As far as its origin is concerned, the word "elephant" first appeared in Liu Xie's Thought of Carving Dragons with a Literary Mind: "A craftsman who takes pictures, looking far and near at the image, is the first skill to control words and the main purpose of the article." As far as its aesthetic category is concerned, "image" refers to the unity of people's subjective feelings and external images. It has two levels: first, the image produced by the personal feelings of literati and artists or empathy with the scene is unstable; Second, the fixed objective image has accumulated similar psychological feelings of human beings, nations and groups, and the connotation of this image is relatively stable and restrictive.
The images in China's ancient poems are rich and colorful, and water is one of the most common images. With its unique aesthetic and artistic features, "water" attracts literati in past dynasties, and Du Mu, a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty, is one of them in love the water. There are many articles about water in Du Mu's poems, which are rich in meaning, both agreed and stable, and some of them express the poet's unique feelings and thoughts.
First, the image of "water" symbolizes the passage of time.
The meaning of "water" is produced under the joint action of a national group's way of thinking, creative habits and acceptance practice, and is constantly followed and accepted. The water is endless, as if time is endless; Water is gone forever, like time is irreversible, time is like water, flowing and changing.
Water symbolizes the passage of time, which can be roughly divided into three categories in Du Mu's poems:
1. symbolizes the ups and downs of things.
"Prosperous things are scattered, and flowing water is ruthless." (Jingu Garden) This poem expresses the ups and downs of ancient and modern times through the rise and fall of Jingu Garden. Jingu Garden is a villa garden built by Shi Chong, a rich man in the Western Jin Dynasty. The former prosperity of Jingu Garden has gone with the passage of time. "Flowing water is ruthless and grass springs from it". Time and running water still pass away regardless of people's joys and sorrows. Under its purification, authority and wealth are fleeting. "Knowing that the cover can't cover the clouds, where is the fairy boat going?" In the middle of the Tang Dynasty, the emperor stopped patrolling Luoyang, which was destroyed several times, and the former prosperity of the East Capital passed away with the flowing water. The author reveals the irreversible decline of the late Tang society from the perspective of the superficial glory and grace of the East Capital.
2. Witness that times have changed, times have changed.
"Yan Yan and Tang Nishui fork out their teeth from their bones." (Part II of Two Poems in Taicheng)
This poem describes the scene that the general Wang was recruited into the state of Chen and dug a grave for revenge near the brightly lit area. After Chen's death, the Sui and Tang Dynasties changed, and the only constant was the water that witnessed history.
It symbolizes the irreversibility of time and life.
"Who is stationed in Liu Dong is always in hand every year." Xi Chun.
Du Mu's Water Flows East is a metaphor for the lost time. Water flows eastward, time goes by, and life is short. Who can hold time in their own hands and do something beneficial to the country and the people?
Second, the emotional symbol of water image
In Du Mu's poems, water is often written with emotion, but poets generally don't understand it. Water seems to be only one kind of natural scenery, but if readers savor it carefully, it is not difficult to appreciate the continuous affection in Water.
1. Express homesickness.
"The sound of the bottom of the river is loud, and the sun sets. You don't have to look back at the fence, seventy-five pavilions in your hometown. " ("Tiqi Temple Tower")
"Nanling water is leisurely, and the wind is tight and the clouds are light. It is the loneliness of the guest, and its tea depends on the Jiangta. " (Nanling Middle Road)
The above two poems are both works of the poet expressing homesickness. The previous article was written by Du Mu when he was the secretariat of Huangzhou. When the poet climbed the Huanggang Tower and saw that the sunset was about to set on the cold continent in the middle of the river, he suddenly felt homesick for his garden. The long river in the latter song is the scenery of early autumn, but isn't it the poet's long-term yearning for his hometown and his wife and children?
2. Express your feelings for others.
"Castle peak faint water all the way, Jiangnan vegetation withered in autumn. On the 24 th Bridge on a moonlit night, where can jade people teach to play the flute? " (Letter to Han Chuo, Yangzhou Magistrate)
"Go to Xia Yu's side and lean on Zhu Lan's side. The water was downstairs that day, where to go today. Hate is like spring grass, and things go with loneliness. Chu is poor, don't worry. "("Tianzhou Fuyun Temple Building sends Zhang Huzhou Langzhong ")
"Before the snow drowned in the stream, the cock crowed all the time around the pool. Plum decline, spring tender. I have been dreaming for years. Wen Jun also feels a lot, where to rely on the railing. " ("In early spring, I felt a sense of mourning for Mr. Xing in Zhangzhou")
"Clouds and deep trees, Jiang Chengqiu bath. Where is the beauty, the moon is full of mountains. " ("you send")
A letter to Han Chuo, Yangzhou magistrate, is mainly about his memory of Han Chuo, Yangzhou's good friend. Miao Yue's Chronicle of Du Mu: "Du Mu went to Huainan, Yangzhou as the secretary of Mofu Middle School in Qi Tang (833) and left in Tang Dynasty (835). His life in Yangzhou for more than two years left an indelible memory in his mind. After leaving, he recalled this unforgettable experience many times. " Water is not only the natural scenery in autumn in the south, but also a symbol of homesickness. "Jumping" describes the length of running water, sets off the depth of emotion, and writes the intensity of nostalgia. #p# Subtitle #e#
The next three songs all use the image of water to express the memory of friends.
3. Express your concern for the country and people.
"Smoke cage cold water moon cage sand, night near Qinhuai restaurant. Strong women in business do not know how to hate the country, but also sing backyard flowers across the river. " Bo Qinhuai
This poem is the author's satirical work since ancient times, which reflects the decline of the ruling class in the late Tang Dynasty regardless of the danger of the country and the suffering of the people. Autumn water is cold, just as a poet cares about the country and the people.
4. Express the melancholy that life is short and career is difficult to achieve.
The poet's life sigh and melancholy feelings come from the time implication of water image. Where will you go, frustrated in his career, is sad and helpless.
"Lane creek all day long to dusk, according to the number of Qiu Lai white hair. What was washed by Lai Jun thousands of times, and the dust in the pen gradually disappeared. " ("Chizhou Qingxi") A poet who is over 20 years old found out in Qingxi and expressed his dying feelings through the water of Qingxi, which is quite sad.
"Dissolved overflow Bai Ou fly, green net spring deep dyed clothes. People grow old when they come from the south to the north, and the fishing boat goes home when the sun sets. " (Hanjiang River)
The "rising" river is green every year, but people are getting old. The eternity of water contrasts with the brevity of life, and the feeling of life getting old is caused by natural scenery.
"Lanxi is full of spring, and orchid flowers are in the rain. When Dr. Chu is haggard, he should go to Xiaoxiang to find this way. " (Lanxi) This poet, who stayed out for three times and changed stars for seven times, is "introverted but not depressed" (Fan Chuan's Collected Works, Volume 16, The Shape of Gao Shangshu's Official Department). When he saw the blue Lanxi water in spring, he couldn't help sighing about Qu Yuan's fate, but also expressed the sigh that he had lost all his talents and was far from relegating Jiang Jun.
The above-mentioned water love poems have three characteristics: first, the flow of water implies the generation of emotions, which is endless and implies many worries; The second is to describe the depth of love by the length and depth of water; Third, the image of "water" seems to be a touch of scenery, but in fact it is to communicate the sadness in the heart with water and express deep affection with synaesthesia rhetoric.
Third, the seclusion symbol of the image of "water"
The image of "water" is often regarded as the counterpart of a leisurely and indifferent state of mind because of its unrestrained posture and free flow. For example, "the grass is full of clouds and the water lines are like swallows." Occasionally I see quatrains on the river. "The water is connected with the sound of the Xijiang River, and the Xiaozhai pine shadow is flat." The theme of Chu Shi Gaoting highlights the poet's broad-minded, detached and leisurely mood. For this reason, water also has the meaning of "opposition" in ancient poetry.
"Reed flowers are deep and quiet, and the evening smoke is in spring. I said I was alone in the cold water, and no one ever woke up. " To the fisherman
"It's snowing outside the window, holding the stove to open the jar. What rain is like a fishing boat, sleeping in the autumn river. " Lonely drink
"The clouds and water are still admirable, and the songs are also comfortable." Late Autumn in Qi 'an County
In To the Fisherman, the cold water bank is a secluded place. The poet satirizes those who pursue fame and fortune with the image of fisherman, a philosopher incarnated in Laozi and Zhuangzi. Its essence is the objectification of the poet's subjective consciousness, or self-objectification.
In the poem "Late Autumn in Qi 'an County", "cloud capacity" and "watery state" are considerable, free as water, and "whistling", which shows the poet's leisure mentality of appreciating nature.
The three connotations of water image in Du Mu's poems are closely related. The former is formed by the long-term accumulation of national culture, while the latter two are formed by the continuous expansion, addition and derivation of the image itself in the process of circulation, inheritance and acceptance. The root of the three lies in the ancient people's philosophical understanding of the objective reality of "heaven and earth turn, time waits for no one"
By combing and analyzing the image meaning of "water" in Du Mu's poems, we can see that China's classical poems are full of charm, rich and colorful, hidden and intriguing, which makes the poems leave high artistic value for future generations.