either. Sun Quan is a literate man, and Zhang Zhao and Zhou Yu, two important officials, have an unusual relationship with bamboo slips. It is called taking the throne as the mother, that is, both Zhang Zhao and Zhou Yu have enjoyed the treatment of taking the throne as the mother. What does it mean to ascend to the throne as a mother? Is it for Sun Quan or Sun Ce? To be precise, it is for Sun Ce. When he goes to Sun Ce's home, he invites them to visit Sun Ce's mother in the kitchens. This person has adopted a son, so Zhuge Liang must be under Zhang Zhao and Zhou Yu if he reaches Jiangdong, even under Lu Su. This is what Zhuge Liang does not want.
Because Zhuge Liang's goal is clear, that is, I will go to this boss and be used by him as soon as I see him. Second, I will reuse it. Third, I'd better use it exclusively. He knows this very well. Then Sun Quan's space is obviously too small. So what is the best choice for him? He is a hero who can achieve hegemony or imperial industry in the future, and it is best to achieve imperial industry, that is, to be an emperor in the future. To say the least, you don't have to seek hegemony, but now you are the candidate emperor. In other words, this person should have ambition and conditions, but his ambition is not obvious or even clear, and the conditions are not mature and lacking, so I need Zhuge Liang to help him. In other words, Zhuge Liang also asked himself to have the space and possibility to display his talents after he came to this group. He wants to do something. Then please think about it. Who meets this requirement? There is only one person, and he is Liu Bei.
Ambitious Zhuge Liang, concerned about the current situation, concerned about the current situation. After some comparison, he decided not to choose Cao Cao, who had political advantages, or Sun Quan, who had military skills, and finally set his goal on Liu Bei. Zhuge Liang's move became the biggest mystery that he could not understand, because Liu Bei still relied on Liu Biao at this time. Why did such a weak person attract Zhuge Liang's attention? What kind of person is Liu Bei? What's his special charm?
I think Liu Bei is very qualified to be an alternate emperor. First, he is divided into emperors, that is, he has the possibility of becoming an emperor. Where is the possibility? Two o'clock. First, he was born. Liu Bei is a member of the imperial clan and family. Of course, his blood relationship is so weak that he didn't make it clear himself. However, after he unveiled the signboard, everyone recognized it and lined up carefully. Today's family has to call him uncle, Liu Huangshu, the emperor's uncle. So if the emperor is useless, it is better to replace his uncle with someone with another surname. Second, Liu Bei has a good image, with his ears hanging over his shoulders and his hands knee-high. Unlike Cao Cao and Sun Quan, an emperor has a good image. Of these three people, Cao Cao's image is the worst, which is one of the reasons why Cao Cao did not dare to proclaim himself emperor in the end. It is a secondary reason, but it is also a reason. Of course, today we advocate not judging a book by its cover, but the ancients didn't think so. The ancients judged people by their appearances and paid great attention to their images. Cao Cao has a bad image. He doesn't look like a monarch or an emperor. This is not good. Liu Bei looks like him, and so does Sun Quan.
Second, Liu Bei has imperial ambition, that is, he wants to be emperor. What are the names of Liu Bei's sons? One is Liu Feng, and the other is Liu Chan. Together, it is "meditation". What is meditation? Zen is a ceremony for the ancient sages of China to worship Mount Tai. There are two conditions, or three conditions First, the subject of this sacrifice can only be the emperor. Second, not all emperors can do it. A virtuous gentleman is not qualified for virtue. The third is that the memorial service should be held on Mount Tai. Sacrificing heaven at the top of Mount Tai is called "Feng", and sacrificing ground under Mount Tai is called "Zen", which are collectively called "Feng Zen". If you are not an emperor, why do you call your son Feng Chan? This means that he wants to be emperor.
Third, Liu Bei has the skill of emperor. Liu Bei claimed to be a distant descendant of Liu Bang, the ancestor of Emperor Gaozu. As I said just now, this blood relationship is not clear now, but this person is really similar to Emperor Gaozu. He also likes music, dogs, horses and women since he was a child. This is the same. What's the difference? The difference is that Liu Bang likes swearing, while Liu Bei doesn't swear. Liu Bei has never seen the record of his swearing, which shows that Liu Bei is kinder than Liu Bang, or at least looks kinder than Liu Bang, so he is very popular. It is said that when he was Pingyuan, one of his men looked down on him. Why did this guy give me the leadership, so he bribed an assassin to murder Liu Bei. As a result, after the assassin came, Liu Bei accepted the assassin by recruiting talents, drinking with him, eating with him and playing with him. After the game, the assassin said I came to kill you, but I don't think you are such a good person. I'm telling you, someone is trying to kill you. Why didn't the assassin kill him? Because the assassin saw that Liu Bei was doing really well in such a turbulent era. According to historical records, Liu Bei was defending this place. After someone calls, one is to defend the place, the other is to help the poor, and the third is that those scholars, regardless of their status, are treated equally. As long as the other party is a scholar and a talented person, Liu Bei must have dinner with him, talk with him and treat each other as equals.
Fourth, Liu Bei has the blessing of an emperor. Liu Bei is a blessed man. Among the three giants of the Three Kingdoms, he and Sun Quan are both blessed. The greatest blessing is Sun Quan, who took over the ready-made inheritance at the age of eighteen. His father, Sun Jian, and his brother, Sun Ce, have helped him conquer the world, leaving a group of loyal people to help him. Zhang Zhao and Zhou Yu are very loyal, and Sun Quan basically doesn't need to go to the front in the whole process of competing with each other. Natural someone to help him play, the best blessing. Liu Bei is also a blessed man. Why is he blessed? Guan Yu and Zhang Fei came out of the mountain. We know that the most important thing is talent, which is hard to come by in ancient wars or modern enterprises. Why are talents scarce? Because of the best talent, we require him to be loyal and capable. What are the problems faced by bosses? Loyal people can't do it, capable people are disloyal, and loyal and capable people are hard to find. This Liu Beigang came as soon as he debuted. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei are really loyal and capable. Don't you think this is a blessing?
But his fate is very bumpy, and his road is tortuous. After so many years of struggle, he still has no foundation, no team of his own, no climate, and he still depends on others. It is said that he once had a drink with Liu Biao, then went to the toilet halfway, and then came back and cried. Liu Biao said, why are you crying? Liu Bei said, I went to the toilet just now and looked down and found that both my thighs had gained weight. I am a person who has been riding for a long time. You can only have muscles on your legs, not fat. I just remembered that I had accomplished nothing at this age, so I was sad from the heart. Indeed, in the twelfth year of Jian 'an, Liu Bei was 46 years old. You know, the ancients were different from us now. We are now 46 years old and are called prime of life. The ancients called 36 years old an old man. Liu Bei thinks he has a bright future. I can't see it, and I can't walk out of the twists and turns.
As we know, Liu Bei struggled for so long and failed to achieve the goal for two reasons. First, let's say that he has heroic ambition, heroic spirit, heroic soul and heroic significance, but what he lacks is a heroic place, that is to say, he lacks a useful place, which is what he lacks first. Second, he has the distinction, ambition, ability and blessing of being an emperor. Why didn't he become emperor? He lacks the road to success. He hasn't found the correct political line for his development for so many years, and these two things began to exist at this time. Because Zhuge Liang came, Zhuge Liang gave him a place to play and pointed out the road to success for him. So Zhuge Liang came to Liu Bei's side, which was really Liu Bei's luck and Cao Cao's misfortune. Of course, we should not exaggerate the role of individuals. Later, the development of the situation was also caused by many reasons, not Zhuge Liang alone. But it is undeniable that the appearance of such a figure really had immeasurable significance at that time.
This is Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang at that time, that is to say, what kind of person was Liu Bei? Like a developing private enterprise, it has a little money, experience and products, but it can't find the main products and marketing routes. It lacks a CEO. Zhuge Liang is like a competent professional manager. He is someone else's general manager. He has no property and no company. He needs to find a good company. So when they met later, they really hit it off like a duck to water, making their meeting with this monarch and minister a much-told story through the ages. But here's a question. Which one of them is looking for who? According to Records of the Three Kingdoms and Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei visited the thatched cottage, but according to Records of Wei Lue and Kyushu Chunqiu, Zhuge Liang came to the door on his own initiative, so we have to ask: Did Liu Bei visit the thatched cottage or did Zhuge Liang recommend himself? If Liu Bei has been to the cottage three times, did Liu Bei go there three times to see it, or did he go there three times to see it three times?