Principle of Ironmaking The chemical equation of industrial ironmaking is: Fe? o？ +3CO==2Fe+3CO？ (high temperature) (reduction reaction).
Principle: Carbon monoxide and iron oxide generate iron and carbon dioxide at high temperature. Production process of reducing iron ore with reducing agent at high temperature to obtain pig iron. The main raw materials for ironmaking are iron ore, coke, limestone and air. Iron ore includes hematite and magnetite.
The iron content of iron ore is called grade. Before smelting, it must be carefully selected to remove other impurities and improve the grade of iron ore. And then sent to a blast furnace for smelting after crushing, grinding and sintering. The function of coke is to provide heat and produce reducing agent carbon monoxide. Limestone is used for slagging and gangue removal, so that iron produced by smelting can be separated from impurities. The main equipment for ironmaking is blast furnace.
Iron ore, coke and limestone are added from top to bottom during smelting, and hot air is blown into the furnace from bottom to top. At high temperature, the reactants fully contact and react to obtain iron. Blast furnace ironmaking refers to charging iron ore, coke, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and other fuels and fluxes (theoretically, iron can also be mixed with ores with stronger metal activity and then smelted at high temperature) into the blast furnace for smelting, and removing impurities to obtain metallic iron (pig iron).
Knowledge principle of chemical ironmaking in junior middle school: At high temperature, the reductant (CO) generated by the reaction of coke and oxygen reduces iron from iron ore.
Raw materials: iron ore: mineral processing conditions.
Common iron ores are magnetite (mainly Fe3O4) and hematite (mainly Fe2O3).
Coke function: 1. Provide high temperature C+O2= high temperature = CO2 provide CO CO2+C= high temperature =2CO.
Limestone: removing SiO2 by action, CaCO3= high temperature = Cao+CO2 =；; CaO+SiO2= high temperature =CaSiO3.
Main equipment: blast furnace. Chemical reaction during smelting: C+O2== ignition ==CO2. CO2+C== high temperature ==2CO
3CO+Fe2O3= high temperature = 2fe+3 CO2；; CaCO3= high temperature = Cao+CO2 =；; CaO+SiO2= high temperature =CaSiO3.
Note: The main function of limestone is to convert silica in ore into slag.
Steelmaking equipment: converter, electric furnace, open hearth furnace.
Principle: At high temperature, excess carbon and other impurities contained in pig iron are converted into gas and slag by oxygen or iron oxide and removed. C+O2== Ignition ==CO2