1. Jia Dao's "Inscribed on Li Ning's Residence in Seclusion"
I live leisurely with few neighbors, and enter the deserted garden through a grass path.
The bird lives in the tree beside the pond, and the monk knocks on the door under the moonlight.
Crossing the bridge divides the wild colors, and moving rocks moves cloud roots.
I have been away for a while and come here again, and I live up to my promise.
This poem is famous for the couplet "The bird stayed in the tree beside the pond, and the monk knocked on the door under the moonlight". The whole poem only describes an ordinary incident such as the author's visit to his friend Li Ning.
In the first couplet "Living idle with few neighbors, the grass path leads to the deserted garden", the poet uses a very general approach to describe the surrounding environment of this secluded residence: a path covered by weeds leads to the deserted and uncultivated garden. Small garden; no one lives nearby. In two light strokes, the word "secret" was written in a very general way, hinting at Li Ning's status as a hermit.
"The bird stays in the tree beside the pond, and the monk knocks on the door under the moon" is a famous saying that has been recited throughout the history. There is also a story about the word "Tui": One day, Jia Dao was riding on a donkey and suddenly came up with the sentence "The bird stayed in the tree by the pond, and the monk knocked on the door under the moon." He initially planned to use the word "Tui", but then thought of changing it to " With the word "knock", he put his hands on the donkey's back to make a careful gesture. Unexpectedly, he bumped into the honor guard of Jingzhao Yin and Han Yu, and was immediately escorted in front of Han Yu. Jia Dao then told Jia Dao about the undecided word at the end of the poem. Instead of blaming him, Han Yu immediately thought about it for a long time and said to Jia Dao: "It would be better to write the word 'knock'." In this way, the two of them started doing it. Friends come. These two lines of poetry are a bit confusing at first glance. Can the poet even see the birds sleeping on the trees by the pond at night? In fact, this just shows the poet's skill in conception and painstaking intention. Because the moonlight was bright and everything was silent, a slight knock on the door by the old monk (perhaps referring to the author) disturbed the birds, or caused them to make an uneasy noise, or caused the birds to fly out of their nests. Turned around in a circle and settled in the nest again. The author seizes this fleeting phenomenon to depict the tranquility of the environment, which contains tranquility in the sound, which is unexpected. If the word "push" is used, of course there will be no such artistic effect.
The neck couplet "Crossing the bridge separates the wild colors, and moves the rocks to move the cloud roots" is about what I saw on the way back. Across the bridge is a colorful wilderness; the evening breeze blows gently, and the clouds drift, as if the rocks are moving. "Stone" will not "move". The poet uses rhetoric to express his unique charm. All of this is shrouded in a layer of moonlight as white as silver, which further highlights the natural tranquility, beauty and charm of the environment.
The last two sentences mean that I am leaving temporarily and will come back soon to live up to my promise to go into seclusion together. The first three couplets are all about narrative and scene description, and the last couplet points out the deep feelings in the poet's heart and reveals the theme of the poem. It is this elegant place and leisurely contentment that arouse the author's yearning for a secluded life.
2. Wang Lun was from Jingzhou (today's Jingxian County, Anhui Province) in the Tang Dynasty. He was bold by nature and liked to make friends with celebrities. At that time, Li Bai was famous in the poetry world and Wang Lun admired him very much. However, Jingzhou was famous He is unknown and he is an unknown person. How can he invite the great poet Li Bai?
Later, Wang Lun got the news that Li Bai was going to travel to Anhui, so Wang Lun wrote this invitation letter:
"How do you like to travel, sir? There are ten miles of peach blossoms here. Mr. Is it good to drink? There are thousands of hotels here."
Li Bai came immediately after receiving such a letter. As soon as I saw Wang Lun, I wanted to see "Ten Miles of Peach Blossom" and "Ten Thousand Hotels". Wang Lun smiled and told him: "Peach Blossom is the name of our pool. There are no peach blossoms in the ten-mile radius of Peach Blossom Pool. Wanjia is the surname of the owner of our hotel. It does not mean that there are 10,000 hotels." Li Bai listened. , I was stunned for a moment, I didn’t know what was going on, but I immediately understood. Then he burst into laughter and said repeatedly: "I admire it! I admire it!"
Here, Li Bai drank fine wine, ate delicious food, listened to singing, talked with distinguished friends, had several banquets a day, and often got together. Have fun till the end of time. This is exactly the life Li Bai likes. On the day Li Bai was leaving, after Wang Lun said goodbye, the ship was about to leave the shore when he suddenly heard a burst of singing. I saw Wang Lun and many villagers walking on the shore singing to see him off. Li Bai was very moved. He immediately spread paper and ink, and wrote the famous farewell poem to Wang Lun:
Li Bai was about to leave in a boat, when he suddenly heard singing on the shore.
The water in Peach Blossom Pond is a thousand feet deep, not as deep as Wang Lun's love for me
3. "A bird flies by with such lightness"
There was a man named Chen She in Bianjing in the Northern Song Dynasty. By chance, he got an old copy of Du Fu's Collected Poems, which was like a treasure. However, due to poor storage of this book, the words in many poems have fallen off. Once, when Chen Sheren was reading "Poem to Send Captain Cai", he found that there was a missing word after the word "bird" in the sentence "The body is as light as a bird, but the gun is so urgent that thousands of people call". He thought about it repeatedly, but could not make a conclusion. What is that word?
One day, when he was discussing poetry with several poetry friends, he raised this question and hoped that everyone could fill in the most appropriate word. Someone wrote the word "ji", thinking that the word "ji" best expresses Cai Duwei's brisk and quick vertical jumping skills. Some people think it is not good because the word "ji" in the first sentence and the word "ji" in the next sentence are too close in pronunciation and meaning, and seem a bit repetitive. Someone else wrote the word "degree", but Chen Sheren thought that the word "degree" seemed too blunt when used here, and it did not show the characteristics of being as light as a bird. Some people even suggested using words such as "fall", "rise" and "下", but no one was satisfied.
Later, Chen Sheren found a relatively complete "Collection of Du Fu's Poems" elsewhere. When he turned to "Poems for Cai Duwei", it turned out that the sentence was "A bird flies by because of his light body." It is indeed appropriate to use the word "guo" to describe Cai Duwei's jumping high and fast, like a bird flying in front of his eyes.
4. The branches of red apricots are full of spring.
There is a sentence in Song Qi's "Spring in the Jade House: The East City is Gradually Feeling the Good Spring" written by Song Qi in the Song Dynasty: "The branches of red apricots are full of spring." . Commentators from later generations highly praised the word "nao" in it. Liu Tiren's "Qi Song Tang Ci Interpretation" believed: "'The red apricot branches are noisy in spring', the word "nao" is outstanding throughout the ages." Because the word "nao" vividly expresses spring. The vivid scenery arouses the reader's infinite reverie, that is, the meaning of spring in the red apricot branches, and finally makes people think of the whole spring in a small way. This highlights the realm of the entire poem. Therefore, when Wang Guowei in modern times commented on this poem in "Human Words", he said: "With the word 'nao', the whole realm comes out."
5. Original line of Lu Xun's poem: Seeing friends grow up A new ghost, looking angrily at the edge of the knife for a little poem.
Change the sentence: I can’t bear to see my friends become new ghosts, and I look for poems in the clump of swords angrily.
This is a short poem written by Mr. Lu Xun in memory of the young revolutionaries. The author changed "eye" to "endurance" to express the suppressed resentment; changing "bian" to "cong" made the harsh The environment of white terror and struggle was intensified in degree and atmosphere.
6. There is a sentence in Zhang Xian's "Tian Xianzi": "The clouds break through the moon, and the flowers make shadows."
With the word "nong", the whole realm comes out, the author Zhang Xian grasps it The word "Nong" is used to emphasize its role in creating artistic conception, thus making the whole sentence vivid, lively and fresh, melting emotions into it, personifying the scenery, thus creating an aesthetic realm in which the artistic conception is unified and the scenes are blended. It has reached the highest state of calligraphy refining, "One word of warning can make the whole sentence strange" and "One word can make all the realms appear".
7. In the Tang Dynasty, Renfan stayed at Jinzifeng Zen Temple in Taizhou at night and wrote a poem on the wall of the temple: "The cool night of the new autumn is born, the cranes turn over the truffles and drip the clothes. The moon on the front peak reflects the river water, and the monks are slightly blooming in the green Bamboo House". After walking dozens of miles, he felt that "half a river" was more appropriate and more realistic than "one river". He hurriedly returned to the temple to revise it. Unexpectedly, when he arrived at the temple, he found that someone had already changed the word "一" to the word "half".
8. The Sword of Thousand Gold Hangs in the Cemetery
In the Spring and Autumn Period, the Wu State had very sophisticated skills in forging swords, and all kinds of swords were famous far and wide. People are satisfied with having a sword from the state of Wu.
Jizha, the crown prince of Wu Kingdom, is known as "Ji Zi of Yanling". Once, he was on a mission to Jin State and passed by Xu State on the way, so he went to pay homage to the king of Xu State. "Your Majesty, please accept my father's greetings to you!" After Jizha saluted, he held the hilt of the sword at his waist as usual. Xu Jun's eyes naturally fell on the dazzling golden scabbard. Xu Jun's attention to the sword
Although it happened in an instant, Jizha still felt it. While drinking, he thought: This sword is given to Xu Jun, which will be very helpful in strengthening the friendship between Wu and Xu. Function... However, I was on a mission to Jin, and it was inappropriate to have no sword on me... He decided to present the sword to Xu Jun when he came back from Jin.
A few days later, Jizha returned from Jin and passed by Xu. People in Xu State were dressed in plain clothes and wearing white flags, creating a mourning scene. It turns out that Xu Jun passed away. "I wanted to show my respect to Mr. Xu, but unexpectedly I lost the opportunity forever!" A follower said: "Since Mr. Xu is not here, why don't we give up the gift of the sword?" Jizha waved his hand: "No, we won't do it.
I will always feel uneasy." So he gave the sword to the new king of Xu. The new king said gratefully: "The previous king had no will, so I shouldn't accept expensive gifts." Jizha had no choice but to hang the sword on Xu Jun's grave to express his memory.
Later, someone wrote a poem and said: "The younger son of Yanling has never forgotten his past, and he has taken off his sword of a thousand gold and brought a mound tomb." As a result, the relationship between Wu and Xu became closer.
9. Are you selfless in wealth today?
Baili Xi will hold a banquet one day, and as usual there will be singing and dancing performances. It happened that a musician who played the piano fell ill, and one of the programs was missing. This really worried the etiquette officer. After the news spread, unexpectedly, a new washerwoman in the government came forward and said she could play the piano and sing. The etiquette officer agreed to let her participate in the performance. The banquet was held in a warm atmosphere. Officials of all sizes took their seats in order, silver wine glasses were constantly raised, dancers' ribbons fluttered frequently, and applause and cheers came one after another.
It was the washerwoman's turn to play, and she sang a "Qin Song" while playing: